Ukuthi Ukulanda Kokuthutha Kusebenza kanjani

Ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ye-Bittorrent yindlela evelele kakhulu ye-P2P yesimanje (ukwabelana ngohlobo lwabafana). Kusukela ngo-2006, ukwabelana nge-bittorrent bekuyiyona ndlela eyinhloko kubasebenzisi ukudayisa isofthiwe, umculo, amabhayisikobho, kanye nezincwadi zedijithali ku-intanethi. Izigulane azithandeki kakhulu ne-MPAA, i-RIAA, nezinye iziphathimandla ze-copyright, kodwa zithandwa kakhulu yizigidi zamakolishi kanye nabafundi baseyunivesithi emhlabeni jikelele.

I-Bittorrents (eyaziwa nangokuthi "izifufula") isebenza ngokulanda ama-bits amancane amafayela kusuka emithonjeni eminingi ehlukene yewebhu ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukulanda kokuthutha kulula ukuwasebenzisa, futhi ngaphandle kwabanikezeli bokusesha abambalwa, izifufula ngokwazo azikhokhwa ngemali yomsebenzisi.

Izixhumanisi zokuthutha ziqala ngo-2001. Umlimi wolimi lwe-Python, u-Bram Cohen, wadala ubuchwepheshe ngenhloso yokwabelana nabo bonke abantu. Futhi empeleni, ukuthandwa kwayo sekuye kwavela kusukela ngo-2005. Umphakathi wezifufula usukhulile waba yizigidi zabasebenzisi emhlabeni wonke ngo-2009. Ngenxa yokuthi izifufula zizama ukuhlola amafayela e-dummy nekhohlakele, ikakhulukazi ayinayo i-adware / spyware, futhi azuze ukuvinjelwa okumangalisa okukhulu, ukuthandwa komfula kuqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha. Ngama-gigabytes alungile we-bandwidth asetshenzisiwe, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ye-bittorrent yinto ethandwa kakhulu kwi-Inthanethi namuhla.

Indlela I-Torrents Eyingqayizivele

Njengamanye amanethiwekhi wokuwabelana ngamafayili (Kazaa, Limewire (manje aphelelwe amandla), i-Gnutella, i-EDonkey, ne-Shareaza Inhloso eyinhloko kaBittorrent ukusabalalisa amafayela amakhulu abezindaba kubasebenzisi abazimele. Ngokungafani namanethiwekhi amaningi we-P2P, noma kunjalo, izimpumputhe zivelele ngezizathu ezinhlanu ezinkulu:

1. Ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yokuthutha akusiyo imodeli yokubhalisa-yokubhalisa njenge-Kazaa; Kunalokho, izikhukhula ziyizinhlelo zokuxhumana zenkolo zontanga lapho abasebenzisi ngokwabo benza ifayela langempela elikhonzayo.
2. I-Torrents iphoqelela ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi engu-99% ngokuhlunga amafayili awonakele, okuqinisekisiwe ukuthi okulandwayo kuqukethe kuphela lokho abakushoyo ukuthi banakho. Kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa kwesistimu, kepha uma usebenzisa usesho lomphakathi, abasebenzisi bayokuxwayisa uma isifufula siyifayela eliyikhohlisi noma le-dummy.
3. Izifufula zikhuthaza abakasebenzisi ukuba bahlanganyele ("imbewu") amafayela abo aphelele, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo bephulukisa abasebenzisi "abanamahloni".
4. Izixhumo zingakwazi ukufinyelela ngesivinini sokulanda ngaphezu kwama-megabithi angu-1.5 ngomzuzwana.
5. I-torrent code ivulekile-umthombo, i-advertising-free, ne-adware / i-spyware. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akekho umuntu oyedwa ozuza ekuphumeleleni komfula.

Ukuthi Ukwabelana Nge-Bittorrent Kusebenza kanjani

Ukwabelana ngezilaleli kuphathelene "nokuthungatha nokulandelela," lapho abasebenzisi balayisha khona amabhuzu amancane emithonjeni eminingi ehlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngenxa yokuthi le fomethi inxephezela amaphuzu we-bottleneck, empeleni ishesha kakhulu kunokulanda ifayela elikhulu kusuka kumthombo owodwa.

