Izingane zithanda ikhodi uma zifunda ngezindlela ezimnandi
Uhlelo lwekhompiyutha luyimfuneko edingekayo kanye nomsebenzi ongase ube nzuzo kakhulu, ngakho-ke lezi zinsuku abazali bangathemba ukuthi izingane zabo zikhule zibe izinhlelo ze- softwar . Uma ufuna ukufundisa izingane zakho indlela yokuhlela, uqala kuphi? Zama ezimbalwa izilimi zokuhlela izingane ezinomusa namathuluzi kulolu hlu.
01 ngo-07
Scratch
Ukukhishwa ulimi lwezinhlelo zamahhala olunikezwa yi-MIT's Lifelong Kindergarten Lab . Ulimi lwamahhala lugcwaliswa ngokuqalisa ukufundiswa, imiyalelo yekharidi yabazali, nomphakathi womsebenzisi onamandla. Kukhona ngisho namakhadi ongawasebenzisa ukuze ufunde imiqondo yokuhlela ye-Scratch kude nekhompyutheni.
Scratch isebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo sokwakha ukwakha ukuhlangenwe nakho okungeziwe kakhulu kwezingane (nabazali). Uhlanganisa ndawonye izingxenye zohlelo, njengezenzo, imicimbi, kanye nama-opharetha.
I-block ngayinye inomumo owuvumela kuphela ukuba uhlangane nento ehambisanayo. "Phinda u-loops," isibonelo, zifakwe njengezinhlangothi ezilandelayo "U" ukukwazisa ukuthi udinga ukufaka amabhlogo phakathi kokuqala nokuma kwe-loop.
Ukuqala kungasetshenziselwa ukwenza izithombe zangempela nemidlalo besebenzisa izithombe ezenziwe ngaphambili noma izinhlamvu noma ngokulayisha okusha. Ukukhishwa kungasetshenziswa neyethu ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwe- intanethi . Izingane zingazikhethela ngokwabelana ngemvelo yazo emphakathini we-Scratch online.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-Scratch ikhululekile futhi isekelwe kakhulu, ingenye yeziphakamiso zokuqala zokuhlela izingane, futhi kulula ukubona ithonya le-Scratch kwezinye izilimi eziningi zokuhlela izingane ezibhalwe lapha, njenge-Blockly.
Iminyaka ephakanyisiwe: 8-16
Izimfuneko: Ikhompiyutha eqhuba i-Mac, Windows, noma i-Linux Okuningi »
02 ngo-07
I-Blockly
I-Blockly ukulungiswa kwe-Scratch ye-Google isebenzisa isakhiwo sokufanisa esakhiweni esifanayo, kodwa singakhishwa ikhodi ngezilimi eziningana zokuhlela. Njengamanje, lokhu kuhlanganisa i-JavasScript, i-Python, i-PHP, i-Lua, ne-Dart. Lokho kwenza i-Blockly i-editor ebonakalayo kunokuba nje ulimi lwezinhlelo ezinomntwana.
Eqinisweni, ungabona ikhodi eceleni kwesikrini sakho njengoba uxhuma uvimba ndawonye, futhi ungashintsha izilimi zokuhlela ngendiza ukuze ubone umehluko ngolimi lwe-syntax ohlelweni oluyisisekelo olufanayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi i-Blockly ekahle ekufundiseni ikhodi kuminyaka eminingi yobudala, kuhlanganise nezingane ezindala nabadala abangase bangaboni ikati elincinci elidutshulwa kanye namatoli we-Scratch.
Uma lokhu kuzwakala sengathi kungaba ukuguqulwa okumangalisayo kusuka ku-Scratch, i-Google, empeleni, isebenza ne-MIT ukuthuthukisa isizukulwane esilandelayo se-Scratch esekelwe yesikhulumi se-Blockly.
I-Blockly isetshenziselwa njengengxenyana ye-Android App Inventor, engasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenza ze-Android. I-MIT ithathe ukulawula lokho okwakungumsebenzi we-Google.
Ngeshwa, i-Blockly ayikathuthuki ngokugcwele njenge-Scratch - okwamanje, futhi azikho amathrekhi amaningi atholakalayo. Ngaleso sizathu, sandisa iminyaka ephakanyisiwe noma sikisela ukusekelwa kwabazali okwandisiwe. Noma kunjalo, i-Blockly ibukeka ibe nekusasa elihle njengendawo ehlelekile yokuhlela abahleli babo bonke ubudala.
Ukuphakanyiswa kweminyaka: 10+
Izimfuneko: Ikhompyutha eqhuba iWindows, Mac OS, noma i-Linux Okuningi »
03 ka-07
Alice
U-Alice uyithuluzi lokuhlela elingu-3-D elenzelwe ukufundisa imiqondo yezilimi zokuhlela izinto ezinjenge-C ++. Isebenzisa indlela evamile yokwakha izakhiwo zokuvumela izingane ukuba zenze imidlalo noma izithombe ngokuhlela izinhlelo zekhamera, izinhlobo ze-3-D, nezigcawu.
Inkinobho yokudonsa nokudonsa futhi inkinobho elula "yokudlala" ingahle idideke kancane kubafundi abathile kunesikhombimsebenzisi esibambezelekile sikaSkratch. Izinhlelo, noma "Izindlela" ku-Alice, zingashintshwa zibe i-Java IDE njenge-NetBeans ngakho abafundi abahlelayo bangenza ushintsho kusuka esibonakalayo sokuvimba isikhangiso esakhiweni kuya kulimi oluhle lokuhlela.
U-Alice usungulwa yiCarnegie-Melon University. Lewebhusayithi ingahle ingabonakali, kodwa uhlelo lusetshenziselwa futhi lucwaningwe.
Qaphela: uma ufaka u-Alice ku-Mac, kuzomele unike amandla ukufaka ngokuya kwizintandokazi zesistimu: Ukuphepha nobumfihlo: Vumela izinhlelo zokusebenza zilayishwe kusuka: Noma kuphi. (Ungashintsha izilungiselelo zakho zokuphepha uma ukufakwa sekuphelile.)
Ukuphakanyiswa kweminyaka: 10+
Izimfuneko: Ikhompyutha isebenza nge-Mac, Windows, noma i-Linux Okuningi »
04 ka 07
Ama-Swift Playgrounds
I-Swift ulimi lohlelo olusetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhlelo ze-iOS. I-Swift Playgrounds i-iPad game eyenzelwe ukufundisa izingane indlela yokuhlela ku-Swift. Lokhu kuyisilingo samahhala kusuka ku-Apple futhi akudingi ulwazi oluthile lwekhodi ngaphambili.
Uhlelo lokusebenza luqukethe izifundiso eziningi kumilayezo ehlukene ye-Swift eyenzelwe, kulokhu, ukuhambisa umlingisi ogama lakhe lingu-Byte eduze nezwe le-3-D. Yize kungekho ulwazi lwezinhlelo oludingekayo, izingane zidinga ukwazi ukufunda izifundiswa futhi zibe nokuphikelela ekuxazululeni izinkinga. Ikhodi yokudonsa nokudonsa iqeda u-typos, kodwa i-Swift Playgrounds ayisebenzisi isikhombimsebenzisi sokuvimba.
Uma ingane yakho ikwazi ukwenza kahle kwi-Swift Playgrounds, ingaqala ukuthuthukisa ku-Swift.
Ukuphakanyiswa kweminyaka: 10+
Izidingo : iPad Okuningi »
05 ka-07
Twine
Kuzingane ezithanda kakhulu ukudala imidlalo nokutshela izindaba futhi zikhungathekiswe ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe bokuhlela, zama Twine.
I-Twine iyinhlelo lokusebenza yamahhala engavamile yokuxoxa indaba esetshenziswe ngabasebenzisi bazo zonke ubudala, kuhlanganise nenani elikhulu labantu abadala nabafundisi. Nge-Twine akudingeki ufunde noma iyiphi ikhodi. Esikhundleni sokufundisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bangayikhoda kanjani, ibafundisa indlela yokuhlela nokuveza imidlalo engavamile kanye nezindaba.
Izindaba ze-Twine zihlanganisa amakhasi umbhalo nezithombe, njengewebhusayithi. I-design interface ibonisa amakhasi axhunyiwe, okunye okungahle kuguqulwe ngombhalo, izixhumanisi, nezithombe. Isebenza ngokukhethekile "ngokukhetha i-adventure yakho" uhlobo lomdlalo lapho ukukhetha komdlali ngamunye kungase kube khona egatsheni elisha lendaba.
Ngenkathi lolu hlelo lokusebenza lungayikufundisa izingane ukubhalisa, lufundisa amakhono amaningi okuhlela nokuklama okubalulekile kubanikazi begeyimu nabadlali bezindaba. Uhlelo lokusebenza lusekelwa kahle kakhulu nge-wiki support, tutorials, kanye nomphakathi osebenzayo womsebenzisi.
Ungakha izindaba ze-Twine ku-inthanethi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olusungulwe noma ulanda uhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlela ungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi.
Isikhathi Esiphakanyisiwe : 12+ (abafundi abanamandla batusa)
Izimfuneko: Windows, Mac OS, noma Linux Okuningi »
06 ka-07
I-LEGO Mindstorm Robotics
Enye indlela yokufunda uhlelo ukubuka ama-robotics. Izingane eziningi ziphendula umqondo wokuhlela izinto ezisebenza ezweni langempela. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinobho ze-robotics nezilimi ongazisebenzisa ukuze uzihlele, kodwa uhlelo lwe-LEGO Mindstorms lujabulela omunye wemiphakathi yomsebenzisi kunazo zonke kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibukwayo lwezingane.
Ungalanda indawo yokuhlela mahhala, kodwa uzodinga ukufinyelela ku-kit ye-LEGO Mindstorms ukuze wenze uhlelo luqalwe. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele uthenge owodwa. Ezinye izikole kanye nemitapo yolwazi yomphakathi inamakhithi atholakalayo ekusetshenzisweni kwabafundi, noma ungase ufune ukuthola i-First League League eduze kwakho.
Isofthiwe yokuhlela ye-LEGO EV3 ingasebenza kumaphilisi namakhompiyutha futhi isebenzisa isakhiwo sokwakha (i-LEGO block block), njenge-Scratch ne-Blockly, nakuba inguqulo ye-LEGO ijwayele ukukwakha uhlelo ngokubanzi futhi ibukeka njenge-chart-flow . Abafundi benza inhlanganisela yezenzo ezahlukene, iziguquguquko, nezenzakalo zokusebenzisa izidalwa zabo ze-LEGO zemvelo. Ulimi lohlelo lulula ngokwanele ezinganeni ezincane ngenkathi zisabhekene nezinselele kubantwana asebekhulile nakubantu abadala (sake sathola umcimbi wokuhlelwa we-LEGO oxhaswe yi-Google kumhlangano we-tech owawubheke abahleli.)
Ngaphandle kwemvelo ye-LEGO Mindstorms, i-LEGO isebenzisa i-Linux kernal evulekile-inguquko engalungiswa futhi ihlelwe yizilimi eziningi zenkambiso yendabuko njengePython noma i-C ++.
Izidingo zobuchwepheshe: Ulimi lwe-EV3 lohlelo lusebenza ku-Mac, i-Windows, i-Android, ne-iOS.
Ukuze uqalise izinhlelo (kunokuba nje uziphulukise) i-robot LEGO EV3 eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. (Ama-robot ayisithupha angase ahlotshiswe ngezinhlelo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi.)
Isikhathi Esiphakanyisiwe: 10+ (Izingane ezincane zingasebenzisa lokhu ngokuqondisa okuningi)
Izidingo: Ikhompyutha eqhuba i-Mac OS noma i-Windows noma ithebhulethi eqhuba i- Android noma i- iOS . Okuningi "
07 ka-07
I-Kodu
I-Kodu iyinhlelo lokusebenza yokuhlela imidlalo evela ku-Microsoft eyenzelwe i-Xbox 360. Inguqulo ye-Windows ayikhululekile, kodwa inguqulo ye-Xbox 360 i-$ 4.99. Izingane zingasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza ukuhlola nokudiza imidlalo kumhlaba we-3-D.
Isibonisi esibonakalayo se-Kodu sihlanganyela, futhi uhlelo oluvela ku-Xbox version lungenziwa ngokuphelele kusuka kusilawuli segeyimu. Uma une-hardware esekela yona, i-Kodu ingumuntu omdala kodwa okwamanje isinqumo esiqinile.
Ngeshwa, ayikho i-Xbox One version ye-Kodu, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, izinguqulo ze-Xbox ne-Windows zithuthukile ngokugcwele, yingakho kunguyena kuphela ulimi oluhle lwabafundi "olulahliwe" kulolu hlu.
Isikhathi Esiphakanyisiwe : 8-14
Izidingo: Windows 7 nangaphansi noma i-Xbox 360
Ezinye izinsiza ze-Coding Resources
Uma engekho kulezi zilimi kubonakala sengathi kufanelekile, noma uma ingane yakho ifuna ukuzama okuningi, bheka i-Best Resources for Learning to Code Online .
Kuzingane ezindala, ungase ufune nje ukugxuma ezilimini ezijwayelekile zokuhlela njenge-Python, Java, noma i-Ruby. Akukho ulimi lohlelo lwezingane oludingekayo. I-Khan Academy ne-Codecademy bobabili banikeza izifundiswa zamahhala zamahhala zokuqalisa ngokuhlela. Okuningi "