Itafula le-router (ebizwa nangokuthi ithebula lokuhamba) ligcinwe idatha esetshenziselwa izinethiwekhi zenethiwekhi ye- TCP / IP ukubala izindawo zemilayezo abanomthwalo wokudlulisela. Itafula le-router iyi-database encane e-memory elawulwa yi-hardware eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ne-software.
Ama-Entries e-Router Namakhosi
Amatafula e-router aqukethe uhlu lwamakheli e- IP . Ikheli ngalinye ohlwini lukhomba router esinqunyiwe (noma enye isango lenethiwekhi ) ukuthi i-router yendawo ilungele ukuqaphela.
Kwikheli ngalinye le-IP, ithebula le-router ngokungeziwe ligcina i- mask yenethiwekhi kanye neminye imininingwane ecacisa amakheli ekheli le-IP lapho idivaysi eyikude iyokwamukela.
Amanethiwekhi enethiwekhi yasekhaya asebenzisa ithebula elincane kakhulu lomzila ngoba amane adlulisele wonke umgwaqo ophumayo ku- Gateway Service Provider (ISP) esithatha zonke izinyathelo zokuhamba. Amatafula e-home router ngokuvamile aqukethe okufakiwe okungu-10 noma okumbalwa. Ngokuqhathanisa, ama-routers amakhulu kunazo zonke ezingumgogodla we-intanethi kufanele agcine ithebula eligcwele le- intanethi eliqukethe okufakiwe okungamakhulu ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu. (Bheka umbiko we-CIDR wezibalo zakamuva zokuhamba nge-Intanethi.)
I-Dynamic vs. Ukuhamba kwe-Static
Ama-routers asekhaya ahlela amatafula abo okuzenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo uma axhunyiwe kumnikezeli we-intanethi, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlelwa kwemimoya . Bakhiqiza ukungena kwetafula elilodwa kumaseva we-DNS omhlinzeki wesevisi (primary, secondary and high if they are available) kanye nokungena okulodwa kokuhamba phakathi kwamakhompyutha asekhaya.
Zingase zenze imizila eminingana eyengeziwe yamanye amacala akhethekile afaka phakathi imizila eminingi kanye nokusakaza .
Amanye ama-router wenethiwekhi yokuhlala akuvimbela ukuthi ungaphathi ngesandla noma uguqule ithebula lomzila. Noma kunjalo, ama-routers ebhizinisi avumela abaphathi benethiwekhi ukuba bavuselele ngesandla noma baphathe amatafula okuhamba.
Lokhu okuthiwa ukuhlelwa kwe-static kungasiza uma ulungiselela ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi nokuthembeka. Enethiwekhi yomkhaya, ukusetshenziswa kwemigwaqo ye-static akudingeki ngaphandle kwezimo ezingavamile (njengalapho kusetha ama-subnetworks amaningi kanye nomzila wesibili).
Ukubuka Okuqukethwe kweTable Tables
Ezingxenyeni zokuhamba ekhaya, ukuhanjiswa kwetafula lokuhambisa ngokuvamile kuboniswa esikrinini ngaphakathi kwekhonsoli yokuphatha. Isibonelo setafula le-IPv4 siboniswa ngezansi.
| Indawo ye-LAN IP | I-Subnet Mask | Isango | Isikhombisi-ndlela |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0.0.0 | 0.0.0.0 | xx.yyy.86.1 | I-WAN (Inthanethi) |
| xx.yyy.86.1 | 255.255.255.255 | xx.yyy.86.1 | I-WAN (Inthanethi) |
| xx.yyy.86.134 | 255.255.255.255 | xx.yy.86.134 | I-WAN (Inthanethi) |
| 192.168.1.0 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.1.101 | I-LAN ne-Wireless |
Kulesi sibonelo, ukufakwa kokubili kokubili kumelela imizila kumakheli wesango le-Inthanethi ('xx' ne'yyy 'amelela amanani wangempela ekheli le-IP afihliwe ngenhloso yalesi sihloko). Ingeniso yesithathu ibonisa indlela eya kubhekene ne-IP yomphakathi ebhekene nomphakathi eyabelwe umhlinzeki. Okungenayo kokugcina kubonisa umzila kuwo wonke amakhompyutha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yasendlini eya ku-router ekhaya, lapho i-router inekheli le-IP 192.168.1.101.
Emakhompyutheni e-Windows ne-Unix / Linux, umyalo we- netstat -r ubonisa futhi okuqukethwe kwetafula le-router elihlelwe kukhompyutha yendawo.