Uzwa izwi ngaso sonke isikhathi kodwa ngokujulile: Kusho ukuthini?
Uma kuziwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhompyutha, i-platform isebenza njengesisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa nokusekelwa kwe-hardware nesofthiwe.
Konke okudalwe phezu kwesisekelo kusebenza ndawonye ngaphakathi kohlaka olufanayo. Njengalokhu, yesikhulumi ngasinye sinemithetho yayo, izindinganiso, nemingcele eyenza ukuthi iyiphi i-hardware / isofthiwe engakhiwa nokuthi ngamunye kufanele asebenze kanjani.
Amapulatifomu ephathekayo angaba:
- Izinhlelo zonke
- Izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye
- Ukungenelela
Amapulatifomu we-hardware, amapulatifomu wesofthiwe afana kakhulu, kodwa kulula ukuwasebenzisana nabasebenzisi. Kunengqondo, uma sinikeza uxhumano ngokujwayelekile nge-software / izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma ngabe i-hardware (isib. Amagundane, izikhibhodi, abaqaphi, izikrini zokuthinta) kusiza ukuhlanganisa igebe. Amapulatifomu we-Software awela ngaphansi kwezigaba ezijwayelekile ze:
- Isofthiwe yesistimu
- Isofthiwe yesicelo
Izinhlelo Zonke
Amapulatifomu ephathekayo angaba yiwo wonke amasistimu (ie ama-computing devices) njengama-mainframes, ama-workstations, ama-desktops, ama-laptops, amaphilisi, ama-smartphones, nokuningi. Ngayinye yalezi zimele ipulatifomu ye-hardware ngoba ngayinye inesimo sayo siqu, isebenza ngokuzimela kwezinye izinhlelo, futhi ikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsiza noma amasevisi (isib. Ukuqhuba isofthiwe / izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuxhuma kumadivayisi / intanethi, njll) kubasebenzisi, ikakhulukazi hhayi kulindeleke ukuklama kwangempela.
Izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye
Izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye, njenge- central processing unit (CPU) yamakhompyutha, nazo zibhekwa njengezingxenyekazi zehadiwe. Ama-CPU (isib. I-Intel Core, i-ARM Cortex, i-AMD APU) inezakhiwo ezihlukile ezikhomba ukusebenza, ukuxhumana, nokuxhumana nezinye izingxenye ezakha uhlelo lonke. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela i-CPU njengesisekelo esisekela i-motherboard, inkumbulo, i-disk drives, amakhadi wokunweba, amakhemitha, nesofthiwe. Ezinye izingxenye zingase zishintshane, noma zingahambisani, ngokuya ngohlobo, ifomu, nokuhambisana.
Ukungenelela
Ama-Interfaces, njenge- PCI Express , i- Speed Speed Graphics Port (AGP) , noma i-ISA yokwandisa izitebhisi, zingamapulatifomu okuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhadi angeziwe / okunwetshwayo. Amafomu e-interface ehlukene ahlukile, ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukufaka ikhadi le-PCI Express ibe yi-AGP noma i-ISA slot - khumbula ukuthi amapulatifomu abeka imithetho nemingcele. I-interface inikeza nokuxhumana, ukusekela, kanye nezinsiza ekhadini lokunweba elihlanganisiwe. Izibonelo zamakhadi wokunweba asebenzisa ukuxhumana okufana nalezi: ihluzo zevidiyo, umsindo / umsindo, amakheli e-inthanethi, amathrekhi e-USB, abalawuli be-serial ATA (SATA), nokuningi.
Isofthiwe yesistimu
Isofthiwe yesistimu yilokho okulawula ikhompyutha ngokukhipha izinqubo ngesikhathi esisodwa ngenkathi kulawulwa / ukuxhumanisa izinsiza eziningi ze-hardware ngokuhambisana nesofthiwe yesicelo. Izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zesofthiwe yesistimu ziyizinhlelo zokusebenza , ezifana (kodwa ezingagciniwe) Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android, iOS, ne-Chrome OS.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza njenge-platform ngokuhlinzeka imvelo esekela ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi nge-interfaces (isb. I-monitor, igundane, ikhibhodi, iphrinta, njll), ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlelo (isib. Ukuxhumana, Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, njll), futhi isofthiwe yesicelo.
Software Software
Isofthiwe yesicelo ihlanganisa zonke izinhlelo ezenzelwe ukufeza imisebenzi ethile kwikhompyutha - iningi alibhekwa njengamapulatifomu. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zesofthiwe yesicelo se-non-platform yilezi: izinhlelo zokuhlela isithombe, amaprosesa wezwi, amaspredishithi, abadlali bomculo, imiyalezo / izingxoxo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuxhumana zenhlalo, nokuningi.
Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu . Isihluthulelo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isofthiwe esibuzwayo siyasebenza njengokwesekwa okuthile okuzokwakhiwa kuyo. Ezinye izibonelo zesofthiwe yesicelo njengama-platforms yi:
- Iziphequluli zeWebhu (isib. I-Chrome, Safari, i-Internet Explorer) yizingxenyekazi zezinye izinhlelo ze-software, ezifana nama-plug-ins / party noma ama-themes wesithathu.
- Izingosi zokuxhumana zomphakathi , njenge-Facebook, zikhonza njengeziqephu lapho zixhasa izinhlelo zangaphandle, amathuluzi, kanye / noma amasevisi asebenzisana nezici ezisemqoka zesayithi. Lokhu kusebenza kokubili iwebhusayithi kanye ne-app yohlelo lokusebenza.
- Imidlalo yevidiyo esekela amamodi (nge-editor's game) nayo ibhekwa njengama-platforms. Amamodeli wegeyimu yevidiyo asebenzisa injini yemidlalo yevidiyo ekhona njengesisekelo sokwakha amabalazwe / amazinga adizayinwe ngumsebenzisi, abalingiswa, izinto, noma ngisho nomdlalo wonke wokuma.
Amakhuphoni wegeyimu yevidiyo
Izidakamizwa zegeyimu yevidiyo ziyizibonelo ezinhle ze-hardware nesofthiwe ehlangene ndawonye njengesikhulumi. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-console luyisisekelo esisekela umtapo wawo wezemidlalo ngokomzimba (isib. I-Nintendo cartridge yangempela ayihambisani nanoma yiziphi izinguqulo zamuva zezinhlelo zokudlala ze-Nintendo) kanye nedijithi (isib. Naphezu kokubili kuyifomethi ye-disc, umdlalo we-Sony PS3 uzo ungasebenzi ohlelweni lwe-Sony PS4 ngenxa yolimi / uhlelo lolimi).