Ukuchaza kwama-Boot Sectors nama-Virtual Boot Sector
Umkhakha we-boot ungumkhakha womzimba, noma ingxenye, kwi- hard drive efaka ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ungaqala kanjani inqubo yebhodi ukuze ulayishe uhlelo lokusebenza .
Umkhakha we-boot ukhona kwi-drive yangaphakathi yinkimbinkimbi lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lokusebenza olufana nohlelo lwe-Windows lufakiwe, kanye namadivayisi wesitoreji ongase ungadingeki ukuqala kuwo, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ubambe idatha yakho siqu, njenge- hard drive yangaphandle , i-floppy disk , noma enye idivayisi ye- USB .
Indlela Umkhakha We-Boot Usetshenziswa Ngayo
Uma i-computer ivuleka, into yokuqala eyenzekayo ukuthi i- BIOS ibheka izinkomba kulokho okudingayo ukuqala uhlelo lokusebenza. Indawo yokuqala ye-BIOS izobukeka imboni yokuqala yedivayisi ngayinye yokugcina exhunywe kukhompyutha.
Yisho ukuthi unayo idrayivu eyodwa kwikhompyutha yakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi une-hard drive eyodwa enomkhakha owodwa we- boot. Kulesi sigaba esithile se-hard drive kungenzeka kube yinye yezinto ezimbili: i- Master Boot Record (MBR) noma i- Volume Boot Record (VBR) .
I-MBR ingumkhakha wokuqala kakhulu kunoma iyiphi i-hard drive efomathiwe . Njengoba i-BIOS ibheka umkhakha wokuqala ukuze iqonde ukuthi kufanele iqhubeke kanjani, izolayisha i-MBR kwimemori . Uma idatha ye-MBR ilayishiwe, ukwahlukana okusebenzayo kungatholakala ukuze ikhompyutha ikwazi ukuthi isistimu yokusebenza ikhona kuphi.
Uma i-hard drive ineziqeshana eziningi, i-VBR iyona mkhakha wokuqala ngaphakathi kokuhlukanisa ngalunye. I-VBR nayo iyimboni yokuqala yedivaysi engahlukanisi nhlobo.
Hlola lezo zixhumanisi ze- MBR ne- VBR ngenhla ukuze uthole okuningi mayelana namarekhodi we-Master Boot Record and Volume Boot kanye nokuthi ziyasebenza kanjani njengengxenye yenqubo yokuqalisa.
Ama-Error Sector Sector Errors
Umkhakha kufanele ube nesignesha esicacile kakhulu ukuze ubonwe yi-BIOS njengengxenye yebhokisi. Isiginesha se-disk yomkhakha we-boot singama-0x55AA futhi sisezintweni ezimbili zokugcina zedatha.
Uma isignesha yediski ikhohliwe, noma ngandlela-thile ishintshiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi i-BIOS ngeke ikwazi ukuthola umkhakha we-boot, ngakho-ke ngeke ikwazi ukulayisha imiyalelo edingekayo yokuthola nokuqala uhlelo lokusebenza.
Noma yimiphi imilayezo yephutha elandelayo ingabonisa umkhakha we-boot owonakele:
- Ithebula lokuhlukanisa elingavumelekile.
- Ayikwazanga ukuthola i-BOOTMGR
- I-BOOTMGR ayitholakali
- Isistimu yokusebenza engekho.
- Isethaphu inqume ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwefayela lukhohliwe
- I-disk ifunde iphutha elithile.
- I-NTLDR ayitholakali
- Iphutha ekulayisheni uhlelo lokusebenza.
Ithiphu: Ngenkathi enye yeziphambeko ngokuvamile ibonisa inkinga yomkhakha we-boot, kungase kube nezinye izimbangela, ngezixazululo ezahlukene. Qinisekisa ukuthi ulandela iseluleko esithile sokuxazulula izinkinga ongasithola kusayithi lami noma kwenye indawo.
Indlela Yokulungisa Iziphutha Zomkhakha We-Boot
Uma uthola ngokusebenzisa ukuxazulula izinkinga ukuthi iphutha lomkhakha we-boot cishe imbangela yezinkinga obhekene nazo, ukufometha i-hard drive bese ubuyisela kabusha Windows kusukela ekuqaleni kuyilungiselelo "elivamile" lezi zinhlobo zezinkinga.
Ngenhlanhla, kunezinye izinqubo ezincane ezonakalisayo kodwa ezinqunyelwe kahle ukuthi ubani angalandela okumele akwazi ukulungisa umkhakha we-boot ... akudingeki ukuthi i-computer yakho ilahleke.
Ukuze ulungise umkhakha we-boot owonakele ku-Windows 10, 8, 7, noma i-Vista, landela isifundo sami eningiliziwe mayelana nendlela yokubhala ingxenye entsha ye-Partition Boot Sector To Partition System .
Amaphutha omkhakha we-Boot nawo angenzeka ku- Windows XP kodwa inqubo yokulungisa ihlukile kakhulu. Bheka Indlela Yokubhala Isigaba Esisha se-Boot Sector Kuyingxenye ye-Windows XP System ukuze uthole imininingwane.
Enye yeziphathimandla ezisemthethweni, izinqubo ze-Microsoft ezivunyelwe ngenhla zingabhethri ezingcono cishe kuzo zonke izimo, kodwa kunamathuluzi angaphandle wesithathu angakha kabusha imikhakha yebhokisi uma ungathanda ukuzama omunye wabo kunalokho. Bona uhlu lwamaThuluzi Wokuhlukanisa I-Free Disk uma udinga isincomo.
Kukhona namanye amathuluzi wezokuthengisa we-Commercial Hard Drive adlulisa ikhono lokubuyisela idatha emikhakha embi, okungase kube yindlela eyodwa yokulungisa mayelana nokulungisa iphutha lesikhungo se-boot, kodwa ngizogxila kwimibono engikhulume ngayo ngaphambili ngaphambi kokukhokha eyodwa lezi.
Ama-virus we-Boot Sector
Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ingozi yokonakaliswa ngenye indlela yokuhluleka kwengozi noma ye-hardware, umkhakha we-boot nawo uyindawo evamile ye- malware ukuze ibambe.
Abenzi be-Malware bathanda ukugxila emkhakheni we-boot ngoba ikhodi yayo iqaliswa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa, ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lokusebenza luqale ngisho!
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube negciwane lesikhwama se-boot, ngiyincoma kakhulu ukwenza ukuskena okuphelele kwe-malware, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uskena ukuskena umkhakha we-boot. Bheka Ukukhipha Ikhompyutha Yakho Nge-Virus nakwezinye i-Malware ukuze uthole usizo uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi wenzeni.
Ama-virus amaningi we-boot sector azoyeka ikhompyutha yakho ukuba iqale yonke indlela, okwenza ukuskena kwe-malware kusuka ngaphakathi kwe-Windows engenakwenzeka. Kulezi zimo, udinga isithwebuli se-virus eboshiwe . Ngigcina uhlu lwe-Antivirus yamahhala engaxhunyiwe yamahhala ongakhetha kuwo, okuxazulula lokhu okubambezelayo ngokubambisana-22.
Ithiphu: Amanye amabhodi womama anesofthiwe ye-BIOS evimbela imikhakha ye-boot ukuthi ingaguquguquki, ewusizo kakhulu ekuvikeleni isofthiwe enonya ukwenza izinguquko kumkhakha we-boot. Lokho kusho ukuthi lesi sici cishe sikhutshaziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngakho-ke amathuluzi okuhlukanisa kanye nezinhlelo ze-disk zokubethela zizosebenza kahle kepha kufanelekile ukuvumela uma ungasebenzisi lawo mathuluzi wamathuluzi futhi uye wabhekana nezindaba ze-boot sector virus.
Ulwazi olungaphezulu kuma-Boot Sectors
Umkhakha we-boot udalwe uma uqala ukufometha idivayisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngabe idivayisi ayifomethi, ngakho-ke ayisebenzisi uhlelo lwefayili , futhi ngeke ibe yikhibhodi ye-boot.
Kunomkhakha owodwa kuphela we-boot ngayinye yedivayisi yokugcina. Ngisho noma i-hard drive eyodwa inamaqembu amaningi, noma isebenza ngaphezulu kwesistimu eyodwa yokusebenza , kusekhona isigaba esisodwa se-boot salo lonke idrayivu .
Isofthiwe ekhokhelwayo efana ne-Active @ Partition Recovery iyatholakala engakwazi ukuvuselela nokubuyisela ulwazi lomkhakha we-boot uma kwenzeka ugijimela inkinga. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphambili zingakwazi ukuthola enye imboni yebhodi ekushayeleni engasetshenziselwa ukwakha owonakele.