I-socket ingenye yobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokuhlela uhlelo lwekhompyutha. Izisekelo zivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe yenethiwekhi ukuthi zixhumane zisebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile ezakhiwe kwi-hardware yenethiwekhi nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengenye enye isici sokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ye-Inthanethi, ubuchwepheshe bokusikhipha bukhona isikhathi eside ngaphambi kweWebhu. Futhi, izinhlelo eziningi zesofthiwe zenethiwekhi ezithandwayo zanamuhla zithembele ezisekelweni.
Yiziphi Amasokhethi Ongayenza Ngenethiwekhi Yakho
Isokhethi imelela uxhumano olulodwa phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili zesofthiwe (okubizwa okuthiwa iphuzu-kuya-phuzu uxhumano). Izingcezu ezingaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili zesofthiwe zingakwazi ukuxhumana neklayenti / iseva noma izinhlelo zokusakaza ngokusebenzisa amasokhethi amaningi. Isibonelo, iziphequluli eziningi zeWebhu zingakhuluma ngesikhathi esisodwa ngeWebhu ye-Web ngeqembu lezihlalo ezenziwe kwiseva.
Isofthiwe esekelwe isisekelo ngokuvamile igijima kumakhompyutha amabili ahlukene kunethiwekhi, kodwa amasokisi angasetshenziselwa ukuxhumana endaweni yangakini ( interprocess ) kwikhompyutha eyodwa. Izisekelo ziyi- bidirectional , okusho ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlangothi loxhumano luyakwazi kokubili ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha. Ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo olulodwa oluqala ukukhulumisana lubizwa ngokuthi "iklayenti" kanye nolunye uhlelo lokusebenza "iseva," kodwa lesi sigama siholela ekudidekeni kwontanga ekuxhumaniseni inethiwekhi futhi ngokuvamile kufanele kugwenywe.
I-Socket APIs nama-Libraries
Imitapo eminingana efaