Ukuqhathanisa izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zoMbonakude weWebhu yeDivaysi
Umklamo wewebhu we-responsive futhi oguquguqukayo yizo zombili izindlela zokwakha amawebusayithi amaningi anobungane abasebenza kahle ezinhlobonhlobo zobukhulu beskrini. Ngenkathi isakhiwo sewebhu esabelayo sinconywa yi-Google futhi sithandwa kakhulu kulezi zindlela ezimbili, zombili lezi zindlela ze-design web multi-device zinezikhwepha zabo nobubuthakathaka babo.
Ake sibuke umehluko phakathi kokuklama kwewebhu okuphendulayo nokuguquguqukayo, ngokugxila kulezi zindawo eziyinhloko:
- Ukukhululeka kwentuthuko
- Izinga lokulawula onakho phezu komklamo
- Isinkwa sokusekelwa kwedivayisi / kwesikrini
- Yeka ukuthi ikusasa elinomusa kanjani ikhambi
- Isivinini esikhulu sokulanda nokusebenza kwesayithi
Ezinye Izincazelo
Ngaphambi kokuba singene ekuqhathaniseni kwethu nohlangothi lwe-web design esabelayo futhi eguquguqukayo, ake sithathe isikhashana ukubuka incazelo ephakeme yezinga lalezi zindlela ezimbili.
Amawebhusayithi axhumayo anesakhiwo samanzi eshintsha futhi shintshashintsha kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isayizi yesikrini sisetshenziswa kanjani. Imibuzo yemidiya ivumela amasayithi avumayo ukuthi aguquke "ezindizeni" uma isiphequluli sishintshiwe.
Idizayini ephathekayo isebenzisa ubukhulu obungaguquki obusekelwe kumaphuzu okuhlukaniswa kwangaphambi kokunqunyelwa ukuletha inguqulo yesakhiwo efanelekayo yesayizi yesikrini etholakala lapho ikhasi liqala ukulayisha.
Ngalokhu kuchazwa kabanzi, ake sibheke ezindaweni zethu eziyinhloko zokugxila.
Ukukhululeka Kwentuthuko
Umehluko obaluleke kunazo zonke phakathi kokuklanywa kwewebhu okuphendulayo nokuguquguqukayo kungendlela lezi zixazululo ezisetshenziswa ngayo iwebhusayithi. Ngenxa yokuthi umklamo ophendulayo udala isakhiwo somswakama ngokuphelele, kusetshenziswe kangcono kumaphrojekthi lapho uvuselela kabusha isayithi kusuka phansi . Ukuzama ukuvuselela ikhodi yewebhu ekhona ukuze uphendule kuyinto evusa amadlingozi ngoba awunayo izinga lokulawula ongaba nalo uma uthuthukisa leyo khodi kusukela ekuqaleni bese uthatha umklamo ophendulayo ngokulandelana ngezinyathelo zokuqala zaleso nqubo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uvuselela isayithi ukuthi uphendule, uphoqeleka ukuba wenze ukuyekethisa ukuze uhlale ngaphakathi kwekhodi ekhona.
Uma usebenza ngewebhusayithi ehleliwe ngokubanzi, indlela eguquguqukayo isho ukuthi ungashiya usayizi ukuthi isayithi laklanyelwe ukuba lihambelane futhi lengeze ezinqamulelwaneni ezithintekayo ezengeziwe uma kudingeka. Kwezinye izimo, uma isabelomali sephrojekthi sincane, futhi uma sizofaka kuphela inani elincane lomsebenzi wokuthuthukiswa, ungakhetha ukwengeza kuphela ama-breakpoints amasha ukuze uthole ubukhulu beskrini / ubukhulu bomakhalekhukhwini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzovumela zonke izikrini ezinkulu ukuba zisebenzise isakhiwo esifanayo - mhlawumbe ingu-960 version breakpoint eyayiyinto eyakhelwe ekuqaleni.
Ukwehliswa kwendlela yokuguquguquka ukuthi ungasebenzisa kangcono ikhodi yesayithi ekhona, kodwa enye yezinsizakalo ukuthi udala ama-templates ahlukene ahlukene ekukhethweni okukhethayo ukusekela. Lokhu okuyoba nomthelela emsebenzini odingekayo ukuthuthukisa nokugcina lesi sombululo esikhathini eside.
Ukulawulwa Kwemiklamo
Enye yamandla amawebhusayithi aphendulayo ukuthi ukukhanya kwawo kubenza bakwazi ukuvumelanisa nokusekela zonke izibuko zesikrini ngokuphambene nezinkomba zangaphambi kokusetha ezenzelwe indlela eguquguqukayo. Kodwa-ke, okuyiqiniso ukuthi izindawo eziphendulayo zingase zibukeke kahle ezinkampanini ezithile zesikrini (ngokujwayelekile ubukhulu obuhambisana namadivayisi athandwayo atholakalayo emakethe), kodwa ukuklama okubukwayo kuvame ukwehla phakathi kwalezi zinqumo ezidumile.
