NAME
umzila - bonisa / sebenzisa ithebula le- IP yokuhamba
SYNOPSIS
umzila [ -CFvnee ]
umzila
[ -v ] [ -Umkhaya ] engeza [ -net | -host ] [ netmask Nm] [ gw Gw] [ metric N] [ mss M] [ iwindi W] [ irtt I] [ wenqaba ] [ mod ] [ dyn ] [ buyisela ] [[ dev ] Uma]
umzila
[ -v ] [ -Umkhaya ] del [ -net | -host ] [ gw Gw] [ netmask Nm] [i- metric N] [[ dev ] Uma]
umzila
[ -V ] [ --version ] [ -h ] [ --help ]
DESCRIPTION
Umzila ulawula amatafula we- IP kernel. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko ukusetha imizila eqondile kuya kubanikazi abathile noma amanethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi ngemuva kokuhlelwa uhlelo lwe- ifconfig (8).
Uma izinketho zengezo noma ze- delta zisetshenzisiwe, umzila ulungisa amatafula okuhambisa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okukhethwa kukho, umzila ubonisa okuqukethwe kwamanje amatafula wokuhlela.
AMAKHONO
-Umndeni
sebenzisa umndeni wekheli elichaziwe (isb. `inet '; sebenzisa' umzila --help 'uhlu olugcwele).
-F
sebenzisa ithebula lokuhamba nge-FIB (i-Forwarding Information Base) le-kernel. Lokhu okuzenzakalelayo.
-C
sebenzisa ku- cache yokumisa ikhompiyutha .
-v
khetha ukusebenza kwe-verbose.
-n
khombisa amakheli wezinombolo esikhundleni sokuzama ukuthola amagama angamaphathi angokomfanekiso. Lokhu kuyasiza uma uzama ukunquma ukuthi kungani indlela eya kumagama wakho we-nameserver iphelile.
-e
sebenzisa i- netstat (8) -indlela yokubonisa ithebula lokuhambisa. -ee izokwenza umugqa omude kakhulu nawo wonke amapharamitha kusuka kuthebula lokuhambisa.
i-del
susa umzila.
engeza
engeza umzila omusha.
umgomo
inethiwekhi yendawo noma umhlangano. Unganikeza amakheli e- IP kumadayimenti atholakala kumadayimenti noma ama- host / yenethiwekhi .
-net
i- target iyinethiwekhi.
-host
i- target is host.
I-NM ye-netmask
lapho ungeza umzila wenethiwekhi, i-netmask okufanele isetshenziswe.
gw GW
amaphakethe emigwaqo ngesango. QAPHELA: Isango elicacisiwe kumele lifinyeleleke kuqala. Ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi kufanele uhlele umzila ozoya esangweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma ucacisa ikheli lenye yezingaphakathi zakho zendawo, izosetshenziselwa ukunquma mayelana ne-interface lapho amaphakethe okufanele ahanjiswe khona. Lokhu kuyingozi ye-BSDism yokuhambisana.
I-metric M
setha insimu yemetric etafuleni lokuhlela (esetshenziselwa ama-daemon).
mss M
setha i-TCP Maximum Segment Size (MSS) yokuxhumanisa ngale ndlela eya ku-M bytes. Okuzenzakalelayo yi-device ye-MTU minus headus, noma i-MTU ephansi ngenkathi kutholakala indlela umuntu athola ngayo. Lesi silungiselelo singasetshenziselwa ukuphoqa amaphakethe amancane we-TCP ngakolunye uhlangothi uma indlela yokuthola umuntu ingasebenzi (ngokuvamile ngenxa yeziqhumane ezingaqondakali ezivimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ICMP)
iwindi W
setha usayizi wewindi we-TCP ukuze uxhumeke kulo mzila ukuya ku-W bytes. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kuphela kumanethiwekhi akwa-AX.25 futhi nabashayeli abakwazi ukubuyisela emuva kumafremu emuva.
Irtt I
setha isikhathi sokuqala sokujikeleza (irtt) sokuxhumana kwe-TCP ngale ndlela ukuya kuma-millisecond (1-12000). Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuphela kuma-AX.25 amanethiwekhi. Uma ngabe ukushiywe okungahleliwe kwe-RFC 1122 kwezingu-300ms isetshenziswa.
wenqaba
faka umzila wokuvimbela, ozophoqelela ukuvula umzila ukuhluleka. Lokhu yisibonelo esetshenziselwa ukufihla amanethiwekhi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umzila ozenzakalelayo. Lokhu akusikho ukucima umlilo.
mod, dyn, buyisela kabusha
faka indlela eguquguqukayo noma eguquliwe. Lezi zifulegi zenzelwe izinhloso zokuxilonga, futhi ngokuvamile zihlelwe yizidakamizwa zokuhambisa.
dev Uma
qinisa umzila okumele uhlotshaniswe nedivayisi ecacisiwe, njengoba i-kernel izama ukuzama ukunquma idivayisi ngokwayo (ngokuhlola imizila ekhona kakade kanye nezinkomba zedivayisi, futhi lapho umzila ungeze khona). Ezingxenyeni eziningi ezijwayelekile ngeke udinga lokhu.
