Isikhathi Semihlangano Eyakha Umklamo Wamanje
Umklamo wezithombe unomlando omude nesithakazelisayo futhi konke kwaqala ngamazwi okuqala nezithombe. Kusukela ekuthuthukeni kokuqala kokunyathelisa kuze kuvele izitayela ezihlukile ekwakheni ngekhulu lama-20, ake sibheke izenzakalo ezinkulu kanye nokunyakaza okufake ukuklanywa kwesithombe.
Ukulungiswa Kokuqala Ekuxhumaneni Okubukwayo Nokunyathelisa
15,000 - 10,000 BC: Ukuxhumana okubonwayo kokuqala okubonakalayo, ne-pictographs nezimpawu emaphandleni aseLascaux eningizimu yeFrance.
3600 BC: Isikhumbuzo seBlau sicatshangwa ukuthi siyinto enkulu kunazo zonke eyaziwayo ukuhlanganisa amagama nezithombe. Kucatshangwa ukuthi livela endaweni yase-Iraq.
105 AD: Isiphathimandla sikahulumeni waseTshayina uThai Lun sibhekwa ngokusungula iphepha.
1045 AD: UPi Sheng, isazi samakhemikhali waseShayina, ucela uhlobo oluhambayo, oluvumela abalingiswa ukuthi babekwe ngabanye ukunyathelisa.
1276: Ukunyathelisa kufinyelela eYurophu ngesigxobo sephepha eT Fabriano, e-Italy.
1450: UJohann Gensfleisch zum Gutenburg kuthiwa ufezekisa uhlelo lokunyathelisa izinhlobo ezincwadini.
1460: U- Albrecht Pfister uba ngowokuqala ukwengeza imifanekiso encwadini ephrintiwe.
Izinguquko zenguquko ku-Typeface
1470: UNicolas Jenson, obhekwa njengabaqambi bomdabu obukhulu bomlando, usetha izinga lezindaba lomhlobo wamaRoma.
1530: UClaude Garamond uvula uhlobo lokuqala lokuthola isisekelo, ukuthuthukisa nokuthengisa amafonti kumaphrinta.
1722: Iphoyisa lokuqala lokuqala le-Caslon Old Style lakhiwe. Kwakuzosetshenziswa kamuva ukunyatheliswa kweSimemezelo Sokuzimela.
I-Industrial Revolution
1760: I-Industrial Revolution iqala futhi ibeka isiteji sokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza imidwebo.
1796: Umbhali u-Aloys Senefelder uhlaziya ubuciko . Lena kwakuyindlela yokuqala yokunyathelisa "i-planographic" esetshenzisiwe, okusho ukuthi isetshenziselwa indawo ebanzi futhi ibeka isiteji sokunyathelisa kwe-offset yanamuhla.
1800: Nkosi Stanhope icela umshini wokunyathelisa wokuqala owenziwe kuzo zonke izingxenye zensimbi. Kwakudinga ingxenye eyodwa yeshumi yomsebenzi wezincwadi wezinkampani zangaphambilini zangaphambili futhi waphinda kabili usayizi wephepha.
1816: Ifonti yokuqala ye-sans-serif yenza ingenangqondo emnyango njengenye yezincwadi.
Umklamo Ufika Ewakho
1861: UWilliam Morris, owaba nomthelela omkhulu emlandweni wokwakha, ubeka ubuciko bakhe bokuhlobisa. Wayengumdlali omkhulu eBritish Arts and Crafts Movement.
1869: I- NW Ayer neNdodana yasungulwa. Kucatshangwa njenge-ejensi yokukhangisa yokuqala, baphayona inkontileka evulekile futhi basebenzisa ubuciko obuhle ngokuklama.
1880: Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikrini se- halftone kuvumela isithombe sokuqala ukuthi sinyatheliswe ngethani eligcwele lamathoni.
1890: The Ukunyakaza kwe-Art Nouveau kuqala futhi kushintsha ukuklanywa kuze kube phakade. Yenza indlela yayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuklama commercial futhi isebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zobuciko. Isitayela saqhubeka ngo-1920.
Izitayela Zomdwebo zanamuhla ziqala
1900: Isitayela se-futurism se-design sivela. Ethonywe yi-cubism nobuchwepheshe, yashiya zonke izici zendabuko futhi igxile emigqeni ehlanzekile, ebukhali, eqondile. Kwakuthandwa kakhulu ngawo-1930.
1910: Isitayela esibizwa ngokuthi i-Early Modern ithuthukiswe. Isebenzisa izithombe kunokuba imifanekiso kanye nomqondo wokudizayinisa we-geometric umqondo omncane. Isitayela sasithandwa kuze kube ngo-1935.
1910: Hero Realism ithonywe yizimpi futhi iyaqhubeka ngawo-1940. Lesi sita sithembele kakhulu emifanekisweni engokoqobo yabantu kanye nesigijimi esinamandla: cabanga ngoRosie uRiveter.
Ngo- 1919: UBauhaus ivula ngo-1919. Isikole saseJalimane esiklanyelwe ngokushesha saba amandla okuklanywa kwansuku zonke, ngokuvamile sisebenzisa i-Art Deco nokuthi kuzoba yiziphi izitayela zaseSwitzerland.
1920: Ukuklanywa kwemidwebo ye-Art Deco, nge-geometrics yesibindi futhi ukungafani okuphezulu kuvela eceleni kobuciko obuhle. Ayinakho ukujula kwezinye izitayela futhi isetshenziselwa ukuPhuma kweMinyaka engu-20 kuya kuma-40s.
Izitayela Ngokushesha Zilandela Imikhuba Yomculo
1932: Uhlobo lwe-Times New Roman lwakhiwa nguStanley Morrison. Yathunyelwa yi " Times of London ."
1940 : Isikhala esingalungile nemiklamo ehlanzekile yakha isitayela se-Swiss design. Ama-fonti angenawo ama-serif kanye nezakhiwo ezingafani ngokuvamile ayevame ukukhetha. Kwakukhona ukuthandwa okude futhi kwabonakala kaningi kuze kube ngu-1980.
1945: Ukunyakaza kweLate Modern kuphakama futhi kulandela i-geometrics ye-Art Deco. Lesi sitayela singakahleleki futhi siphume izakhiwo ezijwayelekile. Kwakuvamile ngawo-1960.
1947: Umklami wezithombe eziyingqayizivele uPaul Rand ukhulula incwadi yakhe yokuqala, ethi " Imicabango Ngomklamo. " Umsebenzi wakhe wawuyobathonya wonke umklami wamanje ongamlandela.
Ngo-1950: I- Kitsch ivela futhi iba yinto ephawulekayo kumafolda e-movie avamile kakhulu. Ukungafani okukhulu nemibala enesibindi, imidwebo emnandi, nemifanekiso yabantu abathandwayo abajwayelekile kule ndlela.
1957: I- Helvetica ikhiwa nguMax Miedinger. Ngokushesha yaba yinto evamile futhi evamile.
1959: Ukukhishwa kokuqala kwe " Arts Arts " kukhishwe. Lo magazini umklamo uzoba umshini wokulinganisa futhi ube nomsebenzi omuhle wabakhiqizi banamuhla.
Ngo- 1968: Ephefumulelwe ukucubungula, isitayela se-Psychedelic sivela futhi sidlala kumasiko wokulwa. Ama-swirls, amafonti angafihliwe aguqulwa abe yizibunjwa, futhi imibala ekhanyayo igcwele imiklamo evame ukulukhuni.
Ngo- 1970: Imizekeliso eyayizungeze i-collage yathandwa kakhulu emnyangweni we-Post-Modern. Izakhi ezigqamile kanye nomuzwa wokuzivocavoca wawuvamile ngama-80s.
I-Digital Revolution
Ngo-1990: Kukhishwa inguqulo yokuqala ye-Adobe Photoshop, okwenza izinguquko ngendlela abadwebi bezithombe abazenza ngayo.
2000: Umklamo we-Grunge uvele kanye nesakhiwo se-punk rock njengamakhemikhali amaningi asetshenziswe ukuthungatha ukuveza umuzwa ongeyena. Lesi sitayela sahlala sithandwa kakhulu ngonyaka ka-2010.
2010: Yini eyaziwa ngokuthi isitayela sePlates idlala imizwa encane kakhulu ngemigqa ebukhali kanye nezimpikiswano ezimangalisayo njengokusebenzisa ngokweqile isikhala esibi.
2016: I- Swiss abstract iqhubekela phambili ekuthambekeni okuncane, ukuhlanekezela nokulungisa kabusha izinto ngendlela ebonakala ingahleliwe.
2017: I- cinemagraphs ivela - izithombe lapho kukhona ukunyakaza okuncane okukwenziwa - ukubamba ababukeli ekubambeni kokukhangisa kwesikrini.
Umthombo:
UFiliphu B. Meggs, u-Alston W. Purvis. " Umlando weMeggs of Design Graphic ". John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2006.