Wonke ama-disks nezinkinobho ezinzima zihlukaniswe imikhakha emincane. Umkhakha wokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi umkhakha we-boot futhi uqukethe i- Master Boot Record (MBR). I-MBR iqukethe ulwazi oluphathelene nendawo yezingxenyekazi ku-drive nokufunda kwesigaba sokusebenza se-bootable. Ngesikhathi sokulandelana kwe-bootup ku-PC e-DOS, ukusesha kwe-BIOS kwamanye amafayela wesistimu, i-IO.SYS ne-MS-DOS.SYS. Uma lawo mafayela atholakale, i-BIOS iphinda isesha umkhakha wokuqala kuleso disk noma idrayivu futhi ilayishe ulwazi oludingekayo lwe-Master Boot Record Record kwimemori. I-BIOS idlulisela ukulawula ohlelweni ku-MBR ebuye ilayishe i-IO.SYS. Leli fayela lokugcina linomthwalo wokulayisha okusele kwesistimu yokusebenza .
Iyini i-Virus ye-Boot Sector?
I-virus ye-boot sector igxile emkhakheni wokuqala, okusho umkhakha we-boot , i-floppy disk noma i-hard drive. Amagciwane omkhakha we-Boot angaphinde afake i-MBR. I-PC yokuqala yegciwane endle kwakuyi-Brain, igciwane lesikhungo se-boot esibonisa amasu we-stealth ukuze kugweme ukutholakala. I-Brain iphinde ishintshe ilebuli yevolumu yedrayivu yediski.
Indlela Yokugwema I-Virus ye-Boot Sector
Ngokuvamile, izinambuzane ezinegciwane kanye nezifo ezisebenzayo ze-boot sector zivela kwi-diskettes "yabelwe" nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-software ezipirated. Kulula ukugwema amagciwane omkhakha we-boot. Iningi liyasakazeka lapho abasebenzisi bengashiyi amadokhumenti e-floppy - okungenzeka ukuthi banegciwane lesigungu se-boot . Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho beqala i-PC yabo, igciwane liyathinta ukushayela kwendawo. Iningi lamasistimu avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe ukulandelana kwebhodi ukuze uhlelo luhlale luzama ukuqala kuqala kusuka kwedrayivu yendawo yedrayivu (C: \) noma i-CD-ROM drive.
Ukukhipha amagciwane ama-Virus Boot Sector
Ukulungiswa komkhakha we-Boot kufezwa ngokusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe ye- antivirus . Ngenxa yokuthi amanye amagciwane we-boot sector akhiphe i-MBR, ukususwa okungalungile kungabangela idrayivu engatholakali. Kodwa-ke, uma uqinisekile ukuthi igciwane liye lachaphazela kuphela umkhakha we-boot futhi akuyona igciwane lokubethela, umyalo we-DOS SYS ungasetshenziswa ukubuyisela umkhakha wokuqala. Ukwengeza, umyalo we-DOS LABEL ungasetshenziswa ukubuyisela ilebuli yevolumu ewonakele futhi i-FDISK / MBR izothatha isikhundla se-MBR. Nokho, akekho kulezi zindlela ezinconywayo. Isofthiwe ye-antivirus iyisitoreji esihle kakhulu sokususa ngokuhlanzekile futhi ngokunembile amagciwane omkhakha we-boot onezingcupheni ezincane kumininingwane namafayela.
Ukudala i-Disk System
Lapho ukubulala i-virus boot sector se-boot, uhlelo kufanele luhlale luxhunywe kwisistimu ehlanzekile yedisksi ehlanzekile. Ku-PC esekelwe i-DOS, i-disk yesistimu ye-bootable ingadalwa ohlelweni oluhlanzekile olusebenzisa inguqulo efanayo ye-DOS njenge-PC egciwane. Kusuka ku-DOS prompt, thayipha:
- I-SYS C: \ A: \
bese ucindezela ukungena. Lokhu kuzokopisha amafayela wesistimu kusuka kwidrayivu yedeskithophu yendawo (C: \) ku- floppy drive (A: \).
Uma i disk ingafomethiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-FORMAT / S kuzofometha i disk futhi kudlulise amafayela wesistimu adingekayo. Kumasistimu we-Windows 3.1x, i-disk kufanele idalwe njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla kwi-DOS-based PC. Kuhlelo lwe-Windows 95/98 / NT, chofoza Qala | Izilungiselelo | Iphaneli Yokulawula | Engeza / Susa izinhlelo bese ukhetha ithebhu yokuqalisa iDisk. Bese uchofoza ku-"Dala i-Disk". Abasebenzisi be-Windows 2000 kufanele bafake i-Windows 2000 CD-ROM emotweni ye-CD-ROM, chofoza Qala | Hamba bese uthayipha igama le-drive elilandelwe yi-bootdisk \ makeboot a: bese uchofoza OK. Ngokwesibonelo:
- d: \ bootdisk \ makeboot a:
Landela isikrini sokuthi uqede ukudala i-disk yesistimu ye-bootable. Kuzo zonke izimo, ngemuva kokudalwa kwe-disk system disk, i-disk kufanele ivikelwe-ukugwema ukutheleleka.