Uma dev Uma kuyindlela yokugcina emgqeni womyalo, igama dev lingashiywa, njengoba lizenzakalelayo. Uma kungenjalo ukuhlelwa komhleli wendlela (i-metric - netmask - gw - dev) akunandaba.
EXAMPLES
engeza umzila -net 127.0.0.0
ungeza ukungena okujwayelekile okujwayelekile, usebenzisa i-netmask 255.0.0.0 (isigaba A inetha, esinqunywe kusuka ekhelini eliya khona) futhi ehlotshaniswa nedivayisi "lo" (kuthatha ukuthi le divayisi ihlelwe ngokucacile kahle ne- ifconfig (8)).
engeza umzila -net 192.56.76.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
ungeza umzila wenethiwekhi 192.56.76.x nge "eth0". I-Class C netmask modifier ayifuni ngempela lapha ngoba 192. * ikheli le-IP C. Igama elithi "dev" lingasuswa lapha.
umzila engeza okuzenzakalelayo gw mango-gw
ungeza umzila ozenzakalelayo (ozosetshenziselwa uma kungekho eminye imingcele yomzila). Wonke amaphakethe asebenzisa lo mzila azofakwa "nge-mango-gw". Idivaysi ezosetshenziswa ngempela kulowo mzila incike ekutheni singafinyelela kanjani "mango-gw" - umzila oqondile oya ku "mango-gw" kuzodingeka usethe ngaphambi.
engeza umzila ipx4 sl0
Yengeza umzila "ipx4" umhlangano nge interface SLIP (ecabanga ukuthi "ipx4" yilona host SLIP).
engeza umzila -net 192.57.66.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw ipx4
Lo myalo uneza inetha elithi "192.57.66.x" ukuze lihanjiswe ngomzila wangaphambili ukuya esibhedlela se-SLIP.
ukwengeza umzila -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0
Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi ebhalwe phansi ngakho abantu bayakwazi ukukwenza. Lokhu kubeka yonke imizila ye-class D (multicast) ye-IP ukuze ihambe nge "eth0". Lona umugqa olungiselelwe ojwayelekile wokucushwa nge-kernel ehlukahlukene.
ukwengeza komzila -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 wenqaba
Lokhu kufaka umzila wokulahla wenethiwekhi yangasese "10.xxx"
I-OUTPUT
Ukukhishwa kwetafula le-kernel yokuhleleka kuhlelwe kulezi zikholomu ezilandelayo
Indawo
Indawo yokuxhumana yenethiwekhi noma indawo yokuya kuyo.
Isango
Ikheli lesango noma '*' uma kungekho okubekiwe.
I-Genmask
I-netmask ye-net destination; '255.255.255.255' yendawo yokuhlala futhi '0.0.0.0' yomzila ozenzakalelayo .
Amafulegi
Amafulege akhona angabandakanya
U (umzila uvukile )
H (i-target is host )
G (sebenzisa isango )
R ( buyisela indlela yokuhleleka okunamandla)
D (i-daemon efakwe ngokuzenzekelayo noma iqondise kabusha)
M ( ukuguqulwa kusuka ku-daemon yokuhambisa noma ukuqondisa kabusha)
A (efakwe nge- addrconf )
C (ukufakwa kwe- cache )
! ( wenqaba umzila)
I-Metric
'Ibanga' elibhekiswe kulitshe (ngokuvamile libalwe). Ayisetshenziselwa ama-kernels wakamuva, kodwa kungadingeka ngezidakamizwa zokuhlela.
I-ref
Inombolo yezikhombisi zalo mzila. (Akusetshenzisiwe ku-kernel ye-Linux.)
Sebenzisa
Ukubala kwe-lookups yomzila. Kuye ukusetshenziswa kwe -F and -C lokhu kuzoba yindlela yokugcina i-cache (-F) noma i-hits (-C).
Iface
Isikhombisi sokuthi amaphakethe alo mzila azothunyelwa.
I-MSS
Usayizi osayizi wokugcina wesitoreji wokuxhumana kwe-TCP ngale ndlela.
Iwindi
Usayizi wefasitela wangaphandle wexhumano lwe-TCP ngale ndlela.
Irtt
I-RTT yokuqala (Round Trip Time). I-kernel isebenzisa lokhu ukuqagela mayelana nemingcele engcono kakhulu ye-TCP protocol ngaphandle kokulinda (izimpendulo ezisheshayo).
I-HH (igcinwe kuphela)
Inani lezingeniso ze-ARP nemigwaqo egciniwe ebhekisela kwisilondolozi sekhanda se-hardware emgwaqweni ogciniwe. Lokhu kuzoba yi--1 uma ikheli le-hardware lingadingeki ku-interface yendlela emisiwe (isib. Lo).
I-Arp (igcinwe kuphela)
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikheli le-hardware lemininingwane egciniwe lisesikhathini noma cha.
BONA FUTHI
Okubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalo womuntu ( % umuntu ) ukuze ubone ukuthi umyalo usetshenziswe kanjani kukhompyutha yakho ethile.