Isibonelo, isayithi lingase libukeke lihle ekuhlelweni kwesikrini esikhulu samaphikseli angu-1400, usayizi weskrini phakathi kwamaphikseli angu-960, futhi ukubukeka kwesikrini esincane ku-pixels angu-480, kodwa kuthiwani phakathi kwezizwe zalezi zikhulu? Njengomklami, awunakho ukulawula okungekho phakathi kwamasayizi angaphakathi nobukeka obubonakalayo bekhasi kulawo masayizi kaningi kuncane kunokuba kube kuhle.
Ngenwebhusayithi eguquguqukayo, unokulawula okunamandla okuningi phezu kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenzisiwe ngoba zilinganiselwe ngobukhulu obusekelwe emaqenjini akho amisiwe. Lokho okungahambi kahle phakathi kwezwe akuyona inkinga futhi ngoba usuhlele ngokucophelela "ukubukeka" ngakunye (okusho ukubonisa ngakunye kwe-breakpoint) okuzokwenziwa kuzivakashi.
Njengoba ekhangayo njengoba leli zinga lokulawula ukuklama lizwakala, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi liza ngentengo. Yebo, ulawula ngokugcwele konke okubukeka ngakho, kodwa lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele utshale isikhathi sokuklama esidingekayo ukuklama ngayinye yalezo zakhiwo eziyingqayizivele. Izikhathi eziningi ozikhethayo ukuzakhela, isikhathi esiningi ozodinga ukuyisebenzisa kule nqubo.
Isinkwa sosizo
Kokubili ukuhlelwa kwewebhu okuphendulayo nokuguquguqukayo kujabulela ukusekelwa okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kuziphequluli zanamuhla.
Amawebhusayithi adaptive adinga noma izingxenye zecala leseva noma i-Javascript yokuthola usayizi weskrini. Ngokusobala, uma isayithi eguquguqukayo idinga i-Javascript, kusho ukuthi isiphequluli sidinga ukuba sikwazi ukuyenza ukuze leyo sayithi isebenze kahle. Lokhu kungase kungakhathazeki kakhulu ngoba abantu abaningi bazoba ne-Javascript kuziphequluli zabo, kodwa noma kunini lapho isayithi lincike kakhulu kunoma yini, kufanele kuqashelwe.
Amawebhusayithi axhumayo nemibuzo yemidiya eyawasebenzisa iyosebenza kahle kuzo zonke iziphequluli zanamuhla. Izinkinga kuphela ozothola zinezinguqulo ezindala kunazo zonke ze-Internet Explorer njengoba izinguqulo ezingu-8 nangaphansi azisekeli imibuzo yemidiya . Ukuze usebenze ngalokhu , i-polyfill ye-Javascript ivame ukusetshenziswa , okusho ukuthi kuncike ku-Javascript lapha futhi, okungenani kulezi zinguqulo ezishicilelwe ze-IE. Futhi, lokhu kungase kungakhathazeki kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isayithi lakho le-analytics libonisa ukuthi awutholi izivakashi eziningi usebenzisa lezo zinguqulo ezindala zesiphequluli.
Ubuhlobo besikhathi esizayo
Uhlobo oluthile lwamanzi amawebhusayithi aphendulayo lunikeza inzuzo ngaphezu kwamasayithi afanelekayo uma kuziwa ebuhlotsheni obuzayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezo zindawo eziphendulayo azakhiwanga ukufaka kuphela isethi yamaphakheji asetshenziswe ngaphambilini. Bajwayele ukuvumelanisa zonke izikrini , kufaka phakathi lezo ezingase zingabi emakethe namuhla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingosi zokuphendula ngeke zidingeke "zilungiswe" uma isinqumo esisha se-screen ngokuzumayo sithandwa.
Uma ubheka izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezibonakalayo ku-landscape yedivayisi (ngo-Agasti 2015, kwakukhona amadivaysi angaphezu kuka-24,000 we-Android emakethe), ukuba nesayithi elenza konke okusemandleni ukubhekana nalezi zibuko ezahlukene kakhulu kubaluleke kakhulu ekubambeni ubuhlobo besikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimo sezwe asikwazi ukuthola okungafani kakhulu esikhathini esizayo, okusho ukuthi ukuklama izikrini ezithile noma ubukhulu ngeke kwenzeke, uma singakafiki kakade lelo qiniso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalesi simo sokufanisa, uma isayithi lishintsha futhi lingenayo izinqumo ezintsha ezingaba zibalulekile ezimakethe, khona-ke ungaphoqeleka ukuba ungeze lokho okushiwo amawebhusayithi owawudalile. Lokhu kwengeza isikhathi sokuklama nokuthuthukiswa emisebenzini futhi kusho ukuthi lezo zingosi eziguquguqukayo kumele zihlolwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi awekho ama-breakpoints amasha asethwe emakethe okufanele afakwe kusayithi. Nakulokhu, uma idivaysi ihlukahluka, kufanele ihlolwe njalo ngamasayizi amasha futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ubanikeze ngezigaba ezintsha kuyinselelo eqhubekayo ezoba nethonya emsebenzini okufanele usebenze isayithi kanye nezindleko zalokhu kugcinwa inkampani noma inhlangano ukuthi isayithi likuphi.
