Yenzani Yonke Leyo Nhlobo Yefayili?
Uma ufunda lokho okudingekayo ukwakha ikhasi lewebhu, uzothola izinhlobo eziningi zamafayela. Ngisho noma amakhasi amaningi ewebhu asebenza kumaseva wewebhu akwa-Unix, njenge-Macs, awadingi izandiso zefayela, izandiso zegama lefayela zindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokwahlukanisa phakathi kwamafayela. Uma usubona igama lefayela kanye nesandiso, uyazi ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwefayela, ukuthi iseva yewebhu isebenzisa kanjani, nokuthi ungayifinyelela kanjani.
Izinhlobo Ezijwayelekile Zefayela
Amafayela avamile kunazo zonke kumaseva wewebhu:
- amakhasi ewebhu
- izithombe
- izikripthi
- izinhlelo
Amakhasi wewebhu
Kunezandiso ezimbili ezijwayelekile kumakhasi ewebhu:
.html
.htm
Ayikho umehluko phakathi kwalezi zandiso ezimbili, ungasebenzisa noma kumaseva amaningi wewebhu.
.html>
.html kwakuyi-extension yokuqala yamakhasi we-HTML kumishini ye-Unix yokusingatha iwebhu. Ikhomba noma yiliphi ifayela eliyi-HTML (noma i-XHTML).
.htm
i-.htm idalwe yi-Windows / DOS ngenxa yesidingo salo sokwandiswa kwefayela lezinhlamvu ezingu-3. Iphinde ibhekise amafayela we-HTML (no-XHTML), futhi ingasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi i-web server, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isebenza kanjani.
index.htm kanye ne-index.html
Leli khasi elizenzakalelayo kumhlahlandlela kumaseva amaningi wewebhu. Uma ufuna umuntu ukuba ahambe ekhasini lakho lewebhu, kodwa ungafuni ukuthi badonse igama lefayela, kufanele uqale igama le-index.html yekhasi lokuqala. Isibonelo http://thoughtco.com/index.htm sizoya endaweni efanayo ne-http://thoughtco.com/.
Amanye amaseva wewebhu abiza leli khasi "default.htm" futhi ungashintsha igama lefayela uma ufinyelela ukucushwa kwesiphakeli. Funda kabanzi mayelana namakhasi we-index.html
Iziphequluli eziningi zewebhu zingakwazi ukufaka izinhlobo ezimbili zezithombe zewebhu ngqo kusiphequluli, futhi uhlobo lwesithathu (PNG) luzuza ukwesekwa okuningi. Qaphela, kunezinye izakhiwo zesithombe ezinye iziphequluli ezisekelayo, kodwa lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zivame kakhulu.
.gif
Ifayela le-GIF linomfanekiso wesithombe owaqala ukuthuthukiswa yi-CompuServe. Kungcono kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezinemibala ephansi. Ihlinzeka ikhono "lokukhomba" imibala ezithombeni zakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi iqukethe imibala ephephile yewebhu kuphela noma i-palette encane yemibala futhi (enezithombe ezinemibala ephathekayo) yenza izithombe zibe zincane.
Ungadala futhi izithombe ezifakiwe usebenzisa amafayela we-GIF.
.jpg
Ifomethi yefayela ye-JPG noma ye-JPEG yenzelwe izithombe ezithombeni. Uma isithombe sinemifanekiso yezithombe, ngaphandle kwama-expanses wombala obala, kufanelekile ukuba ifayela le-jpg. Izithombe ezisindiswe njengefayela le-JPG zizobe zincane kunefayela elifanayo elondolozwe kwifomethi ye-GIF.
.png
I-PNG noma i-Portable Network Graphic iyifomethi yefayili yesithombe esenziwe ngewebhu. Inokunciphisa, umbala, nokukhanya okungcono kunamafayela we-GIF. Amafayili we-PNG akudingeki abe nesandiso se-.png, kodwa yileyo ndlela oyozibona ngayo njalo.
Isikhathi sokusebenzisa amafomethi we-JPG, GIF, noma we-PNG we-Web Images yakho
Ama-Scripts amafayela acindezela izenzo ezinamandla kumawebhusayithi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikripthi. Lezi zimbalwa ezimbalwa ezihambisana namawebhusayithi.
.cgi
I-CGI imelela Isikhombi Soxhumanoningi Esivamile. Ifayela le-.cgi ifayela elizosebenza kuseva yewebhu bese lixhumana nomsebenzisi web. Amafayela we-CGI angabhalwa ngezilimi eziningi zokuhlela, njengo-Perl, C, Tcl, nabanye. Ifayela le-CGI akudingeki libe nesandiso se-.cgi, ungase ubone nabo / ama-directory we-cgi-bin kumawebhusayithi.
.pl
Lesi sandiso sibonisa ifayela le-Perl. Ama-server amaningi wewebhu azosebenzisa ifayela le-.pl njenge-CGI.
.js
Ifayela le-.js iyifayela leJavaScript. Ungakwazi ukulayisha amafayela akho e-JavaScript ekhasini lewebhu ngokwayo, noma ungabhala i-JavaScript bese uyibeka efayeleni yangaphandle bese ulilayisha ukusuka lapho. Uma ubhala i-JavaScript yakho kukhasi lewebhu ngeke ubone isandiso se-.js, njengoba sizoba yingxenye yefayela le-HTML.
.java noma .class
I-Java iyilimi oluhle kakhulu lohlelo oluvela eJavaScript. Futhi lezi zandiso ezimbili zivame ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zeJava. Ngenkathi cishe ngeke uhlangabezane nefayela le-.java noma .class ekhasini lewebhu, lawa mafayela avame ukusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ama-applet weJava kumakhasi wewebhu.
Ekhasini elilandelayo uzofunda mayelana ne-server-side scripts ejwayelekile kakhulu kumakhasi wewebhu.
Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zefayela ongazibona kumaseva wewebhu. Lawa mafayela avame ukukunika amandla amaningi nokuguquguquka kwiwebhusayithi yakho.
.php no .php3
Isandiso se-.php sithandwa njenge-.html noma i-.htm kumakhasi wewebhu. Lesi sandiso sibonisa ikhasi le-PHP. I-PHP uhlelo lwe-web scripting oluletha umbhalo, ama-macros, futhi lufaka phakathi kuwebhusayithi yakho.
.shtm kanye .shtml
Ukwandiswa kwe- .shtml kubonisa ifayela le-HTML okufanele libhekwe nomhumushi we-SSI.
I-SSI imele i-Server Side ifaka phakathi. Lezi zikuvumela ukuba ufake ikhasi elilodwa lewebhu ngaphakathi kwelinye, futhi ufake izenzo ezinjenge-macro kumawebhusayithi wakho.
.asp
Ifayela le-.asp libonisa ukuthi ikhasi lewebhu liyisiphequluli se-Active Active. I-ASP inikeza scripting, macros, futhi ifaka amafayela kuwebhusayithi. Ibuye inikeze ukuxhumaniseka kwedatha nokuningi okuningi. Ivame ukutholakala kuma-server web Windows.
.cfm kanye .cfml
Lezi zinhlobo zefayela zibonisa ukuthi ifayela liyifayela le-ColdFusion. I-ColdFusion iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuphathwa kokuqukethwe okuqukethwe kwiseva eliletha ama-macros, iskripthi, nokuningi emakhasini akho ewebhu.