Ukuheha abafundi abaningi ngesayithi elihambisana nezidingo zomuntu wonke
Ngokwenza iwebhusayithi yakho ifinyeleleke kubantu abakhubazekile, usuqeda ukwenza kufinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu. Eqinisweni, ukwenza iwebhusayithi yakho ifinyeleleke kalula kungasiza ngisho nabantu ukuthola iwebhusayithi yakho ezinjini zokusesha. Kungani? Ngoba izinjini zokusesha zisebenzisa ezinye zezibonakaliso ezifanayo nabafundi besibuko abazenzayo ukuze bathole futhi baqonde okuqukethwe kwewebhusayithi yakho.
Kodwa ngempela wenza kanjani iwebhusayithi efinyelelekayo ngaphandle kokuba uchwepheshe wekhodi?
Nawa amanye amathiphu namasu okuba cishe noma ubani onolwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-HTML angasebenzisa ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwewebhusayithi yakhe.
Amathuluzi okufinyeleleka wewebhu
I-W3C inehlu oluhle lwamathuluzi wokufinyelela wewebhu ongawasebenzisa njengomhloli ukuze ubone izinkinga ezingenzeka ngewebhusayithi yakho. Lokho kusho, ngisakhuthaza ukwenza okunye ukuhlola ngombhalo wesikrini futhi ngizibonela wena.
Ukufunda Okuhlobene: Kuyini Ubuchwepheshe Bokusiza Futhi Busebenza Kanjani?
Ukuqonda Abafundi Besikrini
Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ongayithuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kwewebhusayithi yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingaqondwa ngabafundi besibuko. Abafundi bekrini basebenzisa igama elihlanganisiwe ukuze bafunde umbhalo esikrinini. Lokho kuzwakala kuhle kakhulu; Kodwa-ke, abafundi besibuko bangase bangaqondi iwebhusayithi yakho ngendlela okwamanje uyenzile ngayo.
Into yokuqala ongase ufune ukuyenza yilala umfundi weskrini bese ubona ukuthi ihamba kanjani. Uma use-Mac, zama ukusebenzisa i-VoiceOver.
- Yiya kuzintandokazi zesistimu.
- Khetha Ukufinyeleleka.
- Khetha i- VoiceOver.
- Hlola ibhokisi ukuze Nika amandla i-VoiceOver.
Ungayiguqula futhi icime usebenzisa umyalo-F5.
Uma usemshini weWindows, ungase ufune ukulanda i-NVDA. Ungayisetha ukuze uguqule futhi uvale ngokulawula kokunciphisa + alt + n.
Bobabili abafundi besibuko basebenza ngokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba ahambe ngekhibhodi (lokhu kunengqondo - uma ungaboni, ukusebenzisa i-mouse kungaba inselele) nangokudala indawo yokugxila kokuhamba. Ukugxila ikakhulukazi lapho ikhibhodi "ikhonjisiwe khona," kodwa ngokuvamile iboniswa njengebhokisi eligqamile elizungeze into yokugxila esikhundleni se-cursor.
Ungashintsha kokubili ijubane lezwi kanye nejubane lapho izwi lifunda khona uma izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zicasula (futhi ngemva kwemizuzu engaba mihlanu ukulalela ukufundwa kwezwi eliphansi, ngokuvamile zikhona). Abantu abayizimpumputhe bavame ukufunda amawebusayithi nabafundi babo bekrini bahlelwe esisheshini eliphezulu.
Kungasiza ukuvala amehlo akho njengoba wenza lokhu, kodwa kungasiza futhi ukuwagcina evulekile futhi uqhathanise. Ezinye zezinto ongazibona masinyane uma uzama ukulalela iwebhusayithi yakho ukuthi ezinye zombhalo zingase zingekho ohlelweni. Izihloko kanye namatafula angase ahlehlise. Izithombe zingase zitheke noma zingase zisho "isithombe" noma into engafanele. Amathebula avame ukufundwa njengethungechunge lwezinto ngaphandle komongo.
Ungethemba, lungisa lokhu.
