Ubuchwepheshe abaningi bokudlulisa idatha yenethiwekhi zisebenzisa amaphakethe ukudlulisa idatha kusuka kudivayisi yomthombo kuya kudivayisi ekhona. I-protocol ye- IP ayiyona into ehlukile. Amaphakethe we-IP yizingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezisemqoka zeprothotho. Ziyizakhiwo ezithwala idatha ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa. Futhi banesihloko esinolwazi olubasiza ukuba bathole indlela yabo futhi babuyele emuva ngemuva kokudluliselwa.
Imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko ye- protocol ye- IP yindlela yokulungisa nokubhekana nayo . Ukuhambisa amaphakethe ukuya futhi kusuka kwimishini kwinethiwekhi, i-IP (i-Protocol Protocol) isebenzisa amakheli e-IP athathwa phakathi kwamaphakethe.
Ulwazi olungaphezulu kumaPhakethe e-IP
Izincazelo ezimfushane ezithombeni zithintekayo ngokwanele ukukunikeza umbono wezinto zezinhloko zekhanda. Noma kunjalo, amanye angase angacaci:
- Ithegi yokuhlonza isetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuphinde uhlanganise iphakethe kusuka ezingxenyeni eziningana eziphelile. Uma idatha ithunyelwa phezu kwenethiwekhi, ihlelwe phansi ibe yizingxenye ezincane ezivuliwe kulezi phakethe. Amanethiwekhi we-IP, njenge-intanethi, avame ukuphepha, ngakho amaphakethe angahle alahleke, angabambezeleka, futhi angakwazi ukufika ngendlela engafanele. Uma befika lapho beya khona, ithegi yokuzisiza isiza ukukhomba iphakethe futhi ibuye ifinyelele idatha emuva kwifomu layo langempela.
- Ifulegi elihlukanisiwe lichaza ukuthi iphakethe lingalinganiswa yini noma cha.
- I- fragment offset iyinkambu yokukhomba ukuthi iyiphi iparakethe enamathiselwe kuyo.
- Isikhathi Sokuphila (TTL) yinombolo ekhombisa ukuthi mangaki ama-hops (i-router passes) iphakethe lingazenza ngaphambi kokuthi life. Ngokujwayelekile, ku-router ngayinye, iphakethe lihlaziywa futhi lisuselwe kolwazi olukhona kulowo router kwamanye ama-routers angomakhelwane, ukhetho lwenziwa ngokuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu. Iphakethe lithunyelwa kuleyo router elandelayo. Kule ukucushwa, iphakethe lingase lihambisane. Kukhona futhi izikhukhula njengenye indlela, okusho ukuthumela ikhophi yepakethe kumzila ngamunye omakhelwane; ke kuphela umshini ohlosiwe udla iphakethe. Amanye amapakethe azoqhubeka ehamba. I-TTL inomboro, ngokuvamile i-255, eyanciphisa isikhathi ngasinye lapho ipakethe idlula umzila. Ngale ndlela, amaphakethe avulekile azogcina ekufeni uma i-TTL ifinyelela ku-zero.
- I- header checksum iyinombolo esetshenziselwa ukutholakala kwephutha nokulungiswa ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwepakethe. Idatha ephaketheni inikwe amandla ku-algorithm yezibalo ezenza isamba, esithunyelwe kanye nedatha epakethe. Phezu kokwamukelwa, lesi sum sibalwa futhi sisebenzisa i-algorithm efanayo. Uma kufana nesamba sokuqala, idatha ihle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhekwa njengonakele futhi iphakethe ilahliwe.
- Ukukhokha okuyiyona idatha yangempela ethathwa. Qaphela ukuthi ukukhokhwa kwedatha kungafinyelela kuma-KiloByte angu-64, okukhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphelele kwamabhuloki ekhanda.