Ungashintsha kanjani kusuka ku-32 kuya ku-64-bits Ukuthuthukisa i-Computing?
Isingeniso
Kuleli phuzu, wonke amakhompyutha wekhompuyutha ephathekayo kanye nedeskithophu ashintshile kusuka ku-32-bit kuya kuma-processor angu-64-bit. Yize kunjalo, amanye amakhompiyutha ayenayo izinguqulo ezingu-32-bit ze-Windows ezinomthelela othize ukuthi zingakanani ukufinyelela kwimemori . Kukhona namaphrosesa ambalwa asezingeni eliphezulu asebenzayo asebenzisa ama-32-bit nakuba yingakho isofthiwe isatholakala.
Indawo enkulu lapho ukucubungula okungama-32-bit kuya ku-64-bit kuyinkinga ngempela ngokuphathelene nezinqubo ze- tablet . Amanethiwekhi amaningi namaphilisi okwamanje asebenzisa ama-processor 32-bit. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ngoba bavame ukusebenza ngokuphumelelayo uma kuziwa ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla abo futhi i-hardware isivele iphethwe ngosayizi. Noma kunjalo, amaprosesa angu-64-bit ajwayelekile kakhulu ngakho umqondo omuhle ukuqonda ukuthi ama-processor 32-bit ne-64-bit angathinta kanjani isipiliyoni sakho sekhompyutha.
Ukuqonda ama-Bits
Zonke izinqubo zekhompyutha zisekelwe kwizibalo zobuningi ngenxa yezinto ezihamba phambili ezihlanganisa ama-semiconductors ngaphakathi kwe-chips. Ukubeka izinto ngemibandela elula, kancane i-1 eyodwa noma engu-0 eyodwa ingagcinwa ekusetshenzisweni kwe-transistor. Bonke abacubungula babhekiselwa ngekhono labo lokucubungula kancane. Kwabaningi abacubungula manje, lokhu kungama-64-bits kodwa kwabanye, kungase kube nokulinganiselwe kuma-bits angu-32 kuphela. Ngakho-ke kusho ukuthini inani elincane?
Ukulinganisa okuncane kwenqubo yokucubungula kunquma inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke inqubo yocingo engayisingatha. Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke ezingasetshenzwa ngomjikelezo wewashi owodwa kuzolingana no-2 emandleni (noma ukubonisa) kokulinganisa kancane. Ngakho-ke, iprosesa ye-32-bit ingaphatha inombolo kufika ku-2 ^ 32 noma cishe 4.3 billion. Noma iyiphi inombolo enkulu kunalokhu kuzodinga umjikelezo wewashi engaphezu kweyodwa ukucubungula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iprosesa ye-64-bit, ingakwazi ukusingatha inombolo ye-2 ^ 64 noma cishe i-18.4 quintillion (18,400,000,000,000,000,000). Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-processor engu-64-bit izokwazi ukuphatha kahle izibalo ezinkulu zezinombolo. Manje abacubungula akugcini nje ukwenza izibalo ngokuqinile kepha ucingo olude lusho ukuthi lungagcwalisa imiyalo ethuthukisiwe emjikelezweni wewashi owodwa kunokuba uhlukaniswe ube yiziphindaphindiwe.
Ngakho-ke, uma unamaprosesa amabili afanayo egijima ngejubane lewashi elifanayo elinikezwa imiyalo efanayo yokuhlela, iprosesa ye-64-bit ingaba ngempumelelo ngokuphindwe kabili njengeprosesa ye-32-bit. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngempela ngoba umjikelezo wewashi ngalinye awusebenzi wonke ama-bits kudlule kodwa nganoma isiphi isikhathi sikhulu kunama-32, i-64 bit izoyithatha isigamu isikhathi salo myalelo.
Imemori iyisihluthulelo
Enye yezinto ezithintekayo ngokuqondile ukulinganisa okuncane kweprosesa yinani lememori ukuthi uhlelo lungase lisekele futhi lufinyelele. Ake sibheke amapulatifomu wamanje angu-32-bit namuhla. Njengamanje amaprosesa angu-32-bit kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ingase isekele ingqikithi yama-gigabytes angu-4 ememori kukhompyutha. Kumemori ye-gigabytes engu-4, izinhlelo zokusebenza zingabela kuphela imemori ye-gigabytes engu-2 kwisicelo esinikeziwe.
Lokhu kubaluleke nakakhulu uma kuziwa kumakhompyutha ephathekayo ephathekayo nekhompuyutha . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banokufinyelela izinhlelo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingakhulumi isikhala sememori yabacubungula. Amaprosesa weselula, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anesikhala esiphelele futhi ngokuvamile inememori ihlanganiswe kuprosesa. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nabaproseshi bokugcina be-Smartphone namaphilisi ngokuvamile banememori engu-2GB kuphela kangangokuthi ayifinyeleli kumkhawulo we-4GB.
