Incazelo yokuvula
Ngamafuphi, ukuvula kuhlobene nokuvula noma ukuvala lensiza yekhamera ukuvumela noma ukuvumelanisa amazinga okukhanya okuhluka. I-DSLR lensi inayo iris ngaphakathi kwayo, eyovula futhi ivaliwe ukuvumela ukuthi inani elithile lokukhanya lifinyelele inzwa yenkhamera. Ukuvulwa kwekhamera kulinganiswa ema-f-stop.
Ukuvula kunemisebenzi emibili kwi-DSLR. Ngaphezu kokulawula inani lokukhanya elidlula lens, libuye lilawule ukujula kwensimu.
Uma ukudubula izithombe ngekhamera ehambile, uzofuna ukuqonda ukuvula. Ngokulawula ukuvula kwe-lens yekhamera, uzoshintsha kakhulu indlela izithombe zakho ezibukeka ngayo.
I-Range ye-F-Stops
Ama-F-stops adlula emkhakheni omkhulu, ikakhulukazi kuma-DSLR lenses. Izinombolo zakho ezincane nezisiphezulu ze-f-stop zizoncika, noma kunjalo, ngekhwalithi yelensi yakho. Ikhwalithi yesithombe ingancipha uma usebenzisa ukuvula okuncane (kuningi ngaphezulu kwalokho okungezansi), futhi abakhiqizi banciphisa ukuvula okungenani kwamalensi amancane, kuye ngokuthi ikhwalithi yabo yokwakha nokuklama.
Ama-lense amaningi azoba okungenani avela ku-f3.5 kuya ku-f22, kodwa uhla lwe-f-stop elibonwa kuwo wonke ama-lensi lungaba f1.2, f1.4, f1.8, f2, f2.8, f3.5, f4, f4 .5, f5.6, f6.3, f8, f9, f11, f13, f16, f22, f32 noma f45.
I-DSLRs inama-f-stop ngaphezulu kunezinkampani eziningi zefilimu.
Ukuvula nokujula kwensimu
Ake siqale ngokusebenza okulula kokuvula kuqala: Ukulawula kwawo ukujula kwensimu yakho yekhamera.
Ukujula kwensimu kumane kusho ukuthi ubuningi bomfanekiso wakho bugxile engxoxweni yakho. Ukujula kwensimu encane kuzokwenza isihloko sakho esiyinhloko sibukhali, kanti konke okunye ngaphambili nangasemuva kuzobe kufinyeleleke. Ukujula kwensimu enkulu kuyogcina yonke isithombe sakho ebukhali kulo lonke ukujula kwalo.
Usebenzisa ukujula okuncane kwensimu ukudweba izinto ezifana nobucwebe, nokujula okukhulu kwensimu yezemvelo nokunye okunjalo. Nokho, akuwona umthetho okhuni noma okusheshayo, futhi okuningi kokukhetha insimu ejulile yensimu livela esimisweni sakho somuntu siqu ngokuqondene nalokho okuzofanelana kangcono nendaba yakho.
Lapho kuhamba khona u-f-stop, insimu encane yensimu imelwe inombolo encane. Isibonelo, i-f1.4 iyinamba encane futhi izokunika insimu encane yensimu. Ukujula kwensimu enkulu kuboniswa yinani elikhulu, njenge f22.
Ukuvula nokuveza
Nakhu lapho kungadideka khona ...
Uma sibhekisela ekuvuleni "okuncane", i-f-stop efanele izoba inombolo enkulu. Ngakho-ke, i-f22 iyindawo encane, kanti i-f1.4 iyindawo enkulu. Kudideka kakhulu futhi kungenangqondo kubantu abaningi kusukela ohlelweni lonke lubonakala lubuyela emuva!
Noma kunjalo, okudingayo ukukhumbula ukuthi, e-f1.4, iris ivulekile futhi ivumela ukukhanya okuningi. Ngakho-ke kuyindawo enkulu.
Enye indlela yokusiza ukukhumbula lokhu ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuvula ngokuqondile kuhlobene nokulingana lapho ubude obugxile buhlukaniswa ukuphakama kwesilinganiso. Isibonelo, uma une-lens 50mm kanti iris ivulekile, ungaba nomgodi olinganisa u-25mm ububanzi. Ngakho-ke, i-50mm ehlukaniswe ngu-25mm ilingana 2. Lokhu kuhumusha ku-f-stop of f2. Uma ukuvulwa kuncane (isibonelo 3mm), bese uhlukanisa ama-50 ngu-3 kusinika i-f-stop ye-f16.
Ukuguqulwa kokuvula kubhekiselwa ngokuthi "ukuyeka" (uma wenza ukuvula kwakho kube mncane) noma "ukuvula" (uma wenza ukuvula kwakho kukhudlwana).
Ukubambisana & # 39; s Ukuthintana Nokuvinjelwa Kokuvala ne-ISO
Njengoba ukuvula kulawula inani lokukhanya eliza ngokusebenzisa i-lens phezu kwenzwa yekhamera, kunomphumela ekuvezweni kwesithombe. Isivinini sokuvala , futhi, sinomthelela ekuvezweni ngoba kuyisikhathi sesikhathi sokuvalwa kwekhamera.
Ngakho-ke, kanye nokunquma ekujuleni kwensimu ngokusetha kokuvula, kudingeka ukhumbule ukuthi ukukhanya kungena kanjani ku-lens. Uma ufuna ukujula kwensimu encane futhi ukhethe ukuvulwa kwe-f2.8, isibonelo, isivinini sakho se-shutter sidinga ukulingana okusheshayo ukuze i-shutter ingavulwa isikhathi eside, okungabangela ukuthi isithombe siphumelele.
Ijubane lokuvala okusheshayo (njenge-1/1000) likuvumela ukuthi ufeze isenzo, ngenkathi isivinini eside se-shutter (isib. Amasekhondi angu-30) sivumela izithombe zesikhombisa ngaphandle kokukhanya okufakelwayo. Zonke izilungiselelo zokuchayeka zithathwa inani lokukhanya elitholakalayo. Uma ukujula kwensimu kungukukhathazeka kwakho okuyinhloko (futhi kuyoba njalo), khona-ke ungakwazi ukulungisa isivinini se-shutter ngokufanele.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, singashintsha i- ISO yesithombe sethu ukusiza ngezimo zokukhanyisa. I-ISO ephakeme (emele inombolo ephakeme) izosisiza ukuba sidubule ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanyisa eziphansi ngaphandle kokuthi sishintshe izilungiselelo zethu zokuvinjelwa nokusheshisa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwe-ISO ephakeme kuzobangela ukuba kube khona okusanhlamvu okungaphezulu (okubizwa ngokuthi "umsindo" ku-digital photography), nokuwohloka komfanekiso kungabonakala.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngiyashintsha i-ISO kuphela njengesenzo sokugcina.