Ukusebenza
Isiklomelo sewebhu esiphenduleyo sesimangalelwa isikhathi eside (ngokungalungile ezimweni eziningi) sokuba yisisombululo esimpofu esivela kumbono wokulanda / ukusebenza. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi ezinsukwini zakudala zale ndlela, abakhiqizi bewebhu abaningi bamane bethola imibuzo encane yemidiya yesikrini kwi-CSS ekhona yesayithi. Lokhu kwaphoqelela izithombe nezisetshenziswa ezihloselwe ukuthi izikrini ezinkulu zihanjiswe kuwo wonke amadivayisi, ngisho noma lezo zikrini ezincane azizisebenzisanga ezakhiweni zazo zokugcina. Umklamo ohlangene usukile isikhathi eside kusukela ngalezo zinsuku futhi iqiniso liwukuthi izingosi ezithinta izinga eliphezulu namuhla azihlupheki ngezinkinga zokusebenza.
Isivinini esincane sokulanda kanye namawebusayithi avaliwe akuyona inkinga yewebhu yokusabela - kuyinkinga engatholakala kuwo wonke amawebhusayithi. Izithombe ezisindayo kakhulu, zondla kusuka kumithombo yezokuxhumana, izikripthi ezithintekayo nokuningi futhi zikala phansi isayithi phansi, kodwa kokubili amawebhusayithi aphendule futhi aguquguqukayo angakhiwa ukuze alayishe ngokushesha. Yiqiniso , zingakhiwa ngendlela engenzi ukwenza umsebenzi kuqala, kodwa lokhu akuyona inkinga yesisombululo ngokwayo, kodwa kunalokho kubonisa iqembu elihilelekile ekuthuthukiseni isayithi ngokwayo.
Ngaphandle kwe-Layout
Esinye sezici eziphoqelela kakhulu ukuklanywa kwewebhu okuguquguqukayo ukuthi awugcini nje kuphela ukulawula ukwakhiwa kwesayithi yezinqamuleli zokusetha, kodwa futhi nezinsiza ezithunyelwa kulezo zinguqulo zesayithi. Isibonelo, lokhu kusho ukuthi izithombe ze-retina zingathunyelwa kuphela kumadivaysi we-retina, kuyilapho izikrini ezingekho ze-retina zithola izithombe ezifanele kakhulu ezincane esayizi wefayela. Ezinye izinsiza zesayithi (amafayela we-Javascript, izitayela ze-CSS, njll) zingafakwa ngokuhlakanipha uma zidingeka futhi zizosetshenziswa.
Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuklanywa kwewebhu okuguquguqukayo kudlula kakhulu ukulingana okulula kokuthi "uma ubuyela kabusha iwebhusayithi, ukuguquguquka kungaba yindlela elula yokuyisebenzisa." Wonke amasayithi, kufaka phakathi ukulungiswa kabusha okuphelele, angazuza ngendlela ehlakaniphile ekuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangene nakho.
Lesi simo sibonisa isimo esibucayi salo mpikiswano "evumelana nokuphendula". Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi indlela eguquguqukayo ingase ibe ngcono kangcono kunokuphendula ngokubuyisela indawo, ingaba yisisombululo esikhulu sokuvuselelwa okugcwele. Ngokufanayo, kwezinye izimo indlela yokuphendula ingangeniswa kwi-code-base-base-code base-site, inikeza leyo sayithi zonke izinzuzo zokuphendula ngokugcwele.
Iyiphi indlela engcono?
Uma kuziwa ekuziphendukeni kwe-web design eguquguqukayo, akukho "ophumelelayo" ocacile, nakuba ukuphendula ngokuqinisekile kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu. Eqinisweni, indlela "engcono" ixhomeke ezidingweni zeprojekthi ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akudingeki ukuba kube "noma / noma" isimo. Kukhona ochwepheshe abaningi bewebhu abakha izingosi ezihlanganisa i-web design enhle kakhulu yokuphendula (ububanzi be-fluid, ukwesekwa kwesikhathi esizayo) ngamandla womklamo wokulungisa (ukulawula okungcono kokuklama, ukulayisha okuhlakaniphile kwezinsiza zesayithi).
Ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-RESS (I-Responsive Web Design ne-Side Side Components), le ndlela ibonisa ukuthi akukho "usayizi owodwa ohambisana nayo yonke isisombululo." Kokubili ukuklayiza kwewebhu nokwenza okuguquguqukayo kunamandla abo nezinselele zabo, ngakho-ke kudingeka ninqume ukuthi iyiphi uzosebenza kangcono iphrojekthi yakho ethize, noma uma isisombululo se-hybrid singakuthanda kakhulu.