Iziqukathi Zemiqulu, Izingxenye Zamafayela Kanye Nezinhlelo Zefayela Zonke Zidlalwa
Incazelo:
Ivolumu yisitsha sokugcina esifakwe ngesistimu yefayili ikhompyutha yakho (kulokhu, i-Mac) ingaqaphela. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ezibandakanya ama-CD, ama-DVD, ama-SSD, ama-drive asebenzayo, nezingxenye noma izingxenye zama-SSD noma izinkomba ezinzima.
Umqulu vs. Ukuhlukanisa
Ngezinye izikhathi ivolumu ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukanisa , kodwa ngomqondo oqinile, lokho akulungile. Yingakho: I-hard drive ingahlukaniswa ibe yizingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu; Ukuhlukaniswa ngalunye kuthatha isikhala kwi-hard drive. Isibonelo, cabangela i-hard drive ye-1 TB ehlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine zama-250 GB . Izingxenye ezimbili zokuqala zifomathiwe ngezinhlelo zefayela ze-Mac standard; isahluko sesithathu senziwe ngefayili yefayela le-Windows; futhi ukwahlukanisa kokugcina kwakungakaze kufomethiwe, noma kwafomathwa ngesistimu yefayili iMac engayiboni. I-Mac izobona izingxenye ezimbili ze-Mac ne-Windows partition (ngoba i-Mac ingafunda izinhlelo zefayela le-Windows), kodwa ngeke ibone ukwahlukana kwesine. Kusesehlukanisa, kodwa akuyona ivolumu, ngoba i-Mac ayikwazi ukubona noma iyiphi ifayela lefayela kuyo.
Uma i-Mac yakho iqaphela ivolumu, izofaka ivolumu kwideskithophu , ukuze ukwazi ukufinyelela noma iyiphi idatha equkethe.
Imiqulu Engenangqondo
Kuze kube manje, sibheke amavolumu kanye nezingxenye, lapho ivolumu yayakhiwa ngokuhlukanisa okukodwa kwi-drive eyodwa yomzimba eyayifakwe ngesistimu yefayela; lokhu yifomu elivame kakhulu ivolumu izothatha.
Nokho, akuyona kuphela uhlobo lwevolumu. Uhlobo oluningi olungabonakali, olubizwa ngokuthi ivolumu enengqondo, alukhawulelwanga ku-drive eyodwa yomzimba; Kungenziwa ngezingxenye eziningi kanye nokushayela ngokomzimba njengoba kudingeka.
Imiqulu engalinganiselwe yindlela yokwabiwa nokuphatha isikhala kumadivayisi wesitoreji esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ungacabanga njengengqimba ye-abstraction ehlukanisa i-OS kusuka kumadivayisi angokwenyama akha i-medium storage. Isibonelo esiyisisekelo salokhu yi- RAID 1 (isibuko) , lapho imiqulu eminingi inikelwa ku-OS njengomthamo owodwa onengqondo. Ama-RAID amasheya angenziwa ngumlawuli we-hardware noma nge-software, kodwa kuzo zombili izimo, i-OS ayiqapheli okwenza ngokomzimba ivolumu enengqondo. Kungaba ukushayela okulodwa, ukushayela okubili, noma ukushayela okuningi. Inombolo yokushayela eyenza i-RAID 1 i-array ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi i-OS ayisoze yazi ngalezi zinguquko. Yonke i-OS eke yabona iyindvodza eyodwa enengqondo.
Izinzuzo zikhulu kakhulu. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi isakhiwo sedijithali esingaphandle komthamo obonwa yi-OS, singaphathwa ngaphandle kwe-OS, engavumela izinhlelo ezilula kakhulu noma eziyinkimbinkimbi zokugcina idatha.
Ngaphezu kwe-RAID 1, ezinye izinhlelo ezivamile ze-RAID zisebenzisa imiqulu eminingi eboniswa ku-OS njengomthamo owodwa onengqondo. Kodwa ama-RAID arrays akuwona kuphela uhlelo lokugcina olusebenzisa umthamo onengqondo.
I-Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
Imiqulu enengqondo ihle kakhulu; bayakuvumela ukuthi udale ivolumu engenziwa ngamaphakheji akhiwe kumadivayisi amaningi wokugcina. Ngenkathi ukucabanga kalula kulula ukuqonda, ukuphatha uhlu olunjalo lwesitoreji kungaba nzima; yilapho kungena khona i-LVM (Logical Volume Manager).
I-LVM inakekela ukuphatha uhlu lokugcina, kufaka phakathi ukwahlukanisa izingxenye, ukudala imiqulu, nokulawula ukuthi imiqulu ixhumana kanjani nomunye nomunye; isibonelo, uma bezosebenza ndawonye ukusekela ukuhlunga, ukubukisa, ukukhipha, ukuguqula izinto, noma izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu, ezifana nokubhala idatha noma isitoreji esihlanganisiwe.
Njengoba i-OS X Lion isungulwe, i-Mac iye yaba nesistimu ye-LVM eyaziwa ngokuthi isitoreji esikhulu. Uhlelo lokugcina oluyisisekelo lusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka uhlelo lokubethelwa ngokugcwele lwe-disk olusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe- Apple Vault 2 . Khona-ke, lapho uhlelo lwe-OS X Mountain Lion lukhishwa, uhlelo lokugcina lokugcina lwathola amandla okuphatha uhlelo lokugcina olugcinwe yi-Apple olubizwa nge-Apple fusion drive .
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngilindele i-Apple ukuthi yengeze amandla amaningi ohlelweni lokugcina lokugcina, ß ngaphezu kwamandla ayo okwamanje wokushintsha kabusha izingxenye , ukwazisa idatha, noma ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokugcina lwe-Fusion.
Iziqukathi
Ngokungeziwe kwe-APFS (i-Apple File System) eyengezwe ngokukhululwa kwe-MacOS High Sierra, izitsha zithatha isikhala esisha esikhethekile senhlangano efayeleni yefayela.
I-APF isho konke mayelana neziqukathi, ukwakheka kwesikhala esinengqondo okungaba nomqulu owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Kukhona iziqukathi eziningi ezizosebenzisa uhlelo lwefayela le-APFS. imiqulu ngabanye ngaphakathi kwe-APFS isitsha kufanele sisebenzise izinhlelo zefayela le-APFS.
Lapho yonke imiqulu ngaphakathi kwesitsha isebenzisa uhlelo lwefayili le-APFS, ingahlanganyela isikhala esitholakala kulesi sitsha. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhule ivolumu edinga isikhala esiphezulu sesitoreji ngokusebenzisa noma yimuphi isikhala samahhala esingaphakathi kwesitsha. Ngokungafani nama-partitions, okungathatha isikhala ukusuka kumaphesenti ahlukaniswe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwesitsha kungasebenzisa isikhala noma kuphi ngaphakathi kwe-container, akudingeki ukuba kube eceleni kwevolumu.