Umyalo we- Linux no- Unix uthola ukwenza usesho lwefayela kuma-directory wokuqondisa.
I-syntax yokuthola umyalo:
thola [indlela ...] [ukukhuluma]
Incazelo
Leli khasi lezincwadi liyabhala uhlobo lwe-GNU lokuthola . Umyalo uthola usesho lomuthi wesiqondisi olugxiliwe egameni ngalinye lefayela ngokunikezwa ngombhalo onikeziwe kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, ngokusho kwemithetho yokuqala (bheka isigaba se-Operators ngezansi), kuze kube yilapho umphumela waziwa; Ngamanye amazwi, ohlangothini lwesandla sobunxele lungamanga nokusebenza, okuyiqiniso noma , lapho kutholakala khona uthola igama elilandelayo lefayela.
Ingxabano yokuqala eqala ngo:
- -
- ( noma )
- ,
- !
kuthathwa njengesiqalo senkulumo; noma yiziphi izimpikiswano ngaphambi kokuba ziyizindlela zokusesha, futhi noma yiziphi izimpikiswano ngemuva kokunye okushiwo. Uma kungekho zindlela ezinikezwayo, isiqondisi samanje sisetshenziswa. Uma kungekho nkulumo enikeziwe, inkulumo- imprint isetshenziswa.
Umyalo wokuthola uphuma ngesimo se-0 uma wonke amafayela aqhutshwa ngempumelelo, angaphezu kuka-0 uma kwenzeka amaphutha.
Amazwi
Le nkulumo yenziwe ngezinketho (ezithinta ukusebenza jikelele kunokuba kusetshenziswe ifayela elithile, futhi zibuye zibuyele kuyiqiniso), izivivinyo (ezibuyisela inani eliyiqiniso noma lamanga), nezenzo (ezinemiphumela emibi futhi zibuyisela okuyiqiniso noma inani lamanga), bonke abahlukaniswe yi-opharetha. Le nkulumo- futhi icatshangwa lapho opharetha akhiyiwe khona. Uma le nkulumo iqukethe akukho izenzo ngaphandle kwe- imprint , ke -print isenziwa kuwo wonke amafayela lapho leli gama liyiqiniso.
Izinketho
Zonke izinketho zibuyela njalo. Zisebenza njalo, kunokuba zicutshungulwe kuphela lapho indawo yazo kulelo nkulumo ifinyelelwe. Ngakho-ke, ngokucacile, kungcono ukuwabeka ekuqaleni kwenkulumo.
| idaydayart | Linganisa izikhathi (for -amin, -atime, -cmin, -ctime, -mmin, kanye -timetime ) kusukela ekuqaleni kosuku kunokuba kusuka emahoreni angu-24 edlule. |
| -depth | Yenza okuqukethwe komqondisi ngamunye ngaphambi kwencwadi ngokwayo. |
| -balandela | Izixhumanisi ezingezansi zokungafani. Ibonisa -noleaf . |
| -help noma -help | Phrinta isifinyezo sokusetshenziswa komugqa wokulawula wokuthola nokuphuma. |
| -maxdepth [inombolo] | Yehla emazingeni amaningi kakhulu (a non-negative integer) of izinkomba ngezansi izingxoxo line umyalo. Inkulumo -maxdepth 0 isho kuphela ukusebenzisa izivivinyo nezenzo kumibono yomugqa womyalo. |
| -mindepth [inombolo] | Ungafaki noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa noma izenzo ezisezingeni elingaphansi kwenombolo (inamba engeyona inamba). Inkulumo- isenzo 1 isho ukucubungula wonke amafayela ngaphandle kwemibono yomugqa womyalo. |
| -mount | Ungawehla izinkomba kwezinye amafayela wefayela. Igama elithile le-- xdev , ngokuhambisana nezinye izinguqulo zokuthola . |
| -noleaf | Ungalungisi ngokucabanga ukuthi izinkomba ziqukethe ama-subdirectories angu-2 ambalwa kunezibalo zabo zokuxhumana ezinzima. * |
| -version noma --verver | Phrinta inombolo yombhalo yokuthola uphinde uphume. |
| -xdev | Ungawehla izinkomba kwezinye amafayela wefayela. |
* Lolu khetho luyadingeka lapho uhlola amasistimu amafayela angalandeli umhlangano we-Unix-link-link, njengamaCD-ROM noma amafayela wefayela le-MS-DOS noma amaphuzu we-AFS wokuphakama kwevolumu. Isiqondisi ngasinye kwisistimu yefayela ye-unix evamile sinokungenani izixhumanisi ezinzima ezimbili: igama layo kanye nalo . (isikhathi) ukungena. Ukwengeza, ama-subdirectories (uma ikhona) ngamunye ane-entry exhunywe kuleyo lwemibhalo.
