Ezingxenyeni zekhompyutha, i- backbone iyidayimenti ephakathi eyenzelwe ukudlulisa ithrekhi yenethiwekhi ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ama-backbones axhuma amanethiwekhi wendawo wendawo (ama-LAN) namanethiwekhi omhlaba wendawo (ama-WANs) ndawonye. Ama-backbase wenethiwekhi aklanyelwe ukwandisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwezokuxhumana okude kakhulu, ukuxhumana kwedatha elide. I-backbones ye-network eyaziwa kakhulu yilabo asetshenziswa ku-inthanethi.
I-Internet Backbone Technology
Cishe zonke ukuphequlula iwebhu, ukusakaza kwevidiyo, kanye nokunye ukuhamba kwe-inthanethi evamile kugeleza nge-intanethi ye-intanethi. Zinezinhlelo zokuxhumana nezinethiwekhi ezixhunywe ikakhulukazi ngamakhodi we- fiber optic (nakuba ezinye izingxenye ze- Ethernet ezixhumaneni eziphansi ze-traffic backbone zikhona). Isixhumanisi ngasinye se-fiber esikhungweni somugqa ngokuvamile sihlinzeka nge- Gbps eyi-100 ye- bandwidth yenethiwekhi . Amakhomphyutha ajwayelekile ukuxhuma emhlane. Esikhundleni salokho, amanethiwekhi abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze- intanethi noma izinhlangano ezinkulu zixhuma kulezi zinkimbinkimbi kanye namakhompyutha afinyelela emhlane ngokungaqondile.
Ngo-1986, i-US National Science Foundation (NSF) yasungula inethiwekhi yokuqala ye-backbone ye-intanethi. Isixhumanisi sokuqala se-NSFNET sanikeze ngo-56 Kbps kuphela- ukusebenza kukhishwa ngamazinga anamuhla - nakuba kwakusheshe kuthuthukiswe kumzila we-1.544 Mbps T1 naku-45 Mbps T3 ngo-1991. Izinhlangano eziningi zemfundo nezinhlangano zocwaningo zasebenzisa i-NSFNET,
Phakathi neminyaka yama-1990, ukukhula okuqhuma kwe-intanethi kwakuxhaswe kakhulu yizinkampani ezizimele ezazakhela ama-backbase. I-intanethi yagcina yaba inethiwekhi ye-backbones encane eqhutshwa ngabanikezeli bezinsizakalo ze-intanethi abafaka ezinkampanini ezinkulu zezwe nezangaphakathi eziphethe izinkampani ezinkulu zokuxhumana.
Ama-Backbones ne-Link Aggregation
Enye indlela yokuphatha imiqulu ephezulu kakhulu yedatha ye-data egeleza nge-network backbase ibizwa ngokuthi isixhumanisi se-aggregation noma i- trunking. Xhumanisa i-aggregation kuhilela ukusetshenziselwa okuhlanganisiwe kwamapayipi amaningi angokomzimba ku-routers noma kushintshela ukuletha ukusakaza okulodwa kwedatha. Isibonelo, izixhumanisi ezine ezilinganiselwe ze-Gbps eziyi-100 ezivame ukusekela imifudlana ehlukene yedatha zingahlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze zinikeze eyodwa, i-400 Gbps conduit. Abalawuli benethiwekhi balungiselela i-hardware kumkhawulo ngamunye wokuxhumeka ukusekela lokhu kukhonjiswa.
Izinkinga ezine-Network Backbones
Ngenxa yendima yabo ephakathi kwi-intanethi kanye nokuxhumana kwezwe jikelele, ukufakwa kwe-backbone kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuhlaselwa okunonya. Abahlinzeki bavame ukugcina izindawo kanye neminye imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ye-backbase yabo eyimfihlo ngalesi sizathu. Ucwaningo olulodwa lweyunivesithi e-Internet backbone conduits e-US, isibonelo, ludinga iminyaka emine yophando kanti namanje aluphelele.
Ohulumeni bezwe ngezinye izikhathi balondoloza ukulawula okuqinile ekuxhumaneni kwe-backbone of backbone futhi bangacima noma bavale ngokuphelele ukufinyelela kwe-intanethi kubakhamuzi bayo.Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani ezinkulu nezivumelwano zabo zokwabelana ngamanethiwekhi omunye nomunye kufinyelela ezinkingeni zebhizinisi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Umqondo wokungathathi hlangothi komhlabathi uncike kubanikazi kanye nabalondolozi bezintambo zokugcina izinhlanzi ukugcina imithetho kazwelonke neyomhlaba wonke nokuziphatha kahle kwebhizinisi.