I-macOS: Kuyini Futhi Kuyini Okusha?

Amakati amakhulu nezindawo ezidumile: Umlando we-MacOS no-OS X

I-MacOS yigama elisha kakhulu le -operating system esekelwe ku-Unix egijima kuma-hardware we-Mac, kufaka phakathi ideskithophu namamodeli aphathekayo. Futhi ngenkathi igama elisha, izici namakhono okusebenza kwe-Mac kunomlando omude, njengoba uzofunda lapha.

I-Macintosh iqalile ukuphila ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olwaziwa njengeSistimu, eyenza izinguqulo ezivela ku-System 1 kuya ku-System 7. Ngo-1996, uhlelo luphinde lwaphindwa njenge-Mac OS 8, ne-final version, i-Mac OS 9, eyakhishwa ngo-1999.

I-Apple idinga isimiso sokusebenza samanje sokufaka esikhundleni se-Mac OS 9 futhi sithathe iMacintosh esikhathini esizayo , ngakho ngo-2001, i-Apple ikhishwe i-OS X 10.0; Cheetah, njengoba kwaziwa kakhulu. I-OS X yayiyi-OS entsha, eyakhiwe kwi-kernel efana ne-Unix, eyilethe ukuthungatha okuningi kwe-multitasking, imemori evikelekile yesimanje, nesistimu yokusebenza engahle ikhule nobuchwepheshe obusha u-Apple ayecabanga.

Ngo-2016, i-Apple yashintsha igama le-OS X kuya ku-macOS, ukuze ibe ngcono igama le-operating system kanye nayo yonke imikhiqizo ye-Apple ( iOS , watchOS , ne- tvOS ). Nakuba igama lishintshile, i-MacOS igcina izimpande zayo ze-Unix, futhi isikhombandlela sayo esiyingqayizivele somsebenzisi nezici.

Uma ngabe uzibuza ngomlando we-macOS, noma uma izici zengeziwe noma zisuswe, funda ukubuka emuva ngo-2001, lapho i-OS X Cheetah isungulwa, futhi ufunde ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo elandelayo ye-system yokusebenza eyiletha nayo.

01 ka-14

i-MacOS High Sierra (10.13.x)

Idethi yokuqala yokukhululwa: Ngesinye isikhathi ekupheleni kuka-2017; okwamanje ku-beta .

Intengo: Ukulandwa kwamahhala (kudinga ukufinyelela ku-Mac App Store).

Umgomo oyinhloko we-MacOS High Sierra kwakuwukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuzinza kwesiteji se-macOS. Kodwa lokho akuzange kumise i-Apple ukungeza izici ezintsha nokuthuthukiswa kwisistimu yokusebenza.

• I-APFS: I- Apple File System (APFS) empeleni ayiyona entsha; okokuqala kufakwe ku-MacOS Sierra. Yini eyenza ukufakwa kwayo kwi-MacOS High Sierra isici esibalulekile ukuthi manje uhlelo lwefayela le-APFS luyinto ezenzakalelayo; ngaphambi kwalokhu, itholakale nje njengenye indlela. Nakuba i-APFS manje isejwayelekile, usengasebenzisa uhlelo oludala lwefayela le-HFS +, uma udinga.
• I-HEVC: Ukubhala nge-Video Encoding ephezulu (Efficiency Encoding) (HEVC) yinkinga entsha yokucindezela enikeza ukucindezelwa kwekhwalithi engcono uma kuqhathaniswa no-H.264, okuzenzakalelayo okusetshenziselwa izinguqulo zangaphambilini ze-macOS.
• I-Metal 2: Lolu buchwepheshe obusha behluzo luhlinzeka ngabathuthukisi be-Mac ngokufinyelela okuqondile kumayunithi wokucubungula ama-Mac. Ukususa isidingo sokusebenzisa izendlalelo zokuhlela eziphakathi ukulawula ihluzo kufanele kuvumele abathuthukisi ukuba bathuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-graphics. I-Metal 2 ibuye ivumele ukuthi ama-GPU asetshenziselwe ukufunda okusheshayo komshini, ukuvula amandla amasha kubahleli nezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza. Futhi uma ikhadi lakho lamanje lamanje liphezulu, i-Metal 2 isekela amakhadi wehluzo zangaphandle exhunywe nge-Thunderbolt 3.
• I-Safari: Isiphequluli sewebhu esizenzakalelayo, i-Safari ibona ubuchwepheshe obusha buqaliswa, kufaka phakathi Ukuvikela Ukuvikela Okumangalisayo ukuvikela ubumfihlo futhi kukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokwezifiso ukuthi ubumfihlo buyaphoqelelwa kanjani jikelele kanye nesayithi ngesayithi. Ukwengeza, i-Safari ithola ikhono lokuvimba amavidiyo adlala ngokuzenzakalela, isici esihle somngane esivumelwaneni sayo samanje sokuvimba umsindo odlala ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Izithombe: Izithombe zithola amathuluzi amasha, kufaka phakathi ibha yamacu ephikisanayo, ukuhlela ama-Live Live, nesigaba esisha seMemori ngokuhlela izithombe zakho. Kubuye kubonwe ukubonwa kombuso, izihlungi ezintsha, namathuluzi amasha wokuhlela we-Curve ne-Color Selective.

02 ka-14

I-MacOS Sierra (10.12.x)

Usuku lokukhululwa kwangempela: September 20, 2016

Intengo: Ukulandwa kwamahhala (kudinga ukufinyelela ku-Mac App Store)

I-MacOS Sierra yayingumkhankaso wokuqala wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-macOS. Inhloso eyinhloko yegama ushintsho kusuka ku-OS X kuya ku-MacOS kwakuwukuhlanganisa umndeni wakwa-Apple wezinhlelo zokusebenza emhlanganweni owodwa wokuqamba igama: iOS, i-TVOS, i-watchOS, ne-now-macOS manje. Ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwegama, i- MacOS Sierra ihambisane nayo ngezici ezintsha nezibuyekezo kumasevisi akhona.