Uma uthola ukuhlola uhla lwemibhalo, ngemuva kokumisa ama-subdirectories amabili ambalwa kunomhlahlandlela wokuxhumanisa kwesiqondisi, uyazi ukuthi konke okufakiwe kulolu lwemibhalo akuzona izinkomba ( faka amafayili esihlahleni somqondisi). Uma kuphela amagama amafayela kudingeka ahlolwe, asikho isidingo sokumisa; lokhu kunikeza ukwanda okukhulu kwejubane lokusesha.
Uvivinyo
Iziphakamiso zamanani zingacaciswa ngokuthi:
| + n | Okukhulu kune- n. |
| -n | Ngaphansi kuka- n. |
| n | Ncamashi n. |
| -amin n | Ifayela lagcina lifinyeleleke emaminithini adlule. |
| -anewer [ifayela] | Ifayela lagcina lifinyelelwe kamuva nje kunefayela eliguquliwe. -ukuphatha kuthinteka -kulandelwa kuphela uma-okulandela kufika ngaphambi -kuhambisana nomugqa womyalo. |
| -atime n | Ifayela lagcina lifinyelelwe n * amahora angu-24 edlule. |
| -cmin n | Isimo sefayili saguquliwe okokugcina imizuzu edlule. |
| -cnewer [ifayela] | Isimo sefayela saguquliwe kamuva nje kunokuba ifayela lishintshiwe. - umcibisholo uthinteka -ukulandelwa kuphela uma- okulandela kufika ngaphambi -kuncintisana emgqeni womyalo. |
| -i-nc. n | Isimo sefayili saguqulwa kokugcina n * amahora angu-24 edlule. |
| -ivuliwe | Ifayela alinalutho futhi lingaba ifayela elivamile noma isiqondisi. |
| -false | Ngamanga njalo. |
| -fstype [uhlobo] | Ifayela lisesimweni sefayela sohlobo olucacisiwe. Izinhlobo ezisetshenziswayo zamafayela ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinguqulo ezahlukene ze-Unix; uhlu olungaphelele lwezinhlobo zezinhlelo zefayela ezivunyelwe kwenye inguqulo ye-Unix noma enye: i-ufs, 4.2, 4.3, nfs, tmp, mfs, S51K, S52K. Ungasebenzisa i -printf nge-Directive ye-% F ukuze ubone izinhlobo zamafayela wakho wefayela. |
| -gid n | I-ID yeqembu lezinombolo zefayela yi- n . |
| -group [gname] | Ifayela lingeqembu leqembu (i-ID yezinombolo ezivunyelwe). |
| -igama [iphethini] | Njenga -lname, kodwa umdlalo wukuthi awunaki. |
| -iname [iphethini] | Like -name , kodwa umdlalo kungenakwenzeka. Isibonelo, amaphethini * no F? fanisa amagama wefayela Foo , FOO , foo , foo , njll. |
| -inum n | Ifayela inode inombolo n . |
| -ipath [iphethini] | Njenga-indlela, kodwa umdlalo uyingozi. |
| -iregex [iphethini] | Like-letx, kodwa umdlalo awunandaba. |
| -Izixhumanisi n | Ifayela alixhumanisi. |
| -lname [iphethini] | Ifayela liyisixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso okuqukethwe okuhambisana negobolondo iphethini. I-metacharacters ayiphathi / noma . ngokukhethekile. |
| -mminithi n | Idatha yefayela igcine ukuguqulwa n imizuzu edlule. |
| -mtime n | Idatha yefayela igcine ukuguqulwa amahora angu-24 adlule. |
| -name [iphethini] | Isizinda segama lefayela (indlela enezinkomba eziholayo zisusiwe) ifanisa iphethini yegobolondo. Ama-metacharacters ( * , ? , No- [] ) awafani . ekuqaleni kwegama lesisekelo. Ukungazinaki isiqondisi namafayela ngaphansi kwalo, sebenzisa -prune ; bheka isibonelo enchazweni-endleleni . |
| -new [ifayela] | Ifayela laguquliwe kamuva nje kunefayela . Le nkulumo -mniningwane iyathinteka-- landelwa kuphela uma- okulandela kufika ngaphambi -kunye emgqeni womyalo. |
| -souser | Akekho umsebenzisi ohambisana ne-ID yomsebenzisi wezinombolo zefayela. |