I-Alt-Tags noma isici esithile
I-al-tag noma enye indlela (alt) isici isetshenziswe ku-HTML ukuchaza isithombe. Ku-HTML, kubukeka okufana nalokhu:
Ngisho noma wenza iwebhusayithi yakho ithuluzi elibukwayo elifihla ikhodi yakho ye-HTML, cishe uzothola njalo ithuba lokufaka incazelo yesithombe. Awukwazi ukungena lutho (alt = "") kodwa kungaba ngcono ukunikeza isithombe ngasinye incazelo ewusizo. Uma ubuyimpumputhe, yini oyodinga ukwazi ngomfanekiso? "Owesifazane" akusizo usizo olukhulu, kodwa mhlawumbe "Umama odweba ishadi lokugeleza lokuklama kufaka phakathi ukufinyeleleka, ukusebentisa, ukushicilela, nokuklama."
Umbhalo wesihloko
Amawebhusayithi awabonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi isihloko sombhalo we-HTML, kodwa kusiza abafundi besibuko. Qinisekisa ukuthi ikhasi ngalinye lewebhusayithi yakho linesihloko esichazayo (kodwa hhayi ngokweqile) esitshela izivakashi ukuthi leli khasi lithini.
Nikeza Iwebhusayithi Yakho Ulwazi Oluhle Lwama-Hierarchy
Gweba izihloko ezinkulu zombhalo ngezihloko, futhi, uma kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa izinhloko nge-H1, H2, H3 ngokusemthethweni. Akukona nje ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi iwebhusayithi yakho ibe lula kubafundi besibuko, yenza kube lula kuwo wonke umuntu. Futhi kuyisignali enkulu ku-Google nezinye izinjini zokusesha ukuze ubasize kangcono inkomba yakho kuwebhusayithi.
Ngokufanayo, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi iwebhusayithi yakho inokuhleleka kwezinto zokuqukethwe futhi awunawo amabhokisi okuthola ulwazi olungahlobene. Uma usebenzisa izikhangiso, qaphela ukuthi izikhangiso zakho azizwakali futhi ziphule umbhalo kuwebhusayithi yakho njalo.
Yenza amathebula angcono
Uma usebenzisa amatafula e-HTML, ungafaka amazwibela ematafuleni akho usebenzisa ithegi ukuze wenze kube lula ukuwaqonda ngabafundi besibuko kunokuba wenze isihloko setafula ngombhalo ogqamile. Ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza isici esithi "ububanzi" bese ubhala ngokucacile imigqa namakholomu amasha etafuleni lakho ukuze abafundi besibuko bangalandeli nje uchungechunge lwamaseli etafula ngaphandle kokunikeza umongo.
Ukuhamba kwekhibhodi
Ngokuvamile, noma yini oyifaka kuwebhusayithi yakho kufanele ibe yinto umuntu angacabanga ukuthi usebenzisa ikhibhodi kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkinobho zakho zokuhamba akufanele zivezwe izinkinobho zokudonsela phansi uma ungenakuzisebenzisa nomfundi wesikrini (zama bese ubona uma ungaqiniseki - ezinye izinkinobho zihlelwe ukusetshenziswa kwekhibhodi.)
Amazwibela avaliwe
Uma ungeza amavidiyo noma izakhi zomsindo kuwebhusayithi yakho, kufanele abe namazwibela. I-HTML5 kanye nezinsiza eziningi zokusakaza ividiyo (njenge-YouTube) zinikeza ukusekelwa kwamazwibela avaliwe. Amagama-ncazo avaliwe awusizo kuphela ukufinyeleleka kodwa futhi kubasebenzisi abangase bapheqa iwebhusayithi yakho endaweni ethile lapho bengakwazi ukudlala umsindo, njengasehhovisi noma endaweni enomsindo.
Ama-podcasts noma ezinye izakhi zomsindo, cabanga ngokunikeza umbhalo obhaliwe. Akuyona nje kuphela ewusizo kubantu abangakwazi ukulalela umsindo, ukuba umbhalo uwenze kube lula ku-Google nakwamanye ama-search ukusho lokho okuqukethwe futhi usize isistimu yakho ye-Google .
I-ARIA
Uma ufuna ukuya ezingeni eliphakeme lokufinyeleleka, ukucaciswa kwe-HTML5 ARIA noma ye-WAI-ARIA kuhloswe ukuba kube yizinga elisha eliya phambili. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi (futhi eguqukayo) yezobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke ongakwenza ungasebenzisa i-ARIA validator ukuskena ukuze ubone ukuthi iwebhusayithi yakho inezinkinga ongayibamba. I-Mozilla iphinde ibe nomhlahlandlela ongeneka kakhulu wokuqalisa nge-ARIA.