Kungani le ndaba? Yebo, inani lememori iprosesa liye lathinta ubunzima bezinhlelo. Amathebulethi amancane kakhulu namafoni asinalo ikhono lokusebenzisa izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njenge- Photoshop . Yingakho inkampani efana ne-Adobe kufanele ifake ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezenza izici ezihlukene ze-PC eyodwa eyinkimbinkimbi ye-PC. Ngokusebenzisa i-processor engu-32-bit nemikhawulo yememori yayo, ngeke iphinde ifinyelele ezingeni elifanayo lobunzima ukuthi ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu egcwele ikwazi.
Iyini i-CPU engu-64-bit ngaphandle kwe-OS-64-bit?
Kuze kube manje sesilokhu sikhuluma ngamakhono abaproseshi asekelwe ezakhiweni zabo, kodwa kukhona iphuzu eliyinhloko okwenziwe lapha. Ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kwiprosesa kuhle nje ukuthi isofthiwe ibhalwe kuso. Ukuqalisa iprosesa engu-64-bit ne-32-bit yokusebenza uhlelo kuzophela ukuchitha imali enkulu yekhono lokucubungula le-computing. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-32-bit luzosebenzisa kuphela isigamu amabhalisi weprosesa ngaleyo ndlela linciphisa ikhono lakhe lokusebenzisa i-computing. Kuzobe kunamaphesenti afanayo kuso ukuthi i-proxy 32-bit ekhona ine-OS efanayo.
Lokhu empeleni kuyinkinga enkulu kakhulu. Izinguquko eziningi zokwakha izakhiwo ezifana ne-64-bit processors ngokuvamile zidinga isethi entsha yezinhlelo ezibhalwe kubo. Lena inkinga enkulu kokubili abenzi be-hardware kanye nabenzi be-software. Izinkampani zesofthiwe azifuni ukubhala isofthiwe entsha kuze kube yilapho i-hardware ikhona lapho ukusekela ukuthengisa kwe-software yabo. Yiqiniso, abantu be-hardware abakwazi ukuthengisa umkhiqizo wabo ngaphandle uma kukhona isofthiwe yokusekela. Lokhu kungenye yezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani ama-CPU ama-enterprise afana ne-IA-64 Itanium evela ku-Intel ayenenkinga. Kwakukhona isofthiwe encane eyabhalwa ukwakheka futhi ukulinganisa kwayo 32-bit ukuqhuba amasistimu okusebenza okwamanje kwakhubaza kakhulu i-CPU.
Ngakho-ke, i-AMD ne-Apple ihamba kanjani le nkinga? I-Apple iqalile ukufaka ama-patches angu-64-bit ohlelweni lwayo lokusebenza. Lokhu kwengeza ukusekelwa okungeziwe, kodwa kusasebenza ku-OS-32-bit. I-AMD ithathe umzila ohlukile. Yenzelwe iprosesa yayo yokusingatha izinhlelo zendawo zokusebenza ze-x86 32-bit bese wanezela amanye amarejistreshini angu-64-bit. Lokhu kuvumela iphrosesa ukuthi isebenze ikhodi ye-32-bit ngokuphumelelayo njengeprosesa ye-32-bit, kodwa ngezinguqulo ezingu-64-bit ze-Linux noma i-Windows XP 64 ezayo izosebenzisa ukukwazi ukucubungula okugcwele kwe-CPU.
Ingabe Isikhathi Sokufaneleka kwe-64-bit Computing?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo yilabo no-yebo. Imboni ifinyelela emkhawulweni we-computing 32-bit ngenxa enkulu yemakethe yekhompyutha ekugcineni ephezulu njengabasebenzisi nabasebenzisi bamandla. Uma amakhomphyutha kufanele akhuphuke ngesivinini nangamandla okucubungula, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuxhuma esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sezinqubo. Lezi yizinhlelo ezivame ukudinga inkumbulo eningi nokubala kwenani elikhulu elizozuza izinzuzo eziqondile zesikhulumi se-64-bit.
Abathengi bayindaba ehlukile. Imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa ngumthengi ojwayelekile kukhompuyutha ingaphezu kokumbozwa ngokwanele ngobuciko obukhona be-32-bit. Ekugcineni, abasebenzisi bayofika endaweni lapho ukushintshela kumakhomitha angu-64-bit kuyoba nengqondo, kodwa okwamanje akusho. Bangaki abathengi ngaphandle kwalokho bayobe benememori ye-gigabytes engu-4 ohlelweni lwekhompyutha noma eminyakeni emibili ezayo?
Izinzuzo zangempela ze-64-bit computer zizogcina zihlehlela phansi kubathengi. Abakhiqizi nabathuthukisi be-software bathanda ukukhawulela imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene okufanele bayisekele ukuze bazame futhi banciphise izindleko. Ngenxa yalokhu, ekugcineni bazogxila kuphela ekukhiqizeni i-64-bit hardware ne-software. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kuyoba uhambo olukhukhumele kulabo abakhetha ukutholwa kuqala.