| -nogroup | Ayikho iqembu elihambisana ne-ID yenombolo yezinombolo zefayela. |
| -path [iphethini] | Igama lefayela lihambisana iphethini iphethini iphethini . I-metacharacters ayiphathi / noma . ngokukhethekile; ngakho, isibonelo, thola. -path './sr*sc izophrinta ukungena kwerejista ebizwa ngokuthi ./src/misc (uma ikhona). Ukungazinaki isihlahla somhlahlandlela wonke, sebenzisa -prune kunokuba uhlole wonke amafayela esihlahleni. Isibonelo, ukweqa isiqondisi src / emacs nawo wonke amafayela kanye nezinkomba ngaphansi kwalo, bese uprinta amagama amanye amafayela atholakele, yenza okufana nalokhu: thola. -path './src/emacs' -prune -o -print |
| -iperm [imodi] | Imikhawulo yemvume yefayela impela [imodi] (i-octal noma isifaniselo). Amamodeli agqamile sebenzisa imodi 0 njengephuzu lokuhamba. |
| -perm-mode | Yonke imishini ye-bits [imodi] isethelwe ifayela. |
| -perm + imodi | Noma yikuphi kwemibandela yemvume [imodi] isethelwe ifayela. |
| -hambise [iphethini] | Igama lefayela lifana nephethini yokukhuluma ejwayelekile. Lokhu kufana nomgwaqo wonke, hhayi usesho. Isibonelo, ukufanisa ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi ./fubar3, ungasebenzisa inkulumo evamile . * Ibha. noma . * b. * 3 , kodwa hhayi b. * r3 . |
| -ngabe n [bckw] | Ifayela isebenzisa n amayunithi wesikhala. Amayunithi amabhuloki angu-512-byte ngokuzenzakalelayo noma uma ilandela n , ama-bytes uma ilandela n , ama-kilobytes uma ilandela n , noma ama-2-byte amagama uma ulandela n . Ubukhulu abubala amabhlogo angabonakali, kodwa kubalwa amabhlogo kumafayela amancane angabelwe ngempela. |
| -ngempela | Njalo kuyiqiniso. |
| -uhlobo c | Ifayela lihlobo lohlobo c : |
| b | Vimba (okuhlungiwe) okhethekile |
| c | Isici (esingavunyelwe) esikhethekile |
| d | Uhlu |
| p | Iphayiphi ebizwa ngokuthi i-FIFO |
| f | Ifayela ejwayelekile |
| l | Isixhumanisi esifanayo |
| s | Isokhethi |
| D | umnyango (Solaris) |
| -uid n | I-ID yomsebenzisi wezinombolo zefayela is n . |
| -used n | Ifayela lagcina lifinyelelwe ezinsukwini ezingu-1 ngemuva kokuthi isimo salo sishintshwe ngokugcina. |
| -usus uname | Ifayela liphethwe ngumsebenzisi uname (i-ID yomsebenzisi yenombolo evunyelwe). |
| -xtype c | Kuyafana noku- ngaphandle uma ifayela liyisixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso. Izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso: uma- okulandelwayo akunikeziwe, kuyiqiniso uma ifayela liyisixhumanisi sefayela lohlobo c ; uma- okulandelwayo kunikeziwe, kuyiqiniso uma c kungu-l. Ngamanye amagama, ngezixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso, -xtype ihlola uhlobo lwefayela elingahloliswanga. |
Izenzo
-exec umyalo ;
Yenza umyalo ; kuyiqiniso uma isimo esingu-0 sibuyiselwa. Zonke iziphakamiso ezilandelayo zokuthola zithathwa njengezingxabano kumyalo kuze kube yingxoxo ehlanganisa `; ' uhlangabezane nazo. Intambo ethi `{} 'ithathelwa igama lefayela lamanje elibhekwa yonke indawo livela emibhalweni yomyalo, hhayi nje ezimpikiswaneni lapho yedwa, njengokunye kwezinye izinguqulo zokuthola . Zombili lezi zakhiwo zingase zidingeke ziphunyuke (nge `\ ') noma zicatshangelwe ukuzivikela ekukhuliseni ngegobolondo. Umyalo ukwenziwa kumhlahlandlela wokuqala.