• I-Siri: I-Siri ingase ibe izindaba endala kubasebenzisi be-iOS, kodwa i- MacOS Sierra iyisikhathi sokuqala i-Siri ibambelele i-Mac . Umsizi ohlakaniphile uyatholakala kwi-Dock ne-Bar Menu, futhi futhi kusukela ekunqumeni kwekhibhodi. Ngomsebenzi omncane ngumsebenzisi, i-Siri ingenziwa futhi ukuphendula ngokuqondile imiyalo yezwi ngaphandle kokuqala ukucela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Siri.
• Ama-APF: I-Apple yayihlanganisa ukubuka kuqala kwe-Apple File System njengengxenye ye-MacOS Sierra. I-APF ayivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi kwakungekho izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kweGedali engasetshenziswa ukuxhumana nesistimu entsha yefayela. Ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzisi abambalwa be-Mac babesazi ukuthi uhlelo olusha lwamafayela lwanamuhla lwatholakala kuwo.
• I-Night Shift: U- Night Shift wanezelwa ku-MacOS Sierra ne-10.12.4 ukukhululwa. Ilinganisa isici esitholakala ku-iOS evumela ukuthi ukubonisa kubandise ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka njengoba kusihlwa kuqhubeka. Ukwanda kokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nokunciphisa okuhambisana nokukhanya okuphuzi, kukholelwa ukuthi kusiza ukulala.
• Isitoreji esilungiselelwe: Lesi sici esisha se-MacOS ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amashayela amancane kepha usakwazi ukuthola idatha enkulu. Ngokubambisana ne-iCloud Drive, Isitoreji Esilungiselelwe singadlulisela idatha yakho yangasese efwini, ikuvumele ukuthi ukhulule isikhala ku-drive yakho. Idatha eshukumisiwe ibonakala sengathi ikhona endaweni yangakini, kodwa uma udinga ulwazi, itholakala ku-iCloud Drive yakho.
• Amathebhu Nomaphi: Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifaka ukusekelwa kwamawindi amaningi zithola inzuzo kulawo mawindi atholakalayo kusuka kubha yamathebhu eyenziwa uhlelo lokusebenza.
• I-Disk Utility: Lolu hlelo lokusebenza oluhloniphekile lusehlisa ikhono lokudala nokuphatha amareyimu we-RAID , isici esilahlekile ku-OS X El Capitan.

03 ka-14

I-OS X El Capitan (10.11.x)

Usuku lokukhululwa kwangempela: September 30, 2015

Intengo: Ukulandwa kwamahhala (kudinga ukufinyelela ku-Mac App Store)

Uhlelo lokugcina lwesistimu yokusebenza ye-Mac ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuchasiswa kwe-OS X, i- El Capitan ibone ukuthuthukiswa kweziningana, nokususwa kwezinye izici, okuholela ekukhoneni kusuka kubasebenzisi abaningi.

• Ukubukwa kwe-Split: Ukubuka kwe- Split kulethe isici se-iOS - ikhono lokubona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezigcwele-screen full side - kuya ku-Mac. I-Mac isekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezigcwele-skrini kusukela ku-OS X Lion, kodwa i-Split View yaletha amandla amasha kusici.
• Ukuthinta okuningi kwe-Touch: Nakuba uhlelo lokusebenza lusekele ukuthinta okuthinta okuningi kusukela ekusungulweni koMicrosoft Mouse noMicrosoft Trackpad, u-El Capitan ulethe ukusekela ngokuqondile kokuthinta izenzo ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi iMeyili neMilayezo.
• Amamephu: Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Maps lwazi ulwazi lokuthutha lomphakathi olwengeziwe kumamephu wesifunda. Ukwesekwa kokuqala kwakunomkhawulo wamasethingi amakhulu, kodwa amanye amamephu e-transit ayengeziwe ngezibuyekezo ezilandelayo.
• I-Disk Utility: I-Disk Utility ibone ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-interface yomsebenzisi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezici eziningi, kufaka phakathi ikhono lokudala nokusekela izigcawu ze-RAID.
• I-Spotlight: Injini yokusesha ye-Spotlight yabone ukwengeza kwesimo sezulu, isitoko, izindaba, kanye nezikolo zezemidlalo njengezinto eziseshekayo.
• Ukuvikelwa kobuqotho beSistimu: SIP (System Integrity Protection) isici esisha sokuphepha esihlanganisiwe ku-OS. Nge-SIP, amafayili amaningi wesistimu nezinqubo azikwazanga ukuguqulwa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza noma izinhlelo, ngisho noma umsebenzisi enezimpande. I-SIP iphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni uhlelo lokudonsa, nge-malware noma ngengozi.

04 ka-14

I-OS X Yosemite (10.10.x)

Usuku lokukhululwa kwangempela: Okthoba 16, 2014

Intengo: Ukulandwa kwamahhala (kudinga ukufinyelela ku-Mac App Store)

I-OS X Yosemite yaletha ukuvuselela okukhulu komsebenzisi womsebenzisi. Ngenkathi imisebenzi eyisisekelo yesikhombimsebenzisi ihlala isilingana, ukubukeka kwathola u-Ushintsho olungcono, kufaka esikhundleni sefilosofi yesici se-skeuomorph ye-Mac yasekuqaleni, eyenza ukusetshenziswa kwezingqikithi zokuveza izinto ezibonisa umsebenzi wangempela wento, ngesakhiwo soguquko esicacile esilingisa isikhombikubona somsebenzisi esibonakala kumadivayisi we-iOS. Ngaphezu kokushintshwa kwezithonjana namamenyu, ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zefasitela ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zenzeke ukubonakala kwazo.

U-Lucida Grande, i-font system ye-default, washintshwa ngu-Helvetica Neue, futhi i-Dock yalahlekelwa ukubonakala kwayo kwe-3D glass shelf, yafakwa esikhundleni se-2D yangaphandle.

• Ukuqhubekela phambili kanye neHandoff: Yosemite yayihlanganisa ikhono lenqubo yokusebenza ukuhlanganisa namadivayisi we-iOS 8 noma kamuva. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Handoff, isevisi esetshenziswa i-Bluetooth LE ne-Wi-Fi, abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa ama-Macs abo ukubeka noma ukuphendula amakholi wefoni nge-iPhones yabo, futhi basebenzise ama-iPhones abo ukuze bakhe izindawo zokuhlala, bavumele ama-Macs ukuba axhumane ne-iPhone yabo uhlelo lwedatha. Ukuqhubekela phambili kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe obufanayo ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenze kuhlelo lokusebenza kudivayisi eyodwa, bathi i-iPad, bese uqoqa lapho baye khona ohlelweni olulinganayo kwi-Mac yabo.
• Isikhungo sezaziso: Isikhungo sezaziso sangeze ukubukwa okusha kweNamuhla okubonise izibuyekezo ezifike ngesikhathi, njengezulu, amasheya, kanye nezenzakalo zekhalenda.
• Izithombe: I-Yosemite 10.10.3 yabona i-iPhotos ne-Aperture efakwe esikhundleni se-app entsha yokuphathwa kwesithombe sezithombe. Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kwezithombe kwakungekho okuningi kwezici ze-iPhotos noma ukuvula ukuthi abasebenzisi beze bathembela kuyo, futhi kubonakala sengathi isinyathelo emuva kwabaningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguqulo ezintsha ze-Izithombe zibhekene nokukhathazeka okuningi komsebenzisi.
• Imodi emnyama: Okukhethwa kukho kwesistimu entsha okwenza kube mnyama ibha yemenyu ne-Dock ngokuhambisana nesimo sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ukusebenzisa izizinda ezimnyama.

05 ka-14

OS X Mavericks (10.9.x)

Idethi yokuqala yokukhululwa: Okthoba 22, 2013

Intengo: Ukulandwa kwamahhala (kudinga ukufinyelela ku-Mac App Store)

I-OS X i-Mavericks iphawula ukuphela kokuqamba uhlelo lokusebenza ngemuva kwamakati amakhulu; esikhundleni salokho, i-Apple yayisebenzisa amagama asePalifornia. I-Mavericks ibhekisela emncintiswaneni omkhulu we-wave-wave onfing oqhutshwa minyaka yonke ogwini lwaseCalifornia, eduze nePillar Point, ngaphandle kwedolobha laseHalf Moon Bay.

Izinguquko kuma-Mavericks zigxile ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhulisa impilo yebhethri.

• I-Timer Coalescing: Le nqubo yanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU ngokuvumelanisa imisebenzi. Lokhu kwavumela i-CPU ukuthi isebenze imisebenzi njalo uma iphapheme, futhi ivumele i-CPU ukuba ilale isikhathi eside. Umphumela wokuphela wawungaphansi kokuvuka, ukusebenza okusheshayo komsebenzi jikelele, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri ngenxa yezikhathi zokulala ze-CPU.
• App Nap: Ngaphambi lokusebenza Nap, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza begijima kodwa hhayi ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ewusizo; isibonelo, ukulinda okufakwayo komsebenzisi kungagcina ama-processors esebenzayo, ukuchitha amandla nokukhiqiza ukushisa ngaphandle kwenzuzo yangempela. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Nap lungenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ngabanye zilale uma zingasebenzi, noma uma amafasitela namabhokisi abo efilosofi befihliwe ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza esikrinini.
• Imemori Ecindezelekile: Ama-Mavericks abone ukufakwa kwenqubo entsha yokuphatha imemori eyasiza ekuvimbeleni i-disk paging, futhi yenza ukusetshenziswa kangcono kwememori etholakalayo. Umphumela wokuphela wukuthi iMemori Ecindezelekile yandisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza ngokusebenzisa kangcono isikhala se-RAM. Kwakubuye kube nomthelela ohlangothini wokudinga ama-RAM amancane ukwenza imisebenzi, okwenza i-Mac ne-RAM encane ifakwe ukwenza sengathi yayinokwedlula okwenziwe ngempela.
• Ikhi yekhiya ye-iCloud: Abasebenzisi abavunyelwe ukugcina amaphasiwedi, amagama omsebenzisi, nolunye ulwazi lwe-ID ngokuphepha ku-iCloud, bese usebenzisa ulwazi kunoma iyiphi yamadivayisi wabo we-Apple.
• Amamephu: Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Maps lunikezwe ku-Mac, lilingisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Maps olutholakala kumadivayisi we-iOS.
• I-Safari: Injini entsha ye-JavaScript ithunyelwe nge-Safari okwandisa ukusebenza kwe-Safari, ngokushaya i-Chrome ne-Firefox emisebenzini eminingi.
• I-Finder: I-Finder yengeze isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi esibhekene namathebhu, kanye nesistimu entsha yokumaka ukuhlela amafayela.

06 ka-14

OS X Mountain Lion (10.8.x)

Idethi yokuqala yokukhululwa: Julayi 25, 2012

Intengo: Ukulandwa kwamahhala (kudinga ukufinyelela ku-Mac App Store)

Uhlelo lokugcina lwesistimu yokusebenza oluzobizwa ngekati elikhulu, i- OS X Mountain Lion yaqhubeka nomgomo wokuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi ye-Mac ne-iOS. Ukuze usize ukuletha izinhlelo zokusebenza ndawonye, ​​i-Mountain Lion iqambe kabusha ikheli lekheli kwi-Oxhumene nabo, iCal kuya ku-Ikhalenda, futhi i-iCal ne-Imibiko. Kanye nezinguquko zegama lesicelo, izinguqulo ezintsha zithole uhlelo olulula lokuvumelanisa idatha phakathi kwamadivayisi we-Apple.

• Isikhungo sezaziso: Okusha nge-Mountain Lion, isikhungo sezaziso sinikeze indlela ehlanganisiwe yokwamukela nokuhlela izaziso ezikhishwe izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsiza zewebhu.
• Amanothi: Uma sekuyingxenye yeMeyili, Amanothi aphuliwe njengehlelo lwawo elihlukile; lokhu kufanelana nokuqaliswa kweManothi ku-iOS. Amanothi avumelanisiwe kuwo wonke amadivayisi we-Apple womsebenzisi.
• Imilayezo: Uhlelo lokusebenza olusha lweMilayezo lushintshe uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iChat oluthathwa kahle oluyinkinga yokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo ezizukulwaneni zangaphambilini ze-OS X. Imilayezo isekela i-Apple iMessage protocol esetshenziswa kumadivayisi we-iOS, kanye ne-XMPP (Jabber), i-AIM (AOL Messant Instant) ), ne-OSCAR, kanye nokuxhumana ku-Yahoo! I-Messenger ne-Google Talk.
• Isikhungo segeyimu: Enye uhlelo lokusebenza elisha okwenza i-crossover evela ku-iOS, i-Game Center ikuvumele ukuthi udlale ngokumelene nabanye abadlali be-Game Center, ulandelele izikolo nezimpumelelo, futhi ulandele ibhodi lomholi emdlalweni ngamunye.
• I-AirPlay Mirroring: Lesi sici esisha sivumele okuqukethwe kokubonisa kwakho kubonakale kudivayisi ye-Apple TV kunethiwekhi yakho yendawo.

07 ka-14

I-OS X Lion (10.7.x)

Usuku lokukhululwa kwangempela: Julayi 20, 2011

Intengo: Ukulandwa kwamahhala (kudinga i-OS X Snow Leopard ukufinyelela ku-Mac App Store)

I-Lion kwakuyindlela yokuqala yokusebenza kwe-Mac etholakalayo njenge-download kusuka ku-Mac App Store, futhi idinga i-Mac ene-Intel ye-Intel pro processor. Lesi sidingo sisho ukuthi ezinye ze-Intel Macs zokuqala ezisetshenziselwa ukucubungula i-Intel 32-bit azikwazanga ukubuyekezwa ku-OS X Lion. Ngokungeziwe, i-Lion ilahlekelwe ukwesekwa kwe-Rosetta, isendlalelo sokulinganisa esasiyingxenye yezinguqulo zokuqala ze-OS X. I-Rosetta yavumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibhalelwe amandla we-PowerPC Macs (okungewona i-Intel) ukugijima kuma-Macs asebenzisa i-Intel processors.

I-OS X Lion yayiyi-version yokuqala ye-Mac yokusebenza uhlelo lokufaka izinto ezivela ku-iOS; ukuguqulwa kwe-OS X ne-iOS kwaqala ngalokhu kukhululwa. Enye yezinhloso zeThe Lion kwakuwukuqala ukudala ukufanana phakathi kwama-OS amabili, ukuze umsebenzisi ahambe phakathi kwalaba ababili ngaphandle kwezidingo zangempela zokuqeqesha. Ukwenza lokhu kube lula, kunezici eziningi zezici nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezangeziwe ukuthi zilingisa indlela i-interface ye-iOS esebenze ngayo.

• I-Launchpad: Lesi siqalisi esisha sesicelo sibheke futhi siqhutshwa njengesiqalisi sohlelo lokusebenza ku-iOS. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Launchpad iyinsiza, ayizange ifake ifolda yeDock noma yezicelo ezikhona; esikhundleni salokho, linikeza enye indlela yokuqala izinhlelo zokusebenza.
• Ibhalela yeBhotela: IOS isebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukunyuka kwemvelo, futhi i-OS X Lion ifaka njengendlela yokweqa okuzenzakalelayo. Kubasebenzisi abaningi be-Mac, umphumela wawudideka kakhulu, njengoba isiqondiso sokupheqa sishintshiwe. Ngokujabulisayo, izintandokazi zesistimu zikuvumele ukuthi ukhethe indlela ofuna ukuyisebenzisa . Ngaphandle kokupheqa kwemvelo, imigoqo yokupheqa nayo yaba engabonakali uma ingasetshenziswa. Lokhu kungabuye kuguqulwe ezintandokazi zesistimu.
• Ukulondoloza okuzenzakalelayo nama-Versions: Okusha nge-OS X Lion, Auto Gcina izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivunyelwe ukuthi zigcine ngokuzenzakalelayo amadokhumenti njengoba usebenza kuzo; Izinguquko zikuvumele ukuthi ufinyelele ukubuyekezwa okudlule kwedokhumenti.
• I-Space Layout Layout Randomisation: Le nqubo yokuvikela inikeza idatha yesistimu nedatha ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ngokungahleliwe enkumbulweni. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-malware ekubhekiseni indawo eyaziwayo ukuze uzijobe ngokwawo kuhlelo lokusebenza noma isevisi.
• Ifayili ye-Vault 2: Ivuselelwe iVault ye-Vault ukuze unikezele ngokubethelwa ngokugcwele kwe-disk esikhundleni sokubethela isikhala somsebenzisi nje.

08 ka-14

OS X Snow Leopard (10.6.x)

Usuku lokukhululwa kwangempela: Agasti 28, 2010

Intengo: $ 29 umsebenzisi ongashadile; Iphakethe lomndeni wama-$ 49 (abasebenzisi abangu-5); iyatholakala kwi-CD / i-DVD

I-Snow Leopard yayiyi-version yokugcina ye-OS enikezwa ngemidiya yemvelo (i-DVD). Kuyi-version endala ye-Mac yokusebenza osengathenga ngokuqondile ku-Apple Store ($ 19.99).

I-Leopard yeqhwa icatshangwa njengendlela yokugcina yama-Mac wesistimu yokusebenza. Ngemuva kwe-Snow Leopard, uhlelo lokusebenza luqala ukufaka izingcezu nezingxenye ze-iOS ukuletha isiteji esivumelanisa ngaphezulu kwi-Apple mobile (i-iPhone) nezinhlelo zedeskithophu (Mac).

I-Snow Leopard iyisistimu yokusebenza engu-64-bit, kodwa futhi yinguqulo yokugcina ye-OS eyesekela abacubungula abangu-32-bit, njengezintambo ze-Intel's Core Solo kanye neCore Duo ezazisetshenziswa kwi-Intel Macs yokuqala. I-Snow Leopard yayiyi-version yokugcina ye-OS X engasebenzisa i-emulator ye-Rosetta ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibhaliwe ku-PowerPC Macs.

• I-Mac App Store: I-Snow Leopard yinguqulo yokuqala ye-OS yokufaka i- Mac App Store yokuthenga, ukulanda, ukufaka, nokubuyekeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Mac , kufaka phakathi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Mac. I-Mac App Store yanezelwa ngokukhululwa kwe-10.6.6.
• I-Finder: I-Finder yabhalwa ngokuphelele ku-Cocoa ukuze isize ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza jikelele futhi isebenzise ubuchwepheshe obusha obakhelwe ohlelweni lokusebenza.
• Ukusekelwa kwe-Multi-Touch: I-Snow Leopard yinguqulo yokuqala ye-OS eyayihlanganisa ukwesekwa okuphelele kwe-multi-touch natively. Izinguqulo zangaphambili zama-Macs ezazinama-trackpads amaningi axhunyiwe zinqunyelwe inombolo yezintandokazi eziningi ezithintekayo.
• I-OS Footprint: Isiteji se-Snow Leopard sincishisiwe saba ngaphansi kwe-7 GB yokushayela isikhala.
• I-AppleTalk: I-protocol yokuqala yenethiwekhi esetshenziswa yi-Apple engasasekelwa.
• I-Boot Camp: I-Boot Camp yazuza ikhono lokufunda nokukopisha amafayela kusuka kumqulu we-HFS +.

09 ka-14

I-OS X Leopard (10.5.x)

Idethi yokuqala yokukhululwa: Okthoba 26, 2007

Intengo: $ 129 umsebenzisi ongashadile: $ 199 iphakethe lomndeni (abasebenzisi abangu-5): iyatholakala kwi-CD / i-DVD

I-Leopard yayiyizinguquko ezinkulu ezivela ku-Tiger, inguqulo yangaphambilini ye-OS X. Ngokusho kwe-Apple, iqukethe izinguquko ezingaphezu kuka-300 nokuthuthukiswa. Nokho, iningi lalezo zinguquko zazibhekiswe kwezobuchwepheshe obuqeda abasebenzisi bengaboni, nakuba abathuthukisi bekwazi ukusebenzisa.

Ukuqaliswa kwe- OS X Leopard kwakwephuzile , sekuhlelwe ukuthi kuqale ukukhishwa kuka-2006. Isizathu sokubambezeleka kwakukholelwa ukuthi bekuyi-Apple ehlukanisa imithombo ye-iPhone, eyaboniswa emphakathini okokuqala ngoJanuwari ka-2007, futhi yathengiswa ngoJuni.

• Umshini Wesikhathi: Esinye sezici ezintsha ezinkulu eLeopard kwakungokufakwa kokuqala kwesikhathi se- Time Machine , uhlelo lokusebenza lokusekela olwaluyisisombululo okwakulula ukusetha nokusebenzisa, futhi kulula ukuthola nokubuyisela amafayela ngabanye uma kudingeka.
• I-Boot Camp: Nakuba abasebenzisi base bevele bezulazula ngezindlela zokusebenzisa iWindows kwi-Hardware ye-Intel-based hardware, i- Boot Camp yindlela yokuqala esemthethweni eyamukelwa futhi ikhuthazwe yi-Apple . I-Boot Camp inikeze amathuluzi wokuhlukanisa ukuqala kokuqalisa kwe-Mac ukufaka ivolumu ye-Windows, kanye nabashayeli abadingekile ukuvumela iWindows ukuthi isebenze nge-hardware ye-Mac.
• Izikhala: Kuvunyelwe ukudalwa kwamadokhumenti okubonakalayo, ngalinye equkethe izicelo namafasitela asetshenziselwa imisebenzi ethile . Ungakha isikhala sokusebenza ngama-imeyili nokuphequlula iwebhu, enye yokudlala, kanye nesithathu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhiqiza. Ukhawulelwe kuphela ukuthi zingaki "izikhala" ongazithola nazo.
• Ukubuka okusheshayo : Isevisi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi evumela amadokhumenti ukuba abhekwe ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthi aqalise izinhlelo ezibadala.
• Ukuguquka komsebenzisi womsebenzisi: I-Leopard ihlanganise nezinguquko ezincane zobunikazi bomsebenzisi, kuhlanganise i-3D Dock ne-bar yemenyu ebonakalayo. I-icon yokuqala yama-Apple enemibala eminingi emgqeni wamenyu ishintshwe ngenguqulo emnyama.
• Ukusayina Isicelo: I-Leopard yinguqulo yokuqala ye-Mac yokusebenzisa isimiso esasayina ukusayina ukhiye womphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza azizange zithinteke, noma ukuthi izibuyekezo zaziyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo futhi akuyona ingxenye ye-malware eyenziwa njengeyodwa.

10 kwangu-14

I-OS X Tiger (10.4.x)

Usuku lokukhululwa kwangempela: Ngo-Ephreli 29, 2005

Intengo: $ 129 umsebenzisi ongashadile; Iphakethe lomndeni we-$ 199 (abasebenzisi abangu-5); iyatholakala kwi-CD / i-DVD

I-OS X Tiger yinguqulo yesistimu yokusebenza esebenzayo lapho kukhishwa i-Intel Macs yokuqala. Inguqulo yokuqala ye-Tiger isekela kuphela ama-Macs asekelwe endala ye-PowerPC; inguqulo ekhethekile ye-Tiger (10.4.4) ifakiwe ne-Intel Macs. Lokhu kwaholela ekudidekeni phakathi kwabasebenzisi, abaningi babo ababezama ukubuyisela i-Tiger kwi-Intel iMacs yabo kuphela ukuthola ukuthi inguqulo yangempela ayiyikulayisha. Ngokufanayo, abasebenzisi be-PowerPC abathengile izinguqulo ezincishisiwe zeTiger ngaphandle kwe-intanethi bathole ukuthi lokho okwakuthola ngempela kwakuyi-Intel ecacile inguqulo efike nge-Mac yomuntu.

Ukudideka okukhulu kweTiger akuzange kususwe kuze kukhishwe i-OS X Leopard; yayihlanganisa ama-binary yonke angasebenza ku-PowerPC noma i-Intel Macs.

• I-Rosetta: Lolu hlobo lokuhumusha oluhlanganiswe nezinguqulo zamuva ze-OS X Tiger izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivunyelwe kubonisi bePowerPC ukugijima ku-Intel Macs.
• Okubukwayo: Lobuchwepheshe bokuqala bokusesha buvele kuqala ku-Tiger, okuvumela ukuthi i- Spotlight isetshenziselwe ukusesha zonke izinhlobo zedokhumenti ezikhona ku-Mac. Ukubukeka kwabuye kwafaka umqondo we- Smart Folders , amafolda akhethekile okuqukethwe kwawo okuhlale kubuyekezwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlunguleni okusetshenzwa ngumsebenzisi. Lokhu kwavumela abasebenzisi ukudala ama-Smart Folders angaqukatha, isibonelo, wonke amadokhumenti abasebenza ngalo ngesonto eledlule.
• IChat AV: Lokhu kwengezwa ohlelweni lwemiyalezo ye-IChat kuvunyelwe abantu abane ukuba bahlanganyele kwingqungquthela yevidiyo.
• Ideshibhodi: Indawo ekhethekile evumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zenziwe nge-HTML, CSS, ne-JavaScript kuphela. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zaziwa njengezigajethi, futhi zacatshangwa njengokubuyiselwa kwamaDisk Accessories, uhlobo lohlelo oluvamekile ku-Mac OS yangaphambilini.
• I-Automator: Ithuluzi lokubhala livumela abasebenzisi ukuxhumanisa ndawonye izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo ezihlala kuma-Macs abo, zibavumela ukuba benze ukuzenzekela okuzenzakalelayo kokusebenza komsebenzi nge-isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esicacile.
• Isikhala somsebenzisi esingu-64-bit: I-Tiger isekela kokubili amaprosesa angu-32-bit no-64-bit. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Tiger angase asekele isikhala esiphezulu se-userland esetshenziselwa isikhala, okwandisa inani lememori elingabhekiswa ngokuqondile.

11 kwangu-14

I-OS X Panther (10.3.x)

Idethi yokuqala yokukhululwa: Okthoba 24, 2003

Intengo: $ 129 umsebenzisi ongashadile; Iphakethe lomndeni we-$ 199 (abasebenzisi abangu-5); iyatholakala kwi-CD / i-DVD

I-Panther yaqhubeka nomkhuba we-OS X ukukhishwa okuhlinzeka ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okubonakalayo. Lokhu kwenzeka njengoba abathuthukisi be-Apple baqhubeka nokuhlanza nokuthuthukisa ikhodi esetshenziselwa uhlelo lokusebenza olusha olusha.

I-Panther iphinde ikhombe okokuqala i-OS X yaqala ukuyeka ukusekelwa kwamamodeli amadala ase Mac, kuhlanganise ne-Beige G3 ne-Wall Street PowerBook G3. Amamodeli alahlekelwa wonke ama-ROM Toolbox ROM asetshenziswa ebhodini lologi. Ibhokisi le-ROM liqukethe ikhodi esetshenziselwa ukwenza izinqubo ezithile zokuqala ezazisetshenziselwa ukwakha ubuciko be-Mac. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, i-ROM isetshenziselwe ukulawula inqubo yebhodi, umsebenzi owenziwa ngaphansi kwe-Panther manje olawulwa yi-Open Firmware.

