Indlela yokufaka futhi i-Double Boot Linux ne-Mac OS

I-Mac iyinye yamapulatifomu ekhompyutheni enokwethenjelwa atholakalayo, futhi ingenza ipulatifomu enkulu yokusebenza kuphela i-Mac OS, njenge- MacOS Sierra yamanje, kodwa futhi i-Windows ne-Linux. Eqinisweni, i -MacBook Pro iyi-platform ethandwa kakhulu ekusebenzeni i-Linux.

Ngaphansi kwe-hood, i-hardware ye-Mac ifana kakhulu nezingxenye eziningi ezisetshenziswe kuma-PCs anamuhla. Uzothola imindeni efanayo yeprosesa, i-graphics enginesisetshenziswa, izinkinobho zokuxhumana, nokuningi okuningi.

Ukuqalisa iWindows kwi-Mac

Lapho i-Apple ishintshe kusuka ku-Intanethi ye-PowerPC eya ku-Intel, abaningi bazibuza ukuthi i-Intel Macs ingaqalisa iWindows. Ivula isikhubekiso esiwukuphela kwezinto okwenza ukuthi iWindows isebenze ku -motherboard eyakhelwe e-EFI esikhundleni sezingqikithi eziningi ezisekelwe kwi-BIOS .

I-Apple inikeze isandla ngomzamo ngokukhulula i- Boot Camp, insiza efaka phakathi ama-Windows abashayeli bawo wonke ama-hardware ku-Mac, ikhono lokusiza umsebenzisi ekusetheleni i-Mac ngokuphinda kabili phakathi kwe-Mac OS ne-Windows, futhi umsizi wokuhlukanisa futhi ukufometha idrayivu yokusetshenziswa yi-Windows OS.

Iqalisa i-Linux ku-Mac

Uma ungasebenzisa i-Windows ku-Mac, ngokuqinisekile kufanele ukwazi ukugijima cishe nganoma yikuphi i-OS eyenzelwe ukuklanywa kwe-Intel, akunjalo? Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuyiqiniso, noma kunjalo, njengezinto eziningi, uDeveli usemininingwane. Ukusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux kukwazi ukugijima kahle kuma-Mac, nakuba kungaba nezinselele zokufaka nokulungisa i-OS.

Izinga lezinkinga

Le phrojekthi yabasebenzisi abathuthukile abanesikhathi sokusebenza ngezinkinga ezingase zithuthuke endleleni, futhi zizimisele ukubuyisela i-Mac OS nedatha yabo uma izinkinga zenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo.

Asikholelwa ukuthi kuzoba nezinkinga ezinkulu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka, ngakho-ke lungilungele, ube nesipele samanje, futhi ufunde yonke inqubo ngaphambi kokufaka Ubuntu.

Ukufaka kanye nabashayeli

Izinkinga esizihlangabezane nazo ngokuthola ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux ukusebenza i-Mac zivame ukuzungeza izindawo ezimbili zenkinga: ukuthola i-installer ukuthi isebenze kahle ne-Mac, nokuthola nokufaka wonke amashayeli adingekayo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-Mac yakho uzosebenza. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuthola amashayeli adingekayo nge- Wi-Fi ne- Bluetooth , kanye nabashayeli abadingekayo ohlelweni lwehluzo iMac yakho isebenzisa.

Kuyinto ehlazo i-Apple enganikeli ngamashayeli ajwayelekile angasetshenziswa ne-Linux, kanye nesifaki esiyisisekelo nomsizi, njengoba senze nge-Windows. Kodwa kuze kube yilapho kwenzeka (futhi singeke sibambe ukuphefumula kwethu), uzodinga ukubhekana nezinkinga zokufaka kanye nokulungisa okunye ngokwakho.

Sithi "ngandlela-thile" ngoba sizokunikeza umhlahlandlela oyisisekelo wokusabalalisa i-Linux oyintandokazi esebenzayo kwi-iMac, kanye nokukutshela ezinsizeni ezingakusiza ukulandelela phansi abashayeli oyidingayo, noma ukusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga zokufaka ongase ukwazi uhlangabezane.

Ubuntu

Kunezinsalela eziningi ze-Linux ongakhetha kuzo kule phrojekthi; ezinye zaziwa kakhulu zihlanganisa (ngaphandle kwe-oda elithile) Debian, MATE, i-OS eyisisekelo, i-Arch Linux, i-OpenSUSE, i-Ubuntu, ne-Mint. Sinqume ukusebenzisa i-Ubuntu ngale phrojekthi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamaforamu asebenzayo kanye nokwesekwa okutholakala emphakathini we-Ubuntu, kanye nokwethulwa kwe-Ubuntu olunikeziwe kwi-Linux How-To yethu.

Kungani ufake Ubuntu ku-Mac yakho?

Kunesisindo sezizathu zokufuna ukuthi Ubuntu (noma ukusabalalisa kwakho okuthandayo kwe-Linux) kusebenze ku-Mac yakho. Ungase ufisa nje ukukhulisa ama-chops wakho wezobuchwepheshe, ufunde nge-OS ehlukile, noma unayo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidingekayo ozisebenzisayo. Ungase ube ngumthuthukisi we-Linux futhi uqaphele ukuthi i-Mac iyisipulatifomu engcono kunazo zonke ongayisebenzisa (Singase sithandeke kulowo mbono), noma ungase ufune nje ukuzama Ubuntu ngaphandle.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani, le projekthi izokusiza ukufaka Ubuntu ku-Mac yakho, futhi unike amandla i-Mac yakho ukuze ihlanganise i-Boot phakathi kwe-Ubuntu ne-Mac OS kalula. Eqinisweni, indlela esizoyisebenzisela ukuphinda kabili kunganconywa kalula kube ukuqhutshwa okuphindwe kabili noma ngaphezulu.

Okudingayo

• Isipele sangamuva . Sincoma i-clone engxenyeni yangaphandle ye-bootable efaka ikhophi yevolumu ye-Recovery HD. Sincoma i- Carbon Copy Cloner , engayenza i -clone iphinde ifake ukwahlukana kokubuyisela. Uma usuvele unomsebenzi owusebenzayo, unqamule kusuka ku-Mac yakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isipele se-clone asikhishwe ngengozi ngesikhathi sokufaka Ubuntu.
• I-Mac ene-2 ​​GB ye-RAM ne-2 GHz yomseli oyinhloko wombili . Njengoba ungase usolise, lezi zingenani eziphansi; I-RAM eyengeziwe kanye nesisindo seprosesa esheshayo noma izinsimbi zeprosesa ezengeziwe zingasiza kuphela. Sifaka kwi-retina iMac engu-27-intshi engu-27 intshi, kodwa inqubo eyisisekelo kufanele isebenze noma yikuphi ama-Mac anamuhla (amasha kune-2011). Uma uzosebenzisa i-Mac endala, kufanele usakwazi ukufaka i-Ubuntu kodwa kuzodingeka uqaphele ukuthi inqubo yebhobhothi isebenza kanjani kwi-hardware endala. Uma unenkinga yokuthola i-Mac yakho esebenzayo ukuthi isebenze no-Ubuntu, yimisa amaforamu e-Ubuntu uphinde ufune iziqondiso zokufaka ze-Mac yakho.
• I-2 GB noma i-USB flash drive enkulu . I-flash drive izosetshenziselwa ukufaka i-Ubuntu engenawo kuphela isifaki esiyisisekelo, kodwa inguqulo ebukhoma ye-Ubuntu ukuthi ungagijima ngokuqondile kwi-USB flash drive ngaphandle kokulungisa noma yini kwi-Mac yakho. Lena yindlela enhle yokuhlola ukuthi ngabe i-Mac yakho ne-Ubuntu ingahamba kanjani.
• Ikhibhodi ye-USB negundane . Udinga ikhibhodi esekelwe e-USB kanye negundane ngoba kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi abashayeli be-Ubuntu Bluetooth bayodingeka bafakwe noma bavuselelwe ngaphambi kokuba ikhibhodi engenantambo noma igundane izosebenza.
• Isikhala sedrayivu yamahhala esingu-25 GB . Lokhu kungukuthi ubuncane obunconyelwe inguqulo yedeskithophu yobuntu esizobe sesiyifaka; isikhala esiningi sokusebenza nayo singaba yinzuzo.
• Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS . Lena inguqulo yamanje esekelwe yobuntu eyayitholakala lapho siqala le phrojekthi. Izinguqulo zamuva kufanele zisebenze futhi, zihlole nje amanothi okukhululwa nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ezithile ezingathinta ukufakwa noma ukusebenzisa ku-Mac yakho.

Dala I-Bootable USB Ubuntu Installer ye-Mac OS

Umsebenzi wethu wokuqala ekufakeni nasekulungiseleleni Ubuntu ku-Mac yakho ukudala idrayivu evulekile ye-USB flash drive equkethe Ubuntu Desktop OS. Sizosebenzisa le flash drive ukuze singagcini Ubuntu kuphela, kodwa ukuhlola ukuthi Ubuntu ingagijima ku-Mac yakho ngokusebenzisa ikhono lokuqalisa i-Ubuntu ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwe-USB ngaphandle kokufaka ukufaka. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sihlole imisebenzi eyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuba uzinikele ekushintsheni ukumiswa kwakho kwe-Mac ukuze usebenzise Ubuntu.

Ilungiselela i-USB Flash Drive

Esinye sezikhubekiso zokuqala ongase uhlangabezane nazo ukuthi i-flash drive kufanele ifomethiwe kanjani. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi i-flash drive idinga ukufometha ifomethi ye-FAT, efuna ukuthi uhlobo lokuhlukanisa lube yi-Master Boot Record, kanti uhlobo lwendlela luzoba yi-MS-DOS (FAT). Nakuba lokhu kungase kuqiniswe ekufakweni kuma-PC, i-Mac yakho ifuna izinhlobo ze-GUID zokuhlukanisa, ngakho-ke sidinga ukufometha i-flash flash drive ukuze isetshenziswe ku-Mac.

1. Faka i-USB flash drive, bese uqala iDisk Utility , etholakala / Izicelo / Izinsiza / .
2. Thola i- flash drive ku-sidebar ye-Disk Utility. Qinisekisa ukukhetha i-flash yangempela drive, hhayi ivolumu efomathiwe engase ibonakale nje ngezansi kwegama lomkhiqizi we-flash drive.
   
   Isexwayiso : Inqubo elandelayo izosula ngokuphelele noma iyiphi idatha ongayithola kwi-USB flash drive.
3. Chofoza inkinobho yokukhipha ku-toolbar ye-Disk Utility.
4. Ishidi lokusula lizokwehla. Setha ishidi lokushiya kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
   • Igama: UBUNTU
   • Ifomethi: I- MS-DOS (FAT)
   • I-Scheme: GUID Imephu yokuhlukanisa
5. Uma ishidi lokukhipha lihambisana nezilungiselelo ezingenhla, chofoza inkinobho yokukhipha .
6. I-flash flash drive izosulwa. Uma inqubo iphelele, chofoza inkinobho eyenziwe .
7. Ngaphambi kokuba ushiye iDisk Utility udinga ukwenza inothi legama ledivayisi yedrayivu. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-flash drive ebizwa ngokuthi i- UBUNTU ikhethwe ebhawulweni, bese kuyipaneli enkulu, bheka idivayisi efakwe ohlwini. Kufanele ubone igama ledivayisi , njenge-disk2s2, noma kimi, disk7s2. Bhala phansi igama ledivayisi ; uzodinga kamuva.
8. Ungakwazi ukuyeka iDisk Utility.

UNetbootin Utility

Sizosebenzisa i-UNetbootin, isevisi ekhethekile ekudaleni isifaki se-Live Ubuntu ku-USB flash drive. I-UNetbootin izolanda i-Ubuntu ISO, iguqule ibe yifomethi yesithombe iMac engayisebenzisayo, yakha uchungechunge lwebhokisi oludingwa yi-installer ye-Mac OS, bese uyikopisha kwi-flash flash drive.

1. I-UNetbootin ingalandwa kusuka kusayithi le-UNetbootin github. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhethe uhlelo lwe- Mac OS X (noma ngabe usebenzisa i-MacOS Sierra).
2. Umbuso uzolanda njenge-disk image, negama le-unetbootin-mac-625.dmg. Inombolo yangempela egameni lefayela ingashintsha njengezinguqulo ezintsha.
3. Thola isithombe se-UNetbootin disk esilandiwe ; cishe kuyoba kufolda yakho Yokulanda.
4. Chofoza kabili ifayela le- .dmg ukufaka isithombe kudeskithophu yakho ye-Mac.
5. Isithombe se-UNetbootin sivula. Awudingi ukuhambisa uhlelo lokusebenza kufolda yakho yezicelo, noma ungakwazi uma ufisa. Uhlelo lokusebenza luzosebenza kahle ngaphakathi kwesithombe sedisk.
6. Qalisa i-UNetbootin ngokuchofoza ngakwesokudla kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-unetbootin bese ukhetha Vula kusuka kwimenyu evamile .
   
   Qaphela: Sisebenzisa le ndlela ukuze siqalise uhlelo lokusebenza ngoba unjiniyela akayena umthuthukisi we-Apple obhalisiwe, futhi izilungiselelo zokuphepha ze-Mac zingavimbela uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthi luqalise. Le ndlela yokuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza ikuvumela ukuthi udeqe izilungiselelo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo ngaphandle kokuthi ungene kuzifiso zokusethinta ukuze uziguqule.
7. Isistimu yokuphepha ye-Mac yakho izobe ikuxwayise mayelana nomthuthukisi wohlelo lokusebenza engaziwa, bese ubuza ukuthi ufuna ngempela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza. Chofoza inkinobho Vula .
8. Ibhokisi lebhokisi lizovula, lisho ukuthi i-osascript ifuna ukwenza izinguquko. Faka iphasiwedi yomlawuli wakho bese uchofoza OK .
9. Iwindi ye-UNetbootin izovulwa.
   
   Qaphela : i-UNetbootin isekela ukwakha isifaki se-Live Live ku-Linux ngokusebenzisa ifayela le-ISO owalayishiwe ngaphambili, noma lingalanda ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux kuwe. Ungakhethi inketho ye-ISO; I-UNetbootin okwamanje ayikwazi ukudala idrayivu ye-USB ehambelana ne-USB esebenzisa i-Linux ISO oyilanda njengomthombo. Kodwa-ke, kungadala ngokuzenzakalelayo idrayivu ye-USB bootable uma ilandelwa amafayela we-Linux ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza.
10. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukusabalalisa kukhethiwe, bese usebenzisa imenyu ye-drop Distribution ye-Distribution ukuze ukhethe ukusatshalaliswa kwe - Linux ongathanda ukuyifaka kwi-flash flash drive. Kule phrojekthi, khetha Ubuntu .
11. Sebenzisa imenyu ye-Select Version yehla imenyu ukuze ukhethe 16.04_Live_x64 .
    
    Ithiphu : Sikhethe inguqulo ye-16.04_Live_x64 ngoba le Mac isebenzisa isakhiwo se-64-bit. Ezinye i-Intel Macs zakuqala zasebenzisa izakhiwo ezingu-32-bit, futhi kungase kudingeke ukhethe inguqulo engu-16.04_Live esikhundleni.
    
    Ithiphu : Uma ungumuntu othakazelisayo, ungakhetha izinguqulo ze-Daily_Live noma ze-Daily_Live_x64, ezoba ne-beta yangempela kakhulu ye-Ubuntu. Lokhu kungasiza uma unenkinga nge-USB Live isebenza ngokufanele ku-Mac yakho, noma nabashayela njenge-Wi-Fi, Display, noma i-Bluetooth engasebenzi.
12. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-UNetbootin kufanele manje luhlu luhlobo (USB Drayivu) negama leDrayivu ukuthi ukusabalalisa Ubuntu Live kuzokopishwa. Uhlobo lwemenyu kufanele lube ne-USB Drayivu, futhi iDrayivu kufanele ifane kuze kube segama ledivaysi owenze inothi langaphambili, uma ufometha i-flash flash drive.
13. Uma usuqinisekise ukuthi i-UNetbootin ine-Distribution, Version, ne-USB Drive ekhethiwe, chofoza inkinobho OK .
14. I-UNetbootin izolanda ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux ekhethiwe, yakha amafayela wokufaka we-Live Linux, yakha i-bootloader, bese uyikopisha ku-USB flash drive yakho.
15. Lapho i-UNetbootin iqedela, ungabona lesi sixwayiso esilandelayo: "Idivayisi edala ye-USB ngeke iqede i-Mac. Yifake ku-PC, bese ukhetha inketho ye-USB boot kwimenyu ye-Boot Boot." Ungayishaya indiva lesi sixwayiso uma nje usebenzisa isenzo se-Distribution hhayi ukhetho lwe-ISO uma udala idrayivu ye-USB eboshiwe.
16. Chofoza inkinobho yokuphuma .

Idrayivu ye-USB Live equkethe Ubuntu idalwe futhi ilungele ukuzama ku-Mac yakho.

Ukwakha isahluko se-Ubuntu ku-Mac yakho

Uma uhlela ukufaka unomphela Ubuntu kwi-Mac yakho ngenkathi ugcina i-Mac OS, kuzodingeka ukhiqize umqulu owodwa noma ngaphezulu okwakhiwa ngokuqondile kwi-Ubuntu OS.

Inqubo empeleni ilula kakhulu; uma uke wahlukanisa imoto yakho ye-Mac, usuvele wazi izinyathelo ezihilelekile. Ngokuyinhloko, uzosebenzisa i-Disk Utility ukuze uhlukanise ivolumu ekhona, njengokushayela kwakho kokuqala kwe-Mac, ukuze wenze indawo yevolumu yesibili. Ungasebenzisa futhi yonke idrayivu, ngaphandle kwedrayivu yakho yokuqalisa, ukufaka Ubuntu, noma ungakha esinye isahluko ku-non-startup drive. Njengoba ungabona, kunezinqumo eziningi.

Ukuze ungeze enye inketho, ungase ufake i-Ubuntu ngedrayivu yangaphandle exhunywe nge-USB noma i-Thunderbolt.

Izimfuneko zokuhlukanisa Ubuntu

Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ukuthi i-Linux OSes idinga ama-partition amaningi ukuze asebenze kahle; ukuhlukanisa okukodwa kwesikhala sokushintshashintsha i-disk, esinye se-OS, nengxenye yesithathu yedatha yakho yomuntu siqu.

Ngenkathi Ubuntu ingasebenzisa ama-partition amaningi, iphinde ikwazi ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa, futhi yiyiphi indlela esizoyisebenzisa. Ungakwazi njalo ukungeza ukwahlukanisa okushicilelwe kamuva ngaphakathi kwe-Ubuntu.

Kungani Udala Isahluko Esilodwa Nje Manje?

Sizosebenzisa i-disk partitioning utility ehlanganiswe no-Ubuntu ukudala isikhala sokugcina esidingekayo. Lokho esikudingayo i-Mac's Disk Utility ukuze usenzele kuchaza leso sikhala, ngakho kulula ukukhetha nokusebenzisa uma ufaka Ubuntu. Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela: uma sifika endaweni yokufaka i-Ubuntu lapho kunikwe khona isikhala sedrayivu, asifuni ukukhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo i-Mac OS drive ekhona, noma iyiphi idatha ye-Mac OS oyisebenzisa, kusukela ekudaleni isikhala sizosula noma yiluphi ulwazi kumqulu okhethiwe.

Esikhundleni salokho, sizokwakha ivolumu ngegama elilula ukuthola igama, ifomethi, nosayizi ozovela uma kufika isikhathi sokukhetha ivolumu yokufaka Ubuntu.

Sebenzisa i-Disk Utility ukuze udale i-Ubuntu Install Target

Kukhona ukubhala okuhle okuhle sizokuthumelela ukufunda ukuze kukutshele imininingwane, isinyathelo-ngesinyathelo, ukufometha nokuhlukanisa ivolumu usebenzisa i-Mac's Disk Utility

Isexwayiso : Ukuhlukanisa, ukususa kabusha, nokufometha noma yikuphi ukushayela kungaholela ekulahlekeni kwedatha. Qinisekisa ukuthi unesipele samanje kwanoma iyiphi idatha kumathuluzi akhethiwe ahilelekile.

Ithiphu : Uma usebenzisa i- Fusion drive , i-Mac OS ibeka umkhawulo wezingxenye ezimbili kwivolumu ye-Fusion. Uma usuvele udale ukwahlukana kwe-Windows Boot Camp, ngeke ukwazi ukwengeza ukwahlukanisa kwe-Ubuntu. Cabanga ukusebenzisa i-drive yangaphandle ne-Ubuntu kunalokho.

Uma uzosebenzisa ukwahlukana okukhona, bheka lezi ziqondiso ezimbili zokuguqula nokuhlukanisa:

Isevisi yediski: Indlela yokuvuselela i-Mac Volume (OS X El Capitan noma kamuva)

Ukuhlukanisa iDrayivu nge-OS X El Capitan's Disk Utility

Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa i-drive yonke ye-Ubuntu, sebenzisa umhlahlandlela wokufometha:

Fometha idrayivu ye-Mac usebenzisa i-Disk Utility (OS X El Capitan noma kamuva)

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi iziqondiso ozisebenzisayo, khumbula ukuthi uhlelo lokuhlukanisa kufanele lube ngu-GUID Ukuhlukanisa Imephu, futhi ifomethi ingaba yi-MS-DOS (FAT) noma i-ExFat. Ifomethi ayinandaba nakakhulu ngoba izoshintsha uma ufaka Ubuntu; Inhloso yalo lapha nje ukwenza kube lula ukubona ukuthi iyiphi i-disk kanye nokwahlukana ozokusebenzisa ku-Ubuntu kamuva kwinqubo yokufaka.

Enye inothi lokugcina: Nikeza ivolumu igama elinenjongo, njenge-UBUNTU, futhi wenze inothi lesayizi ohlukanisayo owenzayo. Zombili izingcezu zolwazi zizosiza ekuboneni ivolumu kamuva, ngesikhathi sokufaka Ubuntu.

Ukusebenzisa i-rEFInd njengoMphathi wakho we-Dual-Boot

Kuze kube manje, sisebenze ukwenza i-Mac yakho ilungele ukuthola i-Ubuntu, kanye nokulungiselela isofthiwe esiyi-bootable esingayisebenzisa ngenqubo. Kodwa kuze kube manje, siye sazinaka ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukuphinda siqale i-Mac yakho ku-Mac OS kanye ne-Ubuntu OS entsha.

Abaphathi be-Boot

I-Mac yakho isivele ifika ifakwe umphathi we-boot ekuvumela ukuthi ukhethe phakathi kwama-multiple Mac noma ama-OSes angase afakwe kwi-Mac yakho. Kulezi ziqondiso ezihlukahlukene, ngivame ukuchaza indlela yokufaka umphathi we-boot ekuqaleni ngokubamba phansi ukhiye wokukhetha, njengokusebenzisa i -OS X Recovery Disk Umsizi womsizi .

U-Ubuntu ufika nomphathi wakhe we-boot, obizwa nge-GRUB (GRAND Unified Boot Loader). Sizosebenzisa i-GRUB maduzane, uma siqhuba inqubo yokufaka.

Bobabili abaphathi boothutho abasebenzisa bangakwazi ukubhekana nenqubo yokubamba ngokubili; Empeleni bangakwazi ukusingatha ama-OS amaningi amaningi kunamabili. Kodwa umphathi we-boot we-Mac ngeke aqaphele i-Ubuntu OS ngaphandle kokunciphisa okuncane, futhi umphathi we-boot we-GRUB akayithandi neze.

Ngakho-ke, sizosikisela ukuthi usebenzise umphathi we-boot wesithathu okuthiwa i-rEFInd. i-rEFInd ingakwazi ukusingatha zonke izidingo zakho zokuqamba ama-Mac, kufaka phakathi ukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe i-Mac OS, Ubuntu, noma i-Windows, uma kungenzeka ukuthi ifakiwe.

Ukufaka i-rEFInd

I-rEFInd kulula ukufaka; Umyalo we- Terminal elula yiwo wonke okudingekayo, okungenani uma usebenzisa i- OS X Yosemite noma ngaphambili. I-OS X El Capitan futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ine-layer yokuphepha eyengeziwe ebizwa nge-SIP (System Integrity Protection). Ngamafuphi, i-SIP ivimbela abasebenzisi abajwayelekile, kuhlanganise nabaphathi, ekushintsheni amafayela wesistimu, kufaka phakathi amafayela okukhetha kanye namafolda i-Mac OS isebenzisa yona.

Njengomphathi we-boot, i-rEFInd idinga ukuzifaka yona ezindaweni ezivikelwe yi-SIP, ngakho-ke uma usebenzisa i-OS X El Capitan noma kamuva, kuzodingeka ukhubaze uhlelo lwe-SIP ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.

Ukukhubaza i-SIP

1. Sebenzisa imiyalelo ekusebenziseni i-OS X Recovery Disk Umsizi womsizi, oxhunywe ngenhla, ukuqala kabusha i-Mac yakho usebenzisa i-HD Yokubuyisela.
2. Khetha Izinsiza > Terminal kusuka kumamenyu.
3. Ewindini lokugcina elivula, faka lokhu okulandelayo:
   csrutil khubaza
4. Cindezela Faka noma Buyela .
5. Qala kabusha i-Mac yakho.
6. Uma usubuyele emuva kwedeskithophu ye-Mac, qalisa i- Safari futhi ulande i-rEFInd kusuka ku-SourceForge ku-rEFInd beta, umsizi womphathi we-EFI.
7. Uma ukulanda kuqedile, ungayithola kufolda ebizwa ngokuthi i-refind-bin-0.10.4. (Inombolo ekugcineni kwegama lefolda ingashintsha njengoba izinguqulo ezintsha zikhishwa.) Vula ifolda ye-refind-bin-0.10.4.
8. Qalisa i-Terminal, etholakala / Izicelo / Utilities /.
9. Hlela iwindi le-Terminal kanye ne-refind-bin-0.10.4 iwindi lokuthola ukuze bobabili babonakale.
10. Hudula ifayela elibizwa nge-refind-install kusuka kufolda ye-refind-bin-0.10.4 eya efasiteleni lokugcina.
11. Ewindini lokugcina, cindezela u- Enter noma u- Return .
12. I-rEFInd izofakwa ku-Mac yakho.
    
    Ukuzikhethela kodwa kunconywa :
    1. Shintsha i-SIP ngokufaka okulandelayo ku-Terminal:
       csrutil inikwe amandla
    2. Cindezela Faka noma Buyela .
13. Vala ukuphela.
14. Khubaza i-Mac yakho. (Musa ukuqala kabusha; sebenzisa umyalo wokuShut Down .)

Ukusebenzisa i-USB Drive Live ku-Try Out Ubuntu ku-Mac yakho

I-USB Live ye-Ubuntu esadala ekuqaleni ingasetshenziselwa ukufaka unomphela Ubuntu ku-Mac yakho, kanye nokuzama ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka i-OS. Ngokuqinisekile ungagxuma ekwenzeni ukufaka, kodwa ngizocoma ukuthi uzame Ubuntu kuqala. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi kuzokuvumela ukuba uthole noma yiziphi izinkinga obhekene nazo ngaphambi kokufaka ngokugcwele.

Ezinye zezinkinga ongayithola zifaka ukufakwa kwe-Live USB engasebenzi ngekhadi lakho le-graph Mac. Lokhu kungenye yezindaba ezijwayelekile kakhulu zabasebenzisi be-Mac lapho befaka i-Linux. Ungathola futhi ukuthi i-Wi-Fi yakho noma i-Bluetooth ayisebenzi. Iningi lalezi zinkinga zingalungiswa ngemuva kokufaka, kepha ukwazi ngazo kusengaphambili kukuvumela ukuba wenze ucwaningo oluncane kwimvelo yakho ejwayelekile ye-Mac, ukulandelela izinkinga futhi mhlawumbe uthole amashayeli adingekayo, noma okungenani wazi ukuthi ungabathola kuphi .

Ukuzama Ubuntu ku-Mac yakho

Ngaphambi kokuthi uzame ukuthutha kuDrayivu ye-Live Live oyidalile, kunokuncane okulungiselelwe ukwenza.

• Qinisekisa ukuthi i-Drive Live flash drive ixhunyiwe ngqo kwelinye lezingxenyeni zakho ze- USB noma ze- Thunderbolt . Ungasebenzisi ihabhu le-USB, njengoba kungavamile ukushayela i-Live USB flash ukwehluleka ukubonisa uma uxhumekile ngehabhu.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi unekhibhodi ye-USB negundane le-USB elixhunywe ku-Mac yakho. Khumbula, enye yezinkinga ezijwayelekile ayitholakali abashayeli be-Bluetooth, okuyovimbela ikhibhodi yakho engenantambo negundane ukuthi ingasetshenziswa.
• Uma kunokwenzeka, xhuma i-Mac yakho kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya nge-port e-wired Ethernet. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu ezifanayo njengekhibhodi engenantambo noma igundane; kungenzeka ukuthi abashayela be-Wi-Fi bazodinga ukuvuselelwa noma ukungezwa ukuthola inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo isebenze.

Uma usulungele, ake sinikeze i-boot.

1. Vala phansi noma Qala kabusha i-Mac yakho. Uma ufake i-rEFInd umphathi we-boot uzovela ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma ukhethe ukungasebenzisi i-rEFInd ngokushesha nje uma i-Mac yakho iqala ukuqala, ubambe ukhiye we- Option . Qhubeka ubambe phansi uze ubone umphathi we-boot we-Mac ubonise uhlu lwamadivayisi atholakalayo ongaqala ngalo.
2. Sebenzisa okhiye bomcibisholo ukuze ukhethe noma i- Boot EFI \ boot \ ... entry ( rEFInd ) noma ukungena kwe- EFI Drive ( umphathi we-Mac Boot ) ohlwini.
   
   Ithiphu : Uma ungaboni i-EFI Drive noma i-Boot EFI \ boot \ ... ohlwini, vala futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-Drive Live flash drive ixhunyiwe ngqo ku-Mac yakho. Ungase futhi ufuna ukususa wonke amakheli kusuka ku-Mac yakho, ngaphandle kwegundane, ikhibhodi, i-USB Live flash drive, nokuxhumeka kwe-Ethernet yocingo.
3. Ngemuva kokukhetha isithonjana se- Boot EFI \ ... noma i- EFI Drive , cindezela u- Enter noma Buyela ekhibhodi.
4. I-Mac yakho izoqala ngokusebenzisa i-Live USB flash drive bese ihambisa umphathi we-boot GRUB 2. Uzobona ukubonisa umbhalo oyisisekelo okungenani okufakiwe okune:
   • Zama Ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka.
   • Faka Ubuntu.
   • Ukufakwa kwe-OEM (kubakhiqizi).
   • Hlola i-dis yeziphambeko.
5. Sebenzisa okhiye bomcibisholo ukuze ukhethe Zama Ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka , bese ucindezela Faka noma Buyisa .
6. Ukubukwa kufanele kube mnyama okwesikhashana, bese ubonisa isikrini se-Ubuntu splash, kulandelwa i-Ubuntu desktop. Isikhathi sonke salokhu kufanele sibe imizuzwana engu 30 kuya emaminithini ambalwa. Uma ulinde isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu, cishe kunenkinga yehluzo.
   
   Ithiphu : Uma isibonakaliso sakho sihlala esimnyama, awusoze ushiya isikrini se-Ubuntu splash, noma isibonakaliso singafundiwe, cishe unenkinga yokushayela ihluzo. Ungalungisa lokhu ngokuguqula umyalo we-Ubuntu boot loader njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi.

Iguqula i-GRUB Boot Loader Command

1. Vimbela iMac yakho ngokucindezela bese ubamba inkinobho ye- P ower .
2. Uma i-Mac yakho ivala phansi, qala kabusha futhi ubuyele esikrinini se- GRUB boot loader usebenzisa imiyalelo engenhla.
3. Khetha Ukuzama Ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka , kodwa ungacindezeli ukhiye we-Enter noma we-Return. Kunalokho cindezela ikhi 'e' lokufaka umhleli ozokuvumela ukuba wenze izinguquko kumyalo we-boot loader.
4. Umhleli uzoqukatha imigqa embalwa yombhalo. Udinga ukuguqula umugqa ofundayo:

   i-linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi ifayela = / cdrom / preseed / Ubuntu.seed boot = ukuthula okumanzi kuthumele ---

5. Phakathi kwamazwi 'splash' futhi '---' udinga ukufaka okulandelayo:

   nomodeet

6. Umzila kufanele uqede ukubuka kanje:

   i-linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi ifayela = / cdrom / preseed / Ubuntu.seed boot = ukuthula okuthungathayo kufaka igama le-nomodeet ---

7. Ukwenza ukuhlela, sebenzisa okhiye bomcibisholo ukuhambisa isikhombisi endaweni emva nje kokuthi igama lihlume , bese uthayipha ' nomodeset ' ngaphandle kwamaphuzu. Kufanele kube khona isikhala esiphakathi kwe-splash ne-nomodeet kanye nesithuba phakathi kwegama lomsebenzisi kanye ne----.
8. Uma umugqa ubonakala ulungile, cindezela u- F10 ukuze uqalise izilungiselelo ezintsha.

Qaphela : Izinguquko ozenzile nje azilondoloziwe; zisetshenziswe ngalesi sikhathi esisodwa kuphela. Uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-Try Ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka inketho esikhathini esizayo, uzodinga ukuhlela umugqa futhi.

Ithiphu : Ukwengeza 'i-nomodeet' yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokulungisa inkinga yehluzo uma ufaka, kodwa akuyona yedwa. Uma uqhubeka nokuba nezindaba zokubonisa, ungazama lokhu okulandelayo:

Hlela ukwenza kwekhadi legrafu yakho i-Mac yakho isebenzisa. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokukhetha Mayelana nale Mac kusuka kwimenyu ye-Apple. Bheka umbhalo odwe ngaphambilini I-Graphics, yenza inothi lemifanekiso esebenzayo, bese usebenzisa enye yamagugu alandelayo esikhundleni se- 'nomodeet':

nvidia.modeset = 0

i-radeon.modeset = 0

intel.modeset = 0

Uma usenenkinga ngesiboniso, hlola amaforamu e-Ubuntu ngezinkinga nge-model yakho ethize ye-Mac.

Manje ukuthi une-Live Live ye-Ubuntu egijima ku-Mac yakho, hlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho ye-WI-Fi isebenza, kanye ne-Bluetooth, uma kudingeka.

Ukufaka Ubuntu ku-Mac yakho

Okwamanje, unesidingo sokusebenza se-Live USB flash equkethe isofthiwe ye-Ubuntu, i-Mac yakho ihlelwe ngokuhlukanisa okulungele ukusetshenziswa ku-Ubuntu, nomunwe wegundane elilindile ulinde ukulanda uphawu lwe-Ubuntu olubonayo ku-Live Ubuntu ideskithophu.

Faka Ubuntu

1. Uma usulungile, chofoza kabili isithonjana se- Faka Ubuntu .
2. Khetha ulimi ozolisebenzisa, bese uqhafaza Qhubeka .
3. Vumela isifaki ukulanda izibuyekezo njengoba kudingeka, kokubili i-Ubuntu OS kanye nabashayeli abangase badinge. Beka uphawu lokuhlola ku- Updates Download ngenkathi ufake i-Ubuntu checkbox, kanye nokufaka isofthiwe yangaphandle yefrifikhi ne-WI-FI hardware, i-Flash, i-MP3, namanye amabhokisi okuhlola abezindaba . Chofoza inkinobho Qhubeka .
4. Ubuntu inikeza izinhlobo eziningi zokufaka. Njengoba sifisa ukufaka i-Ubuntu ngokuhlukanisa okuthile, khetha okuthize okunye ohlwini, bese uchofoza u- Qhubeka .
5. Umfakisi uzoletha uhlu lwamadivayisi wokugcina axhunyiwe ku-Mac yakho. Udinga ukuthola ivolumu owadalile usebenzisa i-Mac's Disk Utility ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yokuthi amagama wedivayisi ahlukile, udinga ukusebenzisa usayizi nesimo sevolumu owadalile. Uma usutholile ivolumu elungile, sebenzisa ukhiye wegundane noma umcibisholo ukugqamisa ukwahlukana , bese uchofoza inkinobho yokuguqula .
   
   Ithiphu : Ubuntu ibonisa ubukhulu bokuhlukanisa eMegabytes (MB), kanti i-Mac ibonisa usayizi njengeGigabytes (GB). 1 GB = 1000 MB
6. Sebenzisa Ukusetshenziswa njenge: imenyu yokudonsa ukuze ukhethe uhlelo lwefayela oluzosetshenziswa . Sithanda uhlelo lwamafayela we- ext4 lwe-journaling .
7. Sebenzisa imenyu ye-Mount Point yokudonsela phansi ukuze ukhethe "/" ngaphandle kwamaphuzu. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi uMsuka . Chofoza inkinobho OK .
8. Ungase uxwayiswe ukuthi ukukhetha usayizi omusha wokuhlukanisa kufanele kubhaliswe kwi disk. Chofoza inkinobho Qhubeka .
9. Ngehlukaniso osuvele uguqule ekhethiwe, chofoza inkinobho yokufaka manje .
10. Ungase uxwayiswe ukuthi awuzange uchaze noma yikuphi ukwahlukanisa okumele kusetshenziselwe isikhala sokushintsha. Ungangeza isikhala sashintsha kamuva; chofoza inkinobho yokuqhubeka.
11. Uzokwaziswa ukuthi izinguquko ozenzile zizozibophezela ku-disk; chofoza inkinobho yokuqhubeka.
12. Khetha indawo yesikhathi kusuka ebalazweni noma faka idolobha elikhulu ensimini. Chofoza Qhubeka .
13. Khetha isakhiwo sekhibhodi , bese uchofoza u- Qhubeka .
14. Setha i-akhawunti yakho ye-Ubuntu yomsebenzisi ngokufaka igama lakho, igama lekhompiyutha , igama lomsebenzisi , nephasiwedi . Chofoza Qhubeka .
15. Inqubo yokufaka izoqala, ngesibha sesimo esibonisa inqubekela phambili.
16. Uma ukufakwa sekuphelile, ungachofoza inkinobho yokuQala kabusha .

Manje kufanele ube nenqubo yokusebenza yobuntu efakwe ku-Mac yakho.

Ngemuva kokuqalisa kabusha, ungabona ukuthi umphathi we-rEFInd boot manje usebenza futhi ubonisa i-Mac OS, i-Recovery HD, ne-Ubuntu OS. Ungachofoza kunoma yiziphi izimpawu ze-OS ukuze ukhethe uhlelo lokusebenza olufisa ukuyisebenzisa.

Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuhlungu ukubuyela ku-Ubuntu, chofoza uphawu lwe- Ubuntu .

Uma ngemuva kokuqalisa kabusha unenkinga, njengamadivayisi alahlekile noma angasebenziyo (i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-printers, i-scanners), ungabheka umphakathi we-Ubuntu ngamasu mayelana nokuthola yonke i-hardware yakho esebenzayo.