Kuxhumano lwekhompyutha, i- topology ibhekisela kokuhlelwa kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe. Lesi sihloko sethula imibono ejwayelekile yokuxhumana.
I-Topology ku-Network Design
Cabanga nge-topology njengokwakheka noma isakhiwo senethiwekhi. Lo mumo awuhambisani ngqo nomumo wangokwenyama wamadivayisi enethiwekhi. Isibonelo, amakhompiyutha enethiwekhi yekhaya angalungiswa embuthanweni egumbini lomndeni, kodwa ngeke kube lula ukuthola ithopholothi yendandatho lapho.
Izintandokazi zenethiwekhi zihlukaniswe kulezi zinhlobo eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo:
- ibhasi
- ring
- inkanyezi
- isihlahla
- imeshini
Amanethiwekhi amanengi angakhiwa njengama-hybridi weenomboro ezimbili namtjhana ngaphezulu kweengqikithi eziyisisekelo ezingenhla.
I-Bus Topology
Amanethiwekhi webhasi (okungafanele adidaniswe nebhasi yesistimu yekhompyutha) sebenzisa umgogodla ovamile ukuxhuma wonke amadivayisi. Ikhebuli elilodwa, umgogodla usebenza njengendlela yokuxhumana ehlanganyelwe ukuthi amadivaysi afake noma afake kuwo nge-connector interface. Idivayisi efuna ukuxhumana nenye idivayisi kunethiwekhi ithumela umlayezo wokusakaza ocingweni wonke amadivaysi abona, kepha umamukeli ohlosiwe kuphela uyakwamukela futhi asebenze umlayezo.
I-Ethernet ibhulogi yebhasi kulula ukufaka futhi ayidingi iklabhu enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela. 10Base-2 ("ThinNet") no-10Base-5 ("ThickNet") bobabili bezinketho ezithandwayo zokukhethwa kwe-Ethernet eminyakeni eminingi edlule ngokubambisana kwebhasi. Noma kunjalo, amanethiwekhi ebhasi asebenza kangcono ngenani elinganiselwe lamadivayisi. Uma kunezingcingo ezingaphezu kwamaminithi ambalwa ezengeziwe ebhasikheni yenethiwekhi, izinkinga zokusebenza ziyophumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ikhebula lomshoshaphansi lihluleka, inethiwekhi yonke ngokuphumelelayo iba yinto engasebenzi.
Umfanekiso: Umdwebo webhasi yebhasi
I-Topology yezintambo
Ngenethiwekhi yendandatho, wonke amadivaysi anamakhelwane amabili ngqo ngezinjongo zokuxhumana. Yonke imilayezo ihamba ngendandatho kusiqondiso esifanayo (noma "ngokungahambisani ne-clockwise" noma "ngokumelene ne-clockwise"). Ukuhluleka kunoma iyiphi ikhebula noma idivaysi iphula loop futhi ingathatha inethiwekhi yonke.
Ukuze usebenzise inethiwekhi yendandatho, eyodwa isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-FDDI, i- SONET , noma ye- Token Ring . Izintandokazi zendandatho zitholakala kwezinye izakhiwo zehhovisi noma ezikoleni zezikole.
Umfanekiso: Umdwebo we-Ring Topology
I-Star Topology
Amanethiwekhi amaningi asekhaya asebenzisa i-topology yezinkanyezi. Inethiwekhi yenkanyezi ibonisa iphuzu lokuxhumeka elibizwa ngokuthi "i-hub node" engase ibe yikhubhu yenethiwekhi , ishintsho noma i- router . Amadivaysi ngokuvamile axhuma kwihabhu ene-Ethernet engasetshenzisiwe (UTP).
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-topology yebhasi, inethiwekhi yenkanyezi ngokuvamile idinga ikhebula elingaphezulu, kodwa ukwehluleka kunoma iyiphi ikhebula lezinkanyezi zenkanyezi kuzokwehlisa kuphela ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi eyodwa hhayi yonke i- LAN . (Uma i-hub ihluleka, noma kunjalo, yonke inethiwekhi iyaphela.)
Umfanekiselo: Umdwebo we-Star Topology
I-Topology yezihlahla
I-topology yomuthi ijoyina izinkanyezi eziningi zezinkanyezi ndawonye ebhasini. Ngendlela elula kakhulu, amadivaysi kuphela e-hub axhuma ngqo ebhasini lomuthi, futhi ihabhu ngalinye lisebenza njengomsuka wesihlahla samadivayisi. Indlela ye-hybrid yebhasi / yenkanyezi isekela ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwenethiwekhi kangcono kakhulu kunebhasi (elinganiselwe kwinombolo yamadivayisi ngenxa yomgwaqo wokusakaza okwenzayo) noma inkanyezi (enqunywe inani lamaphoyinti wokuxhuma kwehubhu) yedwa.
Umdwebo: Umdwebo weTopoloji yomuthi
I-Topology ye-Mesh
I-topology yengxube iveza umqondo wemigwaqo. Ngokungafani neyodwa yezintandokazi zangaphambilini, imilayezo ethunyelwe kwinethiwekhi eyizintambo ingathatha noma yiziphi izindlela eziningana ezivela emthonjeni kuya endaweni. (Khumbula ukuthi ngisho nasendandeni, nakuba kunezindlela ezimbili zekhebula, imiyalezo ingakwazi ukuhamba ngendlela eyodwa kuphela.) Amanye ama-WANs , ikakhulukazi i-Inthanethi, asebenzisa ukuhamba ngokumisa.
Inethiwekhi eyimifino lapho yonke idivayisi ixhuma kuyo yonke into ibizwa ngokuthi i-mesh ephelele. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi, amanethiwekhi amancane asobukhulu nawo akhona lapho amanye amadivaysi axhuma ngokungaqondile ngqo kwabanye.
Umfanekiso: Umdwebo we-Mesh Topology
Isifingqo
I-Topology iyingxenye ebalulekile yenkolelo yenethiwekhi yenethiwekhi. Cishe ungakha inethiwekhi yekhaya noma encane yekhompiyutha yebhizinisi ngaphandle kokuqonda umehluko phakathi komklamo webhasi nesakhiwo sezinkanyezi, kodwa ukujwayela ukuxhaswa okujwayelekile kukunika ukuqonda kangcono imibono ebalulekile yokuxhumana njengama-hubs, ukusakaza, nemizila.