• I-Finder: I- Finder yasebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esisha esenziwe nge-brushed-metal esabandakanya ibha yamabha yamashadi angasetshenziswa kalula. Ukwengeza, i-Finder yayihlanganisa ukwesekwa okuqondile kokugaya nokufaka amafayela.
• Ukuguqulwa komsebenzisi okusheshayo: Lesi sici sivumele umsebenzisi ukuba ahlale angene ngemvume ngenkathi omunye umsebenzisi engena ngemvume futhi ethatha iMac.
• I-Exposé: Umphathi wewindi owavumela wonke amafasitela avulekile ukuba aboniswe njengezithonjana, uvumele umsebenzisi ukuthi ashintshe ngokushesha phakathi kwabo.

12 kwangu-14

I-OS X Jaguar (10.2.x)

Usuku lokukhululwa kwangempela: Agasti 23, 2002

Intengo: $ 129 umsebenzisi ongashadile; Iphakethe lomndeni we-$ 199 (abasebenzisi abangu-5); iyatholakala kwi-CD / i-DVD

I-Jaguar ingenye yezinguqulo zami ezithandayo ze-OS X, nakuba lokho kungase kubangelwe ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi uSteve Jobs wabiza kanjani igama ngesikhathi sesingeniso sakhe: jag-u-waarrr. Lokhu kwakuyi-version yokuqala ye-OS X lapho igama le-cat elisetshenziswe khona ngokomthetho. Ngaphambi kukaJaguar, amagama ekati ayaziwa esidlangalaleni, kodwa u-Apple wayehlale ewashicilela ezincwadini zezinombolo ze-version.

I-OS X i-Jaguar ifaka inzuzo enkulu yokusebenza ngaphezu kwenguqulo yangaphambilini. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi isimiso sokusebenza se-OS X sisasungulwa kahle ngabathuthukisi. I-Jaguar nayo yabona ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kwehluzo, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthi yayihlanganisa abashayeli abahlelwe kahle be-ATI ne-NVIDIA ochungechunge lwe-AGP-based card cards.

• I-MPEG-4: Ukusekela izinga le-MPEG-4 lakhiwe ku-Jaguar nge-QuickTime.
• Ibhuku Lekheli: Lokhu kwakuwukuqala kokuqala kweNcwadi Yekheli ukuze kugcinwe ulwazi loxhumana naye.
• I-iTunes: Nakuba i-iTunes yayitholakale ku-Mac ngaphambili, lokhu kwakuyi-version yokuqala ye-OS X eyayihlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iTunes.
• Inkwell: Inkwell inikeze ukuqashelwa kokubhala ngesandla. Lolu buchwepheshe buqale lwaqaliswa i-Newton OS, nomsizi wedijithali womuntu siqu waseNewton owedlule.
• I-Rendezvous: Le protocol yokuxhumanisa ivumela amadivaysi kwinethiwekhi yendawo ukuba athole amanye amadivaysi, okwenza ukusethwa kwenethiwekhi ikakhulukazi inqubo ye-plug-and-play. U-Rendezvous uqanjwe kabusha ku-Bonjour ngezihumusho zamuva ze-OS X.
• Ukudlula: Ifayela lefayela le-HFS + libuyekeziwe ngokusekelwa kwe-journaling. Ukudlulisa ukuthembeka okukhuphukile kwesistimu yefayela, futhi wanezela izici zokutakula idatha.
• I-Universal Access: Lesi sici silethe izinhlelo zokufinyelela ezikhethekile ku-Mac ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa okulula ngabantu ngabanye abanezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zomzimba.
• I-CUPS: I-subsystem yokunyathelisa ku-OS X ithuthukiswe ukusekela i-CUPS (i-Common Unix Printing System System). Lokhu kwavumela ukhetho olwengeziwe lwephrinta kubasebenzisi be-Mac, ngoba abashayeli abatholakalayo kalula bangasetshenziswa kunokwezifiso ezenzelwe i-Mac.
• I-SMB (i-Samba): I-Jaguar yayihlanganisa ukwesekwa kwe-Samba, iseva yomthombo ovulekile ongasebenza ne-Microsoft ye-SMB yokuxhumanisa uhlelo. Lokhu kwavumela ukusetha okulula nokusebenzisa ifayela kanye nokwabelana kwephrinta phakathi kwama-Macs nama-Windows PC.
• I-Mac Mac: I-Jaguar ikhombise ukuphela kwe-Happy Mac, isikrini esicacisiwe esicacisiwe esikhombisa ubuso obomomothekayo. Esikhundleni salo, uJaguar wasebenzisa ingu-grey ye logo ye-Apple.

13 kwangu-14

I-OS X Puma (10.1.x)

Usuku lokukhululwa kwangempela: Septemba 25, 2001

Intengo: $ 129; Isibuyekezo samahhala kubasebenzisi be-Cheetah; iyatholakala kwi-CD / i-DVD

I-Puma ibhekwe ikakhulu njengendlela yokulungiswa kwe-bug ye-OS X Cheetah yasekuqaleni eyandulela yona. I-Puma iphinde inikeze ukusebenza okuncane okuncane. Mhlawumbe okushiwo kakhulu ukuthi ukukhululwa kwePuma kwakungesiyo uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokusebenzisa amakhompyutha we-Macintosh; esikhundleni salokho, i-Mac ibambezelwe ku-Mac OS 9.x. Abasebenzisi bangashintshela ku-OS X Puma, uma befisa.

Kwakungeke kube yi-OS X 10.1.2 ukuthi i-Apple ibeke i-Puma njengohlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokusebenzisa ama-Macs amasha.

• Ukusekelwa kwe-CD ne-DVD okungcono: I-Finder ne-iTunes yayihlanganisa ukwesekwa okuqondile kokusebenza ngama- CD nama-DVD ; Ama-DVD angadlala emuva kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Apple DVD player.
• Amashayeli wephrinta angeziwe: i-Apple ithi i-OS X Puma inebashayeli bephrinta abangaphezu kuka-200 etholakalayo. Noma kunjalo, ukushicilela kwakuyinkinga nge-OS X entsha njengabakhiqizi bephrinta ambalwa befaka ukusekela.
• Amashayeli avulekile we-OpenGL: Amashayeli avulekile we-OpenGL athuthukise ukusebenza kwehluzo, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ze-3D esetshenziswa ku-interface yomsebenzisi kanye nezicelo.
• I-ColorSync: Umbala we-ColorSync ulethe ukuphathwa kombala ku-OS X , okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahle ukuhlehlisa umbala obonwe ekuboniseni nasezintweni eziprintiwe.
• Isithombe sokuthwebula: Lesi sesevisi esiyi-standalone senezelwe ku-Puma ukuze kuvunyelwe izithombe ezivela kumakhamera we-digital kanye ne-scanner ukuthi zilandelwe ku-Mac ngaphandle kokudinga uhlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile kusuka kubakhiqizi benkampani yangaphandle.

14 kwangu-14

I-OS X Cheetah (10.0.x)

Usuku lokukhululwa kwangempela: Mashi 24, 2001

Intengo: $ 129; iyatholakala kwi-CD / i-DVD

I-Cheetah yiyokuqala kokukhishwa okusemthethweni kwe-OS X, nakuba kwakukhona i-beta yomphakathi yangaphambili ye-OS X etholakalayo. I-OS X yashintsha ngempela kusuka ku-Mac OS eyandulele i-Cheetah. Imelela uhlelo olusha lokusebenza olusha ngokuhluke ngokuphelele ku-OS yangaphambilini eyanika amandla i-Macintosh yasekuqaleni.

I-OS X yakhiwe kumgqa onjenge-Unix owenzelwe ikhodi eyenziwe yi-Apple, NeXTSTEP, BSD, noMak. I-kernel (ngokuyisisekelo i-kernel hybrid) isetshenzisiwe i-Mach 3 nezici ezihlukahlukene ze-BSD, kufaka phakathi isitoreji senethiwekhi kanye nesistimu yefayela. Ihlanganiswe nekhodi esuka ku-NeXTSTEP (ephethwe yi-Apple) ne-Apple, uhlelo lokusebenza lwalwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Darwin, futhi lukhishwe njenge-software evulekile yomthombo ngaphansi kwelayisense yomthombo we-Apple Public.

Amazinga aphezulu wesistimu yokusebenza, kuhlanganise nohlaka lweCocoa neCarbon olusetshenziswa ngabathuthukisi be-Apple ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo, kwahlala umthombo ovaliwe.

I-Cheetah yayinezinkinga ezimbalwa lapho idedelwa, kufaka phakathi ukuthambekela kokukhiqiza ama-kernel panics ekudonsweni kwephephe. Kubonakala sengathi izinkinga eziningi zivela ohlelweni lokuphatha imemori olusha kuDarwin no-OS X Cheetah. Ezinye izici ezintsha ezitholakala ku-Cheetah zifakiwe:

• I-Dock: I-Dock yayiyisiqalisi sohlelo lokusebenza olwethulwa njengebhande phansi noma izinhlangothi zombukiso. Izithombe ezimele izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye namadokhumenti zingabekwa (zenzeke) ku-Dock, zenze kube lula ukufinyelela nokuqaliswa.
• I-Terminal: Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Terminal lunikeze ukufinyelela kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Darwin usebenzisa i-standard standard line interface. Kuze kube sekupheleni, i-Mac OS ingenye yezinhlelo ezimbalwa zokusebenza ezazingenayo isikhombimsebenzisi somugqa womyalo etholakalayo.
• Imeyili: I-OS X iza nekhasimende le-imeyli elakhiwe .
• I-Multitasking yokuqala: Ngenkathi i-Mac OS yayinamandla okuhlanganisa okuningi, isetshenziselwa uhlelo lokubambisana, ngemisebenzi yohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye olucelayo, futhi ngethemba lokuthi lunikezwa, ukusebenzisa izinsiza zesistimu. I-multitasking yokuzilungiselela iqinisekisa ukufinyelela ohlelweni uma kudingeka.
• I-Aqua UI: Isixhumanisi esisha somsebenzisi saziwa njenge-Aqua. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-Cheetah, uSteve Jobs ukhulume izinkinobho ezintathu ezingaphezulu kwamafasitela amaningi, ethi bachithe isikhathi esiningi benza ukuba babonakale behle kakhulu kangangokuthi "babekhohliwe."
• Ukusekelwa kwe-PDF: Izicelo zakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-PDF ngokusebenzisa amasevisi wokuphrinta akhiwe ku-OS X.
• I-Quartz: Ekuqaleni, i-Apple ibheka ukusebenzisa i-Display PostScript ukushayela ihluzo zokubonisa ze-OS X; lo mbono wawusekelwe endleleni i-NeXTSTEP eyasebenzisa ngayo i-Display PostScript kwimikhiqizo yayo. Esikhundleni salokho, i-Apple ithuthukise ukubonisa kwayo ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi i-Quartz, eyasetshenziswa i-PostScript ekugcineni kwefayili ewindidi ephakathi kwe-model-rendered.
• I-AppleScript: I-OS X ifake ulimi lwe-AppleScript olubhalwe yi-Mac kusukela ku-System 7 (Mac OS).
• I-Sherlock: Uhlelo lokusesha ukuthola idatha ehlala ku-Mac noma iwebhu.
• Imemori eVikelekile: Izicelo zinikezwa izingxenye zememori ezivimbela uhlelo lokusebenza olonakalisa indawo yalo yememori ukuze ukwazi ukungena kwezinye izindawo zememori ezisetshenziswa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo zesistimu.