Iningi labantu libuka ukwandiswa kwefayela bese uqagela uhlobo lwefayela kusuka kulolo lwandiso. Isibonelo uma ubona ifayela ene-extension, i-jpg, i-bmp noma i-png ongacabanga ngefayela lesithombe futhi uma ubona ifayela elinwetshiwe lwe-zip ucabanga ukuthi ifayela liye lacindezelwa besebenzisa i-zip compression utility .
Eqinisweni ifayela lingaba nesandiso esisodwa kodwa sibe yinto ehluke ngokuphelele futhi uma ifayela lingenayo isandiso ungayinquma kanjani uhlobo lwefayela?
Ku-Linux ungathola uhlobo lwamafayela weqiniso usebenzisa umyalo wefayela.
Indlela Ilayini Lefayela Elisebenza Ngayo
Ngokusho kwamadokhumenti, umyalo wefayela ugijima amasethi amathathu wokuhlolwa ngokumelene nefayela:
- ukuhlolwa kwesistimu
- ukuhlolwa kwemilingo
- ukuhlolwa kolimi
Isethi yokuqala yokuhlola ukubuyisela impendulo evumelekile kubangela ukuthi uhlobo lwefayela luzophrintiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Filesystem kuhlola ukubuya kusuka kocingo lwesistimu yesimiso. Uhlelo luhlola ukuhlola ukuthi ifayela alilutho nokuthi ngabe liyifayela elikhethekile. Uma uhlobo lwefayili litholakala efayeleni le-header yesistimu lizobuyiselwa njengohlobo lwefayela oluvumelekile.
Ukuhlolwa kwemilingo kuhlola okuqukethwe kwefayela futhi ikakhulukazi ama-bytes ambalwa ekuqaleni okusiza ukucacisa uhlobo lwefayili. Kukhona amafayela ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ukusiza ukufanisa ifayela nehlobo lwawo lwefayela futhi lezi zigcinwe ku / etc / magic, / usr / share / misc / magic.mgc, / usr / share / misc / magic. Ungakwazi ukunqoba lezi mafayili ngokufaka ifayela kufolda yakho yasekhaya ebizwa ngokuthi $ HOME / .magic.mgc noma $ HOME / .magic.
Ukuhlolwa kokugcina ukuhlolwa kolimi. Ifayela lihlolwe ukuze libone ukuthi liyifayela lokubhala. Ngokuhlola ama-bytes ambalwa okuqala wefayela ongahlola ukuthi ngabe i-ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16 noma kwenye ifomethi ebeka ifayela njengefayela lembhalo. Uma isethi esihleliwe sesinqunyiwe ifayela lihlolwe ngezilimi ezahlukene. Isibonelo yisihlelo se-ac ac.
Uma kungekho okuhlolwayo okusebenzayo okukhiphayo kuphela idatha.
Indlela Yokusebenzisa I-File File
Umyalo wefayela ungasetshenziswa kanje:
igama lefayela lefayela
Isibonelo cabanga ukuthi unayo ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi ifayela1 uzogijima umyalo olandelayo:
ifayela lefayela1
Okukhiphayo kuzoba okufana nalokhu:
ifayela1: Idatha yesithombe se-PNG, 640 x 341, i-8-bit / umbala we-RGB, okungewona ongaphakathi
Umkhiqizo obonisiwe ubonisa ifayela1 ukuba libe yifayela lesithombe noma ukuthi lifane nefayela eliphathekayo lenethiwekhi (PNG).
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zefayela ziveza imiphumela ehlukene kanje:
- Uhlobo lwefayela le-ISO - umkhakha we-boot DOS / MBR we-ISO 9660 CD-Rom yedatha 'yelebula' (i-bootable); isigaba sesi-2: ID = 0xef, qala-CHS (0x3ff, 254,63), ukuphela-CHS (0x3ff, 4,63) iziqalo zomkhakha 1496, 4736
- Uhlobo lwefayela le-ODS - I-OpenDocument Spreadsheet
- Uhlobo lwefayela le-PDF - I-PDF Document, version 1.4
- Uhlobo lwefayela le-CSV - umbhalo we-ASCII, ngemigqa ende kakhulu, nezinkomba ze-CRLF
Yenza ngokwezifiso I-Output From the Command File
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umyalo wefayela unikeza igama lefayela bese yonke imininingwane ngenhla kwefayela. Uma nje ufuna imininingwane ngaphandle kwegama lefayela ngokuphindaphindiwe sebenzisa inkinobho elandelayo:
ifayela -b ifayela1
Okukhiphayo kuzoba okufana nalokhu:
Idatha yesithombe se-PNG, u-640 x 341, i-8-bit / umbala we-RGB, ongenayo i-interlaced
Ungaphinda ushintshe umlayezo wezinhlamvu phakathi kwegama lomsebenzisi kanye nohlobo.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-delimiter iyi-colon (:) kodwa ungayishintsha kunoma yini oyithandayo njengophawu lwepayipi kanje:
ifayela -F '|' ifayela1
Okukhiphayo manje kuzoba okufana nalokhu:
ifayela1 | Idatha yesithombe se-PNG, u-640 x 341, i-8-bit / umbala we-RGB, ongenayo i-interlaced
Ukuphatha amafayela amaningi
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, uzosebenzisa umyalo wefayela ngokumelene nefayela elilodwa. Kodwa-ke, ungacacisa igama lomsebenzisi eliqukethe uhlu lwamafayela okuzocutshungulwa ngumyalo wefayela:
Njengesibonelo uvule ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi ama-testfiles usebenzisa umhleli we-nano bese wengeza le migqa kuwo:
- / njll / passwd
- /etc/pam.conf
- / njll / opt
Londoloza ifayela bese uqhuba umyalo wefayela olandelayo:
Amafayili e-file -f
Okukhiphayo kuzoba okufana nalokhu:
/ njll / passwd: umbhalo we-ASCII
/etc/pam.conf: Umbhalo we-ASCII
/ njll / opt: isiqondisi
Amafayela agxilile
Ngokuzenzakalelayo uma ugijima umyalo wefayela ngokumelene nefayela elicindezelwe uzobona okukhipha okuthile okufana nalokhu:
ifayela.zip: idatha ye-ZIP yomlando, okungenani i-V2.0 yokukhipha
Nakuba lokhu kukutshela ukuthi ifayela liyifayela lomlando ongawazi ngempela okuqukethwe kwefayela. Ungabheka ngaphakathi kwefayela le-zip ukubona izinhlobo zefayela zamafayela ngaphakathi kwefayela elicindezelweyo.
Umyalo olandelayo ugijima umyalo wefayela ngokumelene namafayela ngaphakathi kwefayela le-ZIP:
ifayili yefayela -z
Okukhiphayo manje kuzobonisa izinhlobo zefayela zamafayela ngaphakathi kwirekhodi.
Isifingqo
Ngokuvamile, iningi labantu lizovele lisebenzise umyalo wefayela ukuze uthole uhlobo oluyisisekelo lwefayela kodwa ukuthola kabanzi mayelana nawo wonke amathuba umyalelo wefayela ohlinzeka uthayipha okulandelayo efasiteleni lokugcina:
ifayela lomuntu