-fls ifayela
Iqiniso; like -ls kodwa ubhala efayeleni njenge -print.
ifayela lefayili
Iqiniso; phrinta igama eliphelele lefayela kwifayili yefayela . Uma ifayela alikho lapho ukuthola kusebenza, kudalwe; uma ikhona, ithunyiwe. Amagama wefayela `` / dev / stdout '' kanye `` / dev / stderr '' athathwa ngokukhethekile; babhekisela ekuphumeni okujwayelekile nokukhishwa kwephutha elijwayelekile, ngokulandelana.
-fprint0 ifayela
Iqiniso; njengo -print0 kodwa ubhala efayeleni njenge -print.
-fprintf ifomethi yefayela
Iqiniso; njengo -printf kepha ubhala efayeleni njenge -print.
-ok umyalo ;
Like -exec kodwa ubuze umsebenzisi kuqala (ngokufaka okujwayelekile); uma impendulo ingaqali nge `y 'noma` Y', ungaqhubi umyalo, futhi ubuyele amanga.
Iqiniso; phrinta igama eliphelele lefayela kwi-output ejwayelekile, elandelwa i-newline.
-print0
Iqiniso; phrinta igama eliphelele lefayela kwi-output ejwayelekile, elandelwa umlingiswa ongalungile. Lokhu kuvumela amagama efayela afaka amakholi amasha ukuze ahunyushwe kahle yizinhlelo ezicubungula ukukhishwa okutholakele .
ifomu -printf
Iqiniso; phrinta ifomethi ekuphumeni okujwayelekile, ukuhumusha `\ 'kuphunyuka futhi'% 'iziqondiso. Ububanzi bezinsimu nezincazelo zingacaciswa njengokuthi `printf 'C umsebenzi. Ngokungafani nemprint, -printf ayifaki i-newline ekupheleni kogu. Ukuphunyuka nokuqondiswa yilokhu:
\ a
I-alarm bell.
\ b
I-Backspace.
\ c
Misa ukuphrinta kusuka kule fomethi ngokushesha bese ususa umkhiqizo.
\ f
Ifomu lokudla.
\ n
I-Newline.
\ r
Ukubuya kwezimoto.
\ t
Ithebhu evamile.
\ v
Ithebhu evamile.
\\
Ukubuyela emuva kwangempela (`\ ').
\ NNN
Umlingisi ogama lakhe le-ASCII yi-NNN (octal).
Uhlamvu `` 'olulandelwa yimuphi omunye umlingiswa uphathwa njengomuntu ojwayelekile, ngakho bobabili banyatheliswa.
%%
Uphawu lwephesenti langempela.
% a
Isikhathi sokugcina sefayela kufomethi efakwe umsebenzi weC `ctime '.
% A k
Isikhathi sokugcina sefayela kufomethi echaziwe ngu- k , okungukuthi `@ 'noma isiqondiso somsebenzi weC` strftime'. Izindinganiso ezenzekayo k zihlelwe ngezansi; ezinye zazo zingase zingatholakali kuwo wonke amasistimu, ngenxa yokungalingani ku- `strftime 'phakathi kwezinhlelo.
@
imizuzwana kusukela ngo-Jan. 1, 1970, 00:00 GMT.
Izinkambu zesikhathi:
H
ihora (00..23)
I
ihora (01..12)
k
ihora (0..23)
l
ihora (1..12)
M
iminithi (00..59)
p
AM sika-PM noma i-PM
r
isikhathi, amahora angu-12 (hh: mm: ss [AP] M)
S
okwesibili (00..61)
T
isikhathi, amahora angu-24 (hh: mm: ss)
X
Isikhathi sesimo sendawo (H: M: S)
Z
indawo yesikhathi (isb., i-EDT), noma akukho uma kungabikho indawo yesikhathi esinqunyiwe
Izinsuku zosuku:
a
igama lesonto elifingqiwe lendawo yesonto (Sun..Sat)
A
igama lesonto eligcwele lendawo yesonto, ubude obuguquguqukayo (ngeSonto..Mgqibelo)
b
igama leenyanga elifingqiwe (Jan..Dec)
B
Igama lenyanga eligcwele lendawo, indawo eguquguqukayo (ngoJanuwari..December)
c
usuku nosuku lwendawo (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)
d
usuku lwenyanga (01..31)
D
usuku (mm / dd / yy)
h
okufanayo b
j
usuku lonyaka (001..366)
m
inyanga (01..12)
U
inombolo yesonto yonyaka ngeSonto njengosuku lokuqala lwesonto (00..53)
w
usuku lwesonto (0..6)
W
inombolo yesonto yonyaka ngoMsombuluko njengosuku lokuqala lwesonto (00..53)
x
usuku lokumelwa kwendawo yendawo (mm / dd / yy)
y
Izinombolo ezimbili zokugcina zonyaka (00..99)
Y
ngonyaka (1970 ...)
