Hlola isikhala sediski esetshenzisiwe futhi esitholakalayo
Indlela esheshayo yokuthola isifinyezo sesikhala esitholakalayo nesasetshenziswa kwisistimu yakho ye-Linux ukuthayipha kumyalelo we-df efasiteleni lokugcina. Umyalo df ubheke " d isk f system". Ngenketho ye -h (df -h) ibonisa isikhala sediski "ifomu elingafundwa ngabantu", okusho kulokhu, linikeza amayunithi kanye nezinombolo.
Ukukhishwa komyalelo we-df yithebula elinamakholomu amane. Ikholomu yokuqala iqukethe indlela yesistimu yefayili, engabhekisela kwidiski eyinkimbinkimbi noma enye idivayisi yesitoreji, noma uhlelo lwefayela oluxhunyiwe kwinethiwekhi. Ikholomu yesibili ibonisa amandla alolu hlelo lwefayela. Ikholomu yesithathu ibonisa isikhala esitholakalayo, futhi ikholomu yokugcina ibonisa indlela lapho leli fayili lefayela liphakanyisiwe khona. I-point point yindawo e-directory yomuthi lapho ungathola futhi ufinyelele kuleso simiso sefayela.
I-du du, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibonisa isikhala sediski esetshenziswa amafayela kanye nezinkomba kwirekhodi yamanje. Kanti futhi i -hh inketho (df -h) yenza umkhiqizo ulula ukuwuqonda.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-du-command ihlunga wonke ama-subdirectories ukukhombisa ukuthi ingakanani isikhala sediski ngamunye esiphelile. Lokhu kungagwenywa nge-i-option (i-df -h -s). Lokhu kubonisa kuphela isifinyeto. Okuthiwa isikhala sedis esetshenziselwe esetshenziswa yiwo wonke ama-subdirectories. Uma ufuna ukukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwedisk yomhlahlandlela (ifolda) ngaphandle kwerekhodi yamanje, umane ubeke igama lomqondisi njengengxabano yokugcina. Isibonelo: izithombe ze-du-h -s , lapho "izithombe" zizoba yinkomba engaphansi kwerekhodi yamanje.
Okuningi mayelana ne-Df Command
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, uzodinga kuphela ukubona izinhlelo zefayela ezifinyelelekayo ezizenzakalelayo uma usebenzisa umyalo we-df.
Kodwa-ke, ungabuyisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izinhlelo zefayela ezibandakanya ama-pseudo, kabili kanye nezinhlelo zefayela ezingafinyeleleki ngokusebenzisa enye yale miyalo elandelayo:
df -a
df-konke
Imiyalo engenhla ngeke ibonakale iyasiza kakhulu kubantu abaningi kodwa okulandelayo kuzoba. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, isikhala sediski esetshenzisiwe futhi esitholakalayo sibhalwe ku-bytes.
Yebo, ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
df -h
Lokhu kubonisa okukhiphayo kufomethi efundeka kakhulu njengokwesayizi 546G, etholakalayo 496G. Noma kunjalo lokhu ama-unit of measure ahluke kuwo wonke amafayela wefayela.
Ukumisa amayunithi kuwo wonke amafayela wefayela ongawasebenzisa usebenzise nje imiyalo elandelayo:
df-BM
df - ukuvama-usayizi = M
I M imelela ama-megabytes. Ungasebenzisa nanoma yimaphi amafomethi alandelayo:
- K = amaKlobytes
- M = iMegabytes
- G = amaGigabytes
- T = i-Terabytes
- P = amaPetabytes
- I-E = i-Exabyte
- Z = Zettabyte
- Y = Yottabyte
I-kilobyte i- bytes engu- 1024 kanye ne-megabyte yi-1024 kilobytes. Ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungani sisebenzisa u-1024 hhayi okungu-1000. Konke okuphathelene nokumisa kanambambili kwekhompyutha. Uqala ngo-2 bese u-4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 bese u-1024.
Abantu, noma kunjalo, bavame ukubalelwa kumadesimali futhi ngakho-ke sisetshenziselwa ukucabanga ku-1, 10, 100, 1000. Ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo ukubonisa amanani kufomethi yedasimali ngokuphambene nefomathi kanambambili. (okusho ukuthi iguqula amagugu kumandla ka 1000 esikhundleni se-1024).
df -H
df --si
Uzothola ukuthi izinombolo ezifana no-2.9G zibe 3.1G.
Ukuphuma kwesikhala sediski akuyona inkinga kuphela ongase ubhekane nayo lapho usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Linux. Uhlelo lwe-Linux lubuye lusebenzise umqondo wezinhlamvu. Ifayela ngalinye olidala linikezwa i-inode. Kodwa-ke, ungakha izixhumanisi ezinzima phakathi kwamafayela asebenzisa ama-inode.
Kunomkhawulo kunani lezinhlayizi isistimu yefayili engayisebenzisa.
Ukuze ubone ukuthi amasistimu wakho wefayela aseduze nokushaya umkhawulo wabo sebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
df -i
df --inodes
Ungenza ngokwezifiso ukukhipha komyalo we-df kanje:
df --output = FIELD_LIST
Izinketho ezitholakalayo ze-FIELD_LIST zimi kanje:
- umthombo
- fstype
- itotal
- ngisebenzise
- Iavail
- ipcent
- usayizi
- esetshenzisiwe
- uthola
- pcent
- ifayela
- umgomo
Ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa noma yiziphi izinkambu. Ngokwesibonelo:
df --output = umthombo, usayizi, osetshenzisiwe
Ungaphinda ufise ukubona amanani wezindinganiso esikrinini njengengqikithi yesikhala esitholakalayo kuzo zonke izinhlelo zefayela.
Ukuze wenze lokhu sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
df --total
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, uhlu lwe-df alubonisi uhlobo lwamafayela wefayela. Ungakwazi ukukhipha uhlobo lwefayela lefayela ngokusebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
df -T
uhlobo lwe-df --print
Uhlobo lwezinhlelo zefayela luyoba into efana ne-ext4, vfat, tmpfs
Uma ufuna nje ukubona ulwazi oluthile oluthile ungasebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
df -t ext4
dt --type = ext4
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungasebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo ukukhipha izinhlelo zefayela.
df -x ext4
df --exclude-type = ext4
Okuningi mayelana ne-du command
I-du du command njengoba usuvele ufunde uhlu lwemininingwane mayelana nokusebenzisa isikhala sefayela kwi-directory ngayinye.
Ngokuzenzakalela ngemuva kwento ngayinye kubalwe ukubuya kwezimoto kuboniswa ukuthi kubhala yini into ngayinye entsha emgqeni omusha. Ungakwazi ukushiya isithuthi ngokubuya ngokusebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
du -0
funda
Lokhu akusizi ngokukhethekile ngaphandle kokuthi ufuna ukubona ukusetshenziswa okuphelele ngokushesha.
Umyalo owusizo kakhulu uyakwazi ukuhlunga isikhala esithathwe yiwo wonke amafayela hhayi nje izinkomba.
Ukuze wenze lokhu sebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
du -a
du - konke
Uzofuna ukukhipha lolu lwazi efayeleni usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
du -a> igama lefayela
Njengomyalelo we-df, ungacacisa indlela okushiwo ngayo. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ku-bytes kodwa ungakhetha ama-kilobytes, ama-megabytes njll usebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
du -BM
i-dublock-size = M
Ungaphinde uhambe ukuze umuntu afundeke njengo-2.5G usebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
du -h
du - efundwa ngumuntu
Ukuthola inani ekupheleni sebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
du-c
i - duot