Incazelo ye-MBR & Nendlela Yokulungisa Ama-MBR Alahlekile noma Awonakele
Idokhumenti ye-boot master (evame ukufinyezwa njenge- MBR ) iyinhlangano ye- boot sector egcinwe kwi- hard disk drive noma enye idivayisi yokugcina equkethe ikhodi yekhompyutha edingekayo ukuze uqale inqubo yokuqalisa .
I-MBR idalwe uma i-hard drive ihlukaniswe , kodwa ayitholakali ngaphakathi kokuhlukanisa. Lokhu kusho izindlela zokulondoloza ezingabelwe eceleni, njenge-floppy disks, aziqukethe irekhodi eliyinhloko le-boot.
Idokhumenti ye-boot master isendaweni yokuqala ye disk. Ikheli elithile kwi disk ngu-Cylinder: 0, Inhloko: 0, Umkhakha: 1.
Irekhodi ye-boot master ivame ukufinyezwa njenge- MBR . Ungase futhi ubone ukuthi yi- master boot sector , umkhakha wendawo , i- master boot block , noma i- master partition boot sector sector .
Uyini Umlando We-Boot Record?
I-master boot record iqukethe izingcezu ezintathu ezinkulu: ithebula lokuhlukanisa i-master , isignesha yesitifiketi , kanye nekhodi ye-boot master .
Nansi inguqulo elula yendima i-master boot irekhodi idlala lapho ikhompi yokuqala iqala:
- I-BIOS kuqala ibuka idivayisi ehlosiwe ukuze iqalise kusuka kuqukethe irekhodi eliyinhloko le-boot.
- Uma itholakale, ikhodi ye-boot ye-MBR isebenzisa ikhodi ye- boot yevolumu yalokho ukwahlukanisa okucacile ukukhomba ukuthi ukwahlukana kwesistimu kuyini.
- Leyo mboni ye-boot ehlukaniswayo isetshenziselwa ukuqala uhlelo lokusebenza .
Njengoba ungabona, irekhodi lebhodi eliyinhloko lidlala umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwinqubo yokuqalisa. Ngaphandle kwalesi sigaba esithile semilayezo ekhona ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikhompyutha ngeke ibe nomqondo wokuthi ungaqala kanjani iWindows noma yikuphi uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo.
Indlela yokulungisa i-Master Boot Record (MBR) Izinkinga
Izimpikiswano ezinomlando wokuqalisa i-master boot zingase zivele ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene ... mhlawumbe ukuqotshwa yi-virus ye-MBR, noma mhlawumbe inkohlakalo ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima komzimba. Irekhodi ye-boot master ingalimala ngendlela encane noma isuswe ngokuphelele.
Iphutha "Ayikho idivaysi ye-boot" ngokuvamile ibonisa inkinga yokuqopha i-master boot, kodwa umlayezo ungahluka ngokuya kumenzi wakho wekhompyutha noma umkhiqizi we- BIOS womama .
I-MBR "fix" idinga kwenziwe ngaphandle kwe-Windows (ngaphambi kokuthi iqale) ngoba, yebo, iWindows ayikwazi ukuqala ...
- I-Windows 10 no-8: Irekhodi elungisiwe le-boot irekhodi lingalungiswa ku- Windows 10 naku- Windows 8 usebenzisa umyalo we-bootrec ku- Izinketho zokuqalisa okuqala.
- I-Windows 7 ne-Vista: Ngenkathi iWindows 7 ne- Windows Vista isekela umyalo ofanayo, isetshenziselwa Izinketho Zokubuyisela System esikhundleni.
- I-Windows XP: Ku- Windows XP , irekhodi le-boot master lingalungiswa ngokusebenzisa umyalo we- fixmbr . Bheka Indlela Yokulungisa I-Master Boot Record ku-Windows XP ukuze uthole usizo.
Amanye amakhompiyutha azozama ukuvula i-floppy ngaphambi kwe-hard drive, lapho kwenzeka noma yiluphi uhlobo lwekhodi enonya olukulo floppy luyobe lulayishwa enkumbulweni . Lolu hlobo lwekhodi lungashintsha ikhodi evamile ku-MBR futhi ivimbele uhlelo lokusebenza lokuqalisa.
Uma usola ukuthi igciwane lingase libe icala lokurekhoda kwe-master boot irekhodi, sincoma ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuvikela unqulo wesi arab mahhala ukuskena ama-virus ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lokusebenza luqale. Lezi zifana nezinhlelo zama-antivirus ezivamile kodwa zisebenza ngisho nalapho uhlelo lokusebenza lungasebenzi.
I-MBR ne-GPT: Yimuphi u-umehluko?
Uma sikhuluma nge-MBR ne-GPT (GUID Partition Table), sikhuluma ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene zokugcina ukwaziswa kokuhlukanisa. Uzobona okukhethwa kukho ukukhetha eyodwa noma enye uma uhlukanisa i-hard drive noma uma usebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlukanisa i-disk .
I-GPT ithatha indawo ye-MBR ngoba nje inezilinganiso ezingaphansi kuka-MBR. Isibonelo, ubungako obukhulu bokuhlukaniswa kwe-MBR disk efomathiwe ngobukhulu besabelo se-unit of 512-byte yi-measly 2 TB uma kuqhathaniswa ne-9.3 ZB (ngaphezu kwe-TB eziyizigidi eziyi- 9) ukuthi i-disk ye-GPT ivumela.
Futhi, i-MBR ivumela kuphela izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko futhi kudinga ukwahlukaniswa okubanzi ukuze kubambe ezinye izingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi izingxenye ezihlakaniphile. Ama-Windows operating systems angaba nama-partition angu-128 ku-drive ye-GPT ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakha ukwahlukanisa okubanzi.
Enye indlela i-GPT ifinyelela ngayo i-MBR ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukululama ekwenzeni inkohlakalo. Ama-disk we-MBR agcina imininingwane ye-boot endaweni eyodwa, engasonakala kalula. Ama-disk we-GPT agcina le datha efanayo kumakhophi amaningi kulo lonke i-hard drive ukuze kube lula ukulungisa. Ama-disks ahlukaniswe nge-GPT futhi angakwazi ngisho nokukhomba izinkinga ngokuzenzekela ngoba ihlola izikhathi ngezikhathi amaphutha.
I-GPT isekelwa nge- UEFI , okuhloswe ukuba ibe yindawo ye-BIOS.