Incazelo ye-PCI Express
I-PCI Express, ngokwezibalo ze- Peripheral Component Interconnect Express Express kepha ngokuvamile ibonakala ibhekwe njenge- PCI noma i- PCI-E , uhlobo olujwayelekile lokuxhumana kwamadivayisi angaphakathi kukhompyutha.
Ngokuvamile, i-PCI Express ibhekisela kumaphesenti okwenyuka okwenziwe ebhodini le- motherboard elamukela amakhadi wokunweba ase-PCIe kanye nezinhlobo zamakhadi wokwandisa ngokwawo.
I-PCI Express isuke ishintshile i- AGP ne-PCI, kokubili esikhundleni salo hlobo oludala kakhulu olusetshenziswa kakhulu olubizwa nge-ISA.
Ngenkathi ama-computer angaqukatha ukuxuba kwezinhlobonhlobo zezintambo zokunweba, i-PCI Express ibhekwa njengenhlangano ejwayelekile yangaphakathi. Amanethiwekhi omama amaningi wekhompuyutha namuhla akhiqizwa kuphela ngezintambo ze-PCI Express.
Isebenza kanjani nge-PCI Express?
Ngokufanayo namazinga amadala afana ne-PCI ne-AGP, idivayisi ye-PCI Express esekelwe (njengaleyo ekhonjiswe esithombeni kuleli khasi) amaslayidi ngokomzimba abe yi-slot PCI Express ebhodini le-motherboard.
I-interface ye-PCI Express ivumela ukukhulumisana okuphezulu kwe- bandwidth phakathi kwedivayisi nebhodi le-motherboard, kanye nezinye izinto zehadiwe .
Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, inguqulo yangaphandle ye-PCI Express ikhona futhi, ibizwa nge- External PCI Express ngaphandle kokumangalela kepha ngokuvamile ifinyelelwe ku- ePCIe .
Amadivayisi ePCIe, angaphandle, adinga ikhebula elikhethekile ukuxhuma noma yikuphi okuvela ngaphandle, i-ePCIe idivayisi esetshenziselwa ikhompyutha nge-ePCIe port, evame ukutholakala ngemuva kwekhompiyutha, ehlinzekwa ngebhodi le-motherboard noma ekhadini elikhethekile le-PCIe yangaphakathi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zekhadi le-PCI Express ekhona?
Ngenxa yesidingo semidlalo yamavidiyo esheshayo nangaphezulu nakakhulu namathuluzi wokuhlela ividiyo, amakhadi wevidiyo ayinhlobo yokuqala yamakhemikhali ekhompiyutha ukuze asebenzise ngokunenzuzo ukuthuthukiswa okunikezwa yi-PCIe.
Ngenkathi amakhadi wevidiyo elula kakhulu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwekhadi le-PCI, uzothola, amanye amadivaysi azuzwa ngokuxhumeka okusheshayo ku-motherboard, CPU , ne- RAM nayo iphinda ikhiqizwa ngokuxhumana kwe-PCI esikhundleni se-PCI.
Isibonelo, amakhadi amaningi aphezulu aphezulu asebenzisa manje i-PCI Express, njengenani elikhulayo lamakhadi wesibonakaliso senethiwekhi yocingo noma engenantambo.
Amakhadi omlawuli wedrayivu onzima angase azuze kakhulu ku-PCIe ngemuva kwamakhadi wevidiyo. Ukuxhuma i-SSD yokuhamba ngesivinini esiphezulu ku-interface ephezulu ye-bandwidth ivumela ukufundwa okusheshayo okuningi, nokubhalela ku-drive. Abanye abalawuli be-PCIe hard drive bafaka phakathi i-SSD eyakhiwe kuyo, iguqule ngokuphawulekayo ukuthi amadivaysi okugcina agcinwe kanjani ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha.
Yiqiniso ukuthi i-PCI ithatha i-PCI kanye ne-AGP ngokuphelele kuma-motherboards amasha, cishe zonke izinhlobo zekhadi lokukhulisa kwangaphakathi elithembele kulawo ma-interfaces amadala ahlelwa kabusha ukuze asekele i-PCI Express. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto ezifana namakhadi wokunweba kwe- USB , amakhadi we-Bluetooth, njll.
Yiziphi Amafomethi ehlukile we-PCI Express?
I-PCI Express x1 ... I- PCI Express 3.0 ... I- PCI Express x16 . Lisho ukuthini elithi 'x'? Utshela kanjani ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho isekela yiphi? Uma unekhadi le- PCI Express x1 kodwa une- PCI Express x16 kuphela , ingabe lokho kusebenza? Uma kungenjalo, yiziphi izinketho zakho?
Udidekile? Ungakhathazeki, awusiye wedwa!
Ngokuvamile akucaci neze uma uthengisa ikhadi lokunweba ikhompyutha yakho, njengekhadi levidyo elisha, yiziphi zobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene be-PCIe ezisebenza nekhompyutha yakho noma okungcono kunezinye.
Kodwa-ke, njengeyinkimbinkimbi njengoba konke kubukeka, empeleni kulula kakhulu uma uqonda izingcezu ezimbili ezibalulekile zolwazi mayelana ne-PCIe: ingxenye echaza usayizi wesimo, nengxenye echaza inguqulo yobuchwepheshe, kokubili kuchazwe ngezansi.
Ubukhulu be-PCI: x16 vs x8 vs x4 vs x1
Njengoba isihloko siphakamisa, inombolo ngemuva kwe-x ikhombisa usayizi wesimo sekhadi le-PCI noma i-slot, kanti i-x16 ibe enkulu kunazo zonke futhi i-x1 iba yincinjana.
Nakhu ukuthi ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene bunjwa kanjani:
| Inombolo yezikhonkwane | Ubude | |
| I-PCI Express x1 | 18 | 25 mm |
| I-PCI Express x4 | 32 | 39 mm |
| I-PCI Express x8 | 49 | 56 mm |
| I-PCI Express x16 | 82 | 89 mm |
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usayizi we-PCIe slot noma ikhadi, isitokisi esikhiye , leso sikhala esincane ekhadini noma slot, sisePhini 11 .
Ngamanye amazwi, ubude be-Pin 11 obugcina isikhathi eside njengoba usuka ku-PCIe x1 kuya ku-PCIe x16. Lokhu kuvumela ukuguquguquka okunye ukusebenzisa amakhadi wesayizi owodwa ngezinsika zomunye.
Ama-PCIe amakhadi afanele kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo se-PCIe ebhodini le-motherboard okungenani likhulu njengoba kunjalo. Isibonelo, ikhadi le-PCIe x1 lizohlangana nanoma iyiphi i-PCIe x4, PCIe x8, noma i-PCIe x16 slot. Ikhadi le-PCIe x8 lizohlangana nanoma iyiphi i-PCIe x8 noma i-PCIe x16 slot.
Ama-PCIe amakhadi amakhulu kunawo wonke ama-PCIe slot angafanelana ne-slot encane kodwa kuphela uma leyo slot ye-PCI isiphelile (okungukuthi ayinayo i-stopper ekugcineni kwesakhiwo).
Ngokuvamile, ikhadi elikhulu le-PCI Express noma i-slot lisekela ukusebenza okukhulu, kuthatha amakhadi amabili noma izintambo uma uqhathanisa ukwesekwa kwe-PCIe version efanayo.
Ungabona umdwebo ogcwele wokuphina ku-website ye-pinouts.ru.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PC: 4.0 vs 3.0 vs 2.0 vs 1.0
Noma yiliphi inombolo ngemuva kwe-PCIe oyitholayo kumkhiqizo noma ebhodini lomama libonisa inombolo yamuva yenguqulo ye-PCI Express esekelwe.