• "Ukuthuthumela" kungokuhlukanisa amafayela amakhulu ngamakhulu "amancane" amancane bese wabelana ngalezo zinhlamvu ngaphesheya kokuthi "isibhamu" sabasebenzisi abaningi abathintekayo.
• "Ukulandelela" yilapho amaseva athile esiza ukuxhaphaza abasebenzisi ukuthola omunye nomunye.
• Amalungu okuthukuthela asebenzisa isofthiwe yeklayenti ekhethekile yokulayishwa ukuze ulayishe, ulayishe, futhi uvuselele ama-bits amaningi wefayela kumafayela aphelele asetshenziswayo.
• Okukhethekile amafayili wombhalo asebenza njengezikhombisi phakathi nale nqubo yonke, esekela abasebenzisi ukuthola abanye abasebenzisi ukuba bahambisane nabo, futhi baqinisekise ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuwo wonke amafayela abelwe.

Izifufula zihlukile kunethiwekhi yeKazaa enomncintiswano ngendlela eyodwa ephawulekayo: izingxube ziyiqiniso kwe-P2P ukwabelana. Esikhundleni se- "amaseva womshicileli" ekudonsheni amafayela, abasebenzisi be-torrent benze ifayela likhonza. Abasebenzisi be-Torrent balayisha ngokuzithandela amabhukhthi abo efayela kwi-swarm yabo ngaphandle kokukhokha noma imali yokukhangisa. Ungasho ukuthi abasebenzisi basemfudumeni bashukunyiswa, hhayi ngemali, kodwa ngomoya wokubambisana we- "Pay-It-Forward". Uma ukhumbule imodeli yaseNapster.com yama-1990, i-bittorrent swarming iyafana, kodwa ngokubambisana okungeziwe.

Ijubane lokulanda lilawulwa amaseva wokulandelela okuthutha, okuqapha bonke abasebenzisi be-swarm. Uma wabelana, amaseva we-tracker azokuvuza ngokukhulisa umkhawulokudonsa wakho we-swarm bandwidth (ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube ngu-1500 kilobits ngomzuzwana). Ngokufanayo, uma unika futhi ukhawule ukwabelana kwakho kokulayishwa, amaseva wokulandelela ayokhazamisa isivinini sakho sokulanda, ngezinye izikhathi ahambe kancane njenge-1 kilobit ngomzuzwana. Ngempela, ifilosofi ethi "Pay It Forward" iyaphoqelelwa ngokwengeziwe! Amahlumela awawamukeli ku-bittorrent swarm.

Indlela Yokuqala Ukusebenzisa i-Bittorrent

Ukufudumala kwe-Bittorrent kudinga izithako eziyisithupha ezinkulu.

1. Isofthiwe yekhasimende ye-Bittorrent
2. I-server ye-tracker (amakhulu kuwo akhona kuwebhu, akukho izindleko zokusebenzisa).
3. Ifayela le-.torrent elikhomba ukuthi ibhayisikobho / ingoma / ifayela ofuna ukulanda.
4. Injini yosesho yoku Torrent ekusiza ukuthi uthole lawa mafayili wombhalo.
5. Ukuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi okulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ne-port 6881 kuvulwe kuseva / router ukuvumela ukuhweba ifayela lokuhambisa.
6. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kokuphathwa kwefayela ku-PC / Macintosh yakho. Uzodinga ukuhamba ngezinkulungwane zamafolda namafayela okufaka amafayela ukuze wenze umsebenzi wokuwabelana ngefayela kuwe.

Ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu, kuzokuthatha cishe usuku olulodwa ukusetha i-PC noma i-Mac yakho yokuthungula izifufula. Uma ungaqashi i-hardware router noma i- firewall yesofthiwe nge-modem yakho, ukusetha kuzothatha imizuzu engu-30 kuphela yokukhetha nokufaka iklayenti lakho le-bittorrent. Uma usebenzisa i-router hardware noma i-firewall (okuyinto enhle yokulungisa umshini wakho wasekhaya), cishe uzothola imilayezo yephutha "ye-NAT" ekuqaleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-router / firewall yakho ayifundanga "ukwethemba" idatha yakho ye-bittorrent okwamanje. Uma uvula i-digital port 6881 ku-router / firewall, imilayezo ye-NAT kufanele imise futhi uxhumano lwakho lwe-bittorrent lufanele lusebenze kahle.

Inqubo Yokulandwa Kwe-Torrent

Isixwayiso se-copyright. Ngaphandle kokuba uhlala eCanada, kufanele uqonde ukuthi imithetho ye-copyright ivame ukwephulwa ngokuhlanganyela kwe-P2P. Uma ulanda / ulayishe ingoma, i-movie, noma umbukiso we-TV, uyingozi engozini yomphakathi. Abantu baseCanada bavikelekile kulezi zigwegwe ngenxa yesinqumo senkantolo yaseCanada , kodwa hhayi izakhamizi zase-USA noma izingxenye eziningi zaseYurophu nase-Asia. Le ngozi yecala liyiqiniso, futhi kufanele wamukele le ngozi uma ukhetha ukulanda amafayela e-P2P.