% b
Usayizi wefayela ku-512-byte amabhloki (ahlanganisiwe).
% c
Isikhathi sokugcina sesimo sokushintsha kwefayela kufomethi ebuyiswe umsebenzi weC `ctime '.
% C k
Isikhathi sokushintsha kwesimo sokugcina sefayela kufomethi echazwe ngu- k , efana ne-% A.
% d
Ukujula kwefayela kumuthi wesiqondisi; 0 kusho ifayela ingxabano yomugqa womyalo.
% f
Igama lefayela nanoma yiziphi izinkomba eziholayo kususiwe (kuphela isici sokugcina).
% F
Uhlobo lwenqubo yefayela ifayela livuliwe; le nzuzo ingasetshenziselwa -fstype.
% g
Igama leqembu lefayela, noma i-ID yezinombolo zezinombolo uma iqembu lingenalo igama.
% G
I-ID yeqembu lezinombolo zefayela.
% h
Iqondisa imininingwane yegama lefayela (konke kodwa isici sokugcina).
% H
I-argument yomugqa we-Command ngaphansi kwefayela elitholakala.
% i
Inombolo ye-inode yefayili (ekudweseni).
% k
Usayizi wefayela kumabhuloki angu-1K (ahlanganiswe).
% l
Into yokuxhumanisa okungokomfanekiso (ifayela elingenalutho uma ifayela aliyona isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso).
% m
Izimvume zemvume yefayela (ngo-octal).
% n
Inombolo yezixhumanisi ezinzima ezifayili.
% p
Igama lefayela.
% P
Igama lefayela negama lomcibisholo womugqa womyalo lapho utholakala khona ususiwe.
% s
Usayizi wefayela ku-bytes.
% t
Isikhathi sokugcina sefayela sefayili kufomethi ebuyiswe umsebenzi weC `ctime '.
% T k
Isikhathi sokugcina sefayela sefayili kufomethi echazwe k , efana ne-% A.
% u
Igama lomsebenzisi wefayela, noma i-ID yomsebenzisi wezinombolo uma umsebenzisi engenawo igama.
% U
I-ID yomsebenzisi wezinombolo zefayela.
Uhlamvu '%' olulandelwa yiloluphi uhlamvu lulahlwa (kodwa omunye uhlamvu luphrintiwe).
-ukuhlakula
Uma -siphethini ayinikeziwe, yeqiniso; ungawehla isiqondisi samanje.
Uma -uhlangothi lunikezwa, lungamanga; akukho mphumela.
-ls
Iqiniso; hlulela ifayela lamanje kufomethi ye `` ls -dils 'ngokukhipha okujwayelekile. Ukubalwa kwe-block kunamabhulogi angu-1K, ngaphandle kokuthi i-variable variable ye-POSIXLY_CORRECT isethiwe, lapho kwenzeka khona amabhulokhi angu-512-byte.
Abasebenzisi
Ihlelwe ngokulandelana kokuqala kokuncipha:
( expr )
Qinisekisa kuqala.
! expr
Iqiniso uma i- expr ingamanga.
-ngaphandle kwe- expr
Same njengoba! expr .
expr1 expr2
Futhi (okusho); i-expr2 ayihlolwe uma i- expr1 ingamanga.
expr1 -a expr2
Okufanayo njenge- expr1 expr2 .
expr1- futhi expr2
Okufanayo njenge- expr1 expr2 .
expr1 -o expr2
Noma; I-expr2 ayihlolwe uma i- expr1 iqinisile.
expr1- noma expr2
Okufana ne- expr1 -o expr2 .
expr1 , expr2
Uhlu; kokubili expr1 kanye expr2 zihlale zihlolwe. Inani le- expr1 lilahliwe; ukubaluleka kohlu kubaluleka be- expr2 .
Izibonelo
thola / joe ekhaya -userThola wonke amafayela ngaphansi kwesiqondisi / ikhaya eliphethwe yi-joe yomsebenzisi.
thola / usr-igama * statThola zonke ifayela ngaphansi kwesiqondisi / usr ekupheleni ".stat".
thola / var / spool -mtime +60Thola wonke amafayela ngaphansi kwesiqondisi / var / spool eshintshiwe ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingu-60 ezedlule.
thola / tmp -name core -type f -print | xargs / bin / rm -fThola amafayela aqanjwe ngomumo ngaphakathi noma ngaphansi kwe-directory / tmp bese ususa. Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kuzosebenza ngokungalungile uma kunamanye amafayili anezinhlamvu ezintsha, izingcaphuno ezilodwa noma ezimbili, noma izikhala.
thola / tmp -name core -type f -print0 | xargs -0 / bin / rm -fThola amafayela abizwe ngokuthi yi- core noma ngaphansi kwe-directory / tmp bese uwasusa , ukucubungula amafayili ngendlela yokuthi ifayela noma amagama ekhomputha aqukethe izingcaphuno ezilodwa noma ezimbili, izikhala noma izintambo ezintsha ziphathwa kahle. Isivivinyo se-Igama siza ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-test ukuze sigweme ukubiza isimemezelo (2) kuwo wonke amafayela.
thola. -type f -exec ifayela '{}' \;Igijima `ifayela 'kuwo wonke amafayela ngaphakathi noma ngaphansi kwerekhodi yamanje. Qaphela ukuthi ama-brace afakwe emanothi okukodwa okubavikela ukuwahumusha njengemigomo yokubhaliwe kwegobolondo. I-semicolon ngokufanayo ivikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-backslash, nakuba ';' kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziswe kuleso simo futhi.
thola / \ (-perm -4000 -fprintf /root/suid.txt '% # m% u% p \ n' \), \ \--size + 100M -fprintf /root/big.txt '% -10s% p \ n '\)Hlulela ohlelweni lwamafayela kanye kanye, uhlunga amafayela we-setuid kanye nezinkomba ku- /root/suid.txt namafayela amakhulu ku /root/big.txt .
thola $ HOME -mtime 0Sesha amafayela ekhompyutheni yakho yasendlini eguquliwe emahoreni amabili angamashumi amabili edlule. Lo myalo usebenza ngale ndlela ngoba isikhathi kusukela ifayela ngalinye ligcine ukuguqulwa lihlukaniswe amahora angu-24 nanoma iyiphi enye isalahla ilahliwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukufanisa- isikhathi
0 , ifayela kuzodingeka lilungiswe esikhathini esedlule esingaphansi kwamahora angu-24 adlule.
thola. -Ingxenye 664Sesha amafayela afunde futhi abhala imvume yomnikazi wawo, neqembu, kodwa yiziphi ezinye abasebenzisi abangazifunda kodwa bangazibhali. Amafayela ahlangabezana nalezi zinqubo kodwa anezinye izimvume ezibekwayo (isibonelo uma umuntu engase enze ifayela) ngeke afanelane.
thola. -perm -664Sesha amafayela afunde futhi abhala imvume yomnikazi wabo neqembu, futhi abanye abasebenzisi bangafunda, ngaphandle kokubona noma yikuphi ukungena kwemvume eyengeziwe (isibonelo ibhe elikhishwe). Lokhu kuzofanisa ifayela elinemodi 0777, isibonelo.
thola. -perm / 222Sesha amafayela abhalwe ngumuntu (umnikazi wawo, noma iqembu lawo, noma omunye umuntu).
thola. -perm / 220 ukuthola. -iperm / u + w, g + w thola. -perm / u = w, g = wYonke emithathu yale miyalo yenza into efanayo, kodwa owokuqala isebenzisa ukumelelwa kwe-octal yemodi yefayela, kanti ezinye ezimbili zisebenzisa ifomu lokufanekisa. Le miyalo isesha wonke amafayela abhalwe ngumnikazi wabo noma iqembu lawo. Amafayela akudingeki abhalwe phansi kokubili umnikazi neqembu okufanele lifanelwe; noma uzokwenza.
thola. -perm -220 thola. -perm-g + w, u + wKokubili le miyalo yenza into efanayo; sesha amafayela abhalwe phansi kokubili umnikazi wabo neqembu lawo.
thola. -perm -444 -perm / 222! -iperm / 111 thola. -perm -a + r -perm / a + w! -perm / a + xLe miyalo emibili kokubili ifuna amafayela afundwayo wonke umuntu (-i-verm-444 noma -perm -a + r), okungenani ubhalisiwe bit ((-perm / 222 noma -perm / a + w) kodwa ayikwenziwa noma ubani (! -perm / 111 no! -perm / a + x ngokulandelana)
Okubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalo womuntu ( % umuntu ) ukuze ubone ukuthi umyalo usetshenziswe kanjani kukhompyutha yakho ethile.