Nakhu ukuthi izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene ze-PCI Express ziqhathaniswa kanjani:
| I-Bandwidth (ngomzila ngamunye) | Ububanzi bomkhawulokudonsa (ngendlela ngayinye ku-slot x16) | |
| I-PCI Express 1.0 | I-2 Gbit / s (250 MB / s) | I-32 Gbit / s (4000 MB / s) |
| I-PCI Express 2.0 | I-4 Gbit / s (500 MB / s) | I-64 Gbit / s (8000 MB / s) |
| I-PCI Express 3.0 | I-7.877 Gbit / s (984.625 MB / s) | 126.032 Gbit / s (15754 MB / s) |
| I-PCI Express 4.0 | 15.752 Gbit / s (1969 MB / s) | 252.032 Gbit / s (31504 MB / s) |
Zonke izinguqulo ze-PCI Express zibuyela phambili futhi zihambelana zihambisana, okusho ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-PCIe khadi noma ibhodi lakho lisekela, kufanele basebenze ndawonye, okungenani ezingeni eliphansi.
Njengoba ungabona, ukubuyekezwa okukhulu kwezinga le-PCIe kwandise kakhulu ukwedlula umkhawulokudonsa okutholakala ngaso sonke isikhathi, okwandisa kakhulu amandla okuthi i-hardware exhunyiwe ingayenza kanjani.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinguqulo nakho kusetshenziswe izimbungulu, izici ezongeziwe, nokuphathwa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe, kodwa ukwanda kwendlela yokuhamba komkhawulo kuyinguquko ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphawula kusuka kwinguqulo kuya kwenguqulo.
Ukukhulisa ukuhambisana kwe-PCIe
I-PCI Express, njengoba ufunda ngobukhulu neziqephu ezingxenyeni ezingenhla, isekela kakhulu noma yikuphi ukucushwa ongacabanga. Uma ehambisana ngokomzimba, cishe isebenza ... okuyinhloko.
Into ebalulekile yokwazi, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ukuthola umkhawulokudonsa okwandayo (okuvame ukulingana nokusebenza okukhulu kakhulu), uzofuna ukukhetha inguqulo ephezulu kakhulu ye-PCIe ebhekene nebhodi lakho lebhodi lakho bese ukhetha usayizi omkhulu we-PCIe ozofanelana.
Isibonelo, i-PCIe 3.0 x16 yekhadi levidiyo izokunika ukusebenza okukhulu kunabo bonke, kodwa kuphela uma ibhodi lakho le-motherboard lisekela i-PCIe 3.0 futhi linamahhala we-PCIe x16. Uma i-motherboard yakho isekela kuphela i-PCIe 2.0, ikhadi lizosebenza kuphela kulesojubane esisekelwe (isib. 64 Gbit / s slot x16).
Amanethiwekhi wamabhodi amaningi namakhompyutha akhiwe ngo-2013 noma kamuva azosekela i-PCI Express v3.0. Hlola ibhodi lakho le-motherboard noma ikhompiyutha uma ungaqiniseki.
Uma ungakwazi ukuthola noma yiluphi ulwazi olucacile kwinguqulo ye-PCI ewusizo lwebhodi lakho le-motherboard, ngincoma ukuthenga ikhadi elikhulu le-PCI le-version enkulu kunazo zonke, uma nje lizovumelana, nakanjani.
Yini Eyoshintsha I-PCI?
Abathuthukisi begeyimu yevidiyo bahlale bebheke emidlalweni yokuklama evamile kodwa engakwenza lokho kuphela uma bengadlulisa idatha eyengeziwe kusuka kumageyimu wabo wegeyimu ku-headset yakho ye-VR noma kwesikrini sekhompyutheni futhi ukuxhumana okusheshayo kuyadingeka ukuze lokho kwenzeke.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-PCI Express ngeke iqhubeke nokubusa ngokukhululekile ekuzileni kwayo. I-PCI Express 3.0 iyashesha ngokumangalisayo, kodwa izwe lifuna ngokushesha.
I-PCI Express 5.0, ngenxa yokuthi igcwaliswe ngo-2019, izosekela umkhawulokudonsa we-31.504 GB / s ngomzila ngamunye (3938 MB / s), kabili okunikezwa yi-PCIe 4.0. Kunamanye amazinga angabonakali ama-interface e-non-PCIe abhekwa yimbonini yezobuchwepheshe kodwa njengoba ayedinga izinguquko ezinkulu ze-hardware, i-PCI ibheka ukuhlala umholi isikhathi esithile esizayo.