Indlela i-UEFI izoshintsha ngayo inqubo ye-Boot yekhompyutha yomuntu siqu
Uma uqala ukuvula uhlelo lwakho lwekhompiyutha, akuvele iqale ukulayisha uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ihamba ngesimiso esasungulwa ekuqaleni ngamakhompiyutha okuqala ngokuqala i-hardware ngeSistimu YokuPhuma Okuyisisekelo Yokufaka noma i- BIOS . Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvumela izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zekhompyutha zixhumane kahle. Uma i-Power On Self Test noma i-POST igcwalisiwe, i-BIOS iqala uhlelo lwama-boot loader langempela. Le proproseksi ihlale isilingana iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 kodwa abathengi bangase bangaqapheli ukuthi lokhu kushintshile eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ama-computer amaningi manje asebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Unified Extensible Firmware Interface noma i-UEFI. Lesi sihloko sibheka ukuthi yikuphi lokhu nokuthi kusho ukuthini kumakhompyutha akho.
Umlando We-UEFI
I-UEFI empeleni isandiso se-Extensible Firmware Interface eyasungulwa yi-Intel. Bathuthukise uhlelo olusha lwe-hardware kanye nesofthiwe yesofthiwe lapho beqala uhlelo oluhle lwe-Itanium noma i-IA64 server processor. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokulinganiselwa kwezinhlelo ze-BIOS ezikhona, babefuna ukuthuthukisa indlela entsha yokuhambisa i-hardware ohlelweni lokusebenza oluzovumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Itanium ayiphumelelanga enkulu, izindinganiso ze-EFI nazo zaphela iminyaka eminingi.
Ngonyaka we-2005, i-Unified EFI Forum yasungulwa phakathi kwezinkampani ezinkulu ezizokhula ezinkambisweni zokuqala ezenziwe yi-Intel ukukhiqiza izinga elisha lokubuyekeza i-hardware ne-software esibonakalayo. Lokhu kubandakanya izinkampani ezifana ne-AMD, i-Apple, i-Dell, i-HP, i-IBM, i-Intel, i-Lenovo ne-Microsoft. Ngisho nabenzi ababili be-BIOS kunazo zonke, i-American Megatrends Inc. ne-Pheonix Technologies ngamalungu.
Kuyini UEFI?
I-UEFI iyincazelo echaza indlela i-hardware ne-software ezixhumana ngayo ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha. Okushiwo empeleni kuhilela izici ezimbili zale nqubo eyaziwa njengezinsizakalo ze-boot nezinsiza zokuqalisa. Izinsizakalo ze-boot zichaza ukuthi i-hardware izoqala kanjani isofthiwe noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokulayisha. Izinsizakalo ze-Runtime kuhilela empeleni ukweqa i-processor boot nokulayisha izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuqondile ku-UEFI. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kuthathe isenzo esifana nesistimu esebenzayo emisiwe ngokusungula isiphequluli.
Nakuba abaningi bebiza u-UEFI ukufa kwe-BIOS, uhlelo empeleni alusususi ngokuphelele i-BIOS kusuka kwi-hardware. Ukucaciswa kokuqala kwakungekho okunye okukhethwa kukho kwe-POST noma kokucushwa. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo ludinga iBIOS ukuze kufeze lezi zinhloso ezimbili. Umehluko wukuthi i-BIOS cishe ngeke ibe nezinga elifanayo lokulungiswa njengoba kungenzeka ezinkambisweni ezikhona ze-BIOS kuphela.
Izinzuzo Zika-UEFI
Inzuzo enkulu ye-UEFI ukuntuleka kwanoma yikuphi ukuncika kwezinto eziphathekayo. I-BIOS icacile ekwakhiweni kwe-x86 esetshenziswe kuma- PC iminyaka. Lokhu kungavumela ikhompyutha yomuntu ukuba isebenzise iprosesa evela kumthengisi ohlukile noma ongenalo ifa le-x86 lokukhokha kuyo. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela kumadivaysi afana namathebulethi noma ngisho ne-Microsoft Yokugcina elalibhujiswa nge-Windows RT esebenzisa iprosesa esekelwe i-ARM.
Enye inzuzo enkulu ku-UEFI yikhono lokuqalisa kalula izinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza ngaphandle kwesidingo se-bootloader efana ne-LILO noma i-GRUB. Esikhundleni salokho, i-UEFI ingazikhethela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwahlukana okufanele ne-system yokusebenza nokulayisha kuyo. Ukuze lokhu kufezeke noma kunjalo, kokubili i-hardware nesofthiwe kumele ibe nokusekela okufanelekile kwe-UEFI. Lokhu empeleni sekukhona kakade kuma-computer e-Apple asebenzisa i- Boot Camp ukuze ibe ne-Mac OS X ne-Windows elayini efanayo.
Okokugcina, i-UEFI izohlinzeka ngezixhumanisi eziningi zomsebenzisi ezinobungane kunamamenyu amadala we-BIOS. Lokhu kuzokwenza izinguquko ohlelweni lula kakhulu kumsebenzisi wokugcina ukwenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhombimsebenzisi sizovumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nesiphequluli sewebhu esisebenzisekayo noma iklayenti leposi ukuze imiswe ngokushesha kunokuba iqalise i-OS egcwele. Manje, amanye amakhompiyutha analo ikhono kodwa empeleni athola ngokusungula uhlelo oluhlukile olusebenzayo oluhlelwe ngaphakathi kwe-BIOS.
Izithako Ze-UEFI
Inkinga enkulu yabathengi nge-UEFI yi-hardware kanye nokwesekwa kwesofthiwe. Ukuze isebenze kahle, i-hardware kanye nesistimu yokusebenza kumele basebenzise kokubili ukucaciswa okufanele. Lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu nge-Windows yamanje noma i-Mac OS X okwamanje kodwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala ezifana ne-Windows XP azisekeli lokhu. Inkinga empeleni ingaphezulu kakhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, isofthiwe entsha esidinga izinhlelo ze-UEFI ingavimbela izinhlelo ezindala ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha.
Abasebenzisi abaningi bamandla abadlula ngaphezulu izinhlelo zabo zekhompyutha bangase badumale. Ukwengezwa kwe-UEFI kususa eziningi zezilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-BIOS esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukusebenza kakhulu kwiprosesa nenkumbulo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kwakuyinkinga enkulu nesizukulwane sokuqala se-UEFI hardware. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinto eziningi ze-hardware ezingenzelwe ukudlula ngokweqile ngeke zithole izici ezinjalo zokulungiswa kwamandla we-voltage noma we-multiplier kodwa i-hardware entsha entsha eyenzelwe lokhu inqobe lezi zinkinga.
Iziphetho
I-BIOS iye isebenza ngokuphumelelayo kakhulu ekusebenzeni amakhompiyutha abo eminyakeni engamashumi amabili naphezulu edlule. Sekufinyelele eziningana zokulinganiselwa okwenza kube nzima ukuqhubeka nokudala ubuchwepheshe obusha ngaphandle kokuletha ukusebenza okwengeziwe ngezinkinga. U-UEFI usetshenziselwe ukuthatha iningi lenqubo kusuka ku-BIOS futhi uyilungiselele umsebenzisi wokugcina. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa i-computing imvelo futhi idale imvelo engcono kakhulu. Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe ngeke kube ngaphandle kwezinkinga zalo kodwa kungase kube ngaphezu kwezimfuneko zefa ezihambisana nayo yonke ikhompyutha ye-BIOS.