Inqubo yokulandwa komfula iyakuthanda lokhu:

1. Usebenzisa izinjini zokusesha ezikhethekile ukuze uthole .amafayela wombhalo owedlule azungeze iNet. Ifayela le-.torrent lisebenza njenge-pointer ekhethekile ukuthola ifayela elithile kanye nesiphequluli sabantu okwamanje abelana ngaleli fayela. Lawa mafayili .torrent ahluka kusuka ku-15kb kuya ku-150kb usayizi wefayela futhi ashicilelwa abahlanganyeli abathintekayo be-torrent emhlabeni jikelele.
2. Ulayisha ifayela elifisayo .torrent ku-drive yakho (lokhu kuthatha cishe amasekhondi angu-5 ngegama ngalinye .isitoreji se-intanethi ku-speed modem yekhebula).
3. Uvula ifayela .torrent kwisofthiwe yakho yokuhambisa . Ngokujwayelekile, lokhu kuyinto elula njengokuchofoza kabili kwisithonjana sefayela .torrent, kanye nesofthiwe yeklayenti yokuqalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kwezinye izimo, le software izokuvula ngisho nefayela lesifufula.
4. Isofthiwe ye-torrent iklayenti manje izokhuluma nesiphakeli se-tracker imizuzu engu-2 kuya kwezingu-10, ngenkathi ishaya i-Inthanethi ukuze abantu bangene. Ngokuqondile, iseva yekhasimende kanye ne-tracker izosesha abanye abasebenzisi abafana ngokufanayo nefayela .torrent njengawe.
5. Njengoba umculi obeka abasebenzisi be-torrent ukuba angenele, umsebenzisi ngamunye uzobhalwa ngokuzenzekelayo njengokuthi "u-leech / peer" noma "inzalo" (abasebenzisi abanengxenye kuphela yefayili eqondisiwe, ngokumelene nabasebenzisi abanefayili ephelele eqondisiwe) . Njengoba ungase uqagele, imbewu oxhumana ngayo, ngokushesha ukulayisha kwakho kuzoba. Ngokuvamile, ontanga / izintambo eziyi-10 kanye nezinhlamvu ezi-3 yi-swarm enhle yokulanda ingoma eyodwa / i-movie eyodwa.

1. Isofthiwe iklayenti iqala ukudluliswa. Njengoba igama elithi "ukwabelana" lisho, zonke ukudluliswa kuzokwenzeka kuzo zombili izinkomba, "phansi" futhi "up" (leech nokwabelana). * UKUVELA: I-Cable kanye nabasebenzisi be-DSL bangalindela isilinganiso sama-megabytes angu-25 ngehora, ngezinye izikhathi zihamba kancane uma isiphepho sincane esingaphansi kwabalimi ababili. Ngosuku oluhle ngesibhamu esikhulu, noma kunjalo, ungalanda ingoma engu-5MB kungakapheli amaminithi amathathu, ne-movie ye-900MB kungakapheli amaminithi angu-60.
2. Uma ukudluliswa sekuphelile, shiya isofthiwe yakho yama-client torrent egijima okungenani amahora amabili. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "imbewu" noma "i-karma enhle", lapho wabelana ngamafayela akho aphelele kwabanye abasebenzisi. Ukusikisela: yenza okulandwayo kwakho ngaphambi kokuba ulale ebusuku. Ngale ndlela, uzobe uhlwanyela amafayela akho aphelele, uzokwengeza isilinganiso sakho sokulayisha / ukulanda, futhi uzoba namafayela alayishiwe ngokuphelele ngesikhathi uvuka!
3. Ama-movie ne-plug-ins omculo: kuzomele udinge ukufaka abadlali bemidiya kanye nabaguquli be-codec olusha ukuze badlale ukulanda kwakho:
   • isib Windows Media Player, i-DivX, i-RealAudio, iDaemon Tools i-Virtual CD / i-DVD. Funda kabanzi mayelana nalaba abadlali be-plug-in.
   • isib. Amaphakethe we- XP Codec namanye ama-converter encoder-converter.

1. Jabulela ama-movie akho nezingoma zakho!
2. Isixwayiso esilungile: uzodinga i-hard drive yesibili uma uqala ukulayisha okujulile. Izingoma namabhayisikobho zidinga isikhala esikhulu sediski, futhi umsebenzisi we-P2P wesilinganiso ngokuvamile unama-20 kuya ku-40 GB wamafayela abezindaba nganoma isiphi isikhathi esisodwa. I-hard drive ye-500GB yesibili ivame kubasebenzisi abakhulu be-P2P, futhi amanani aphansi amasha ezinkampanini ezinzima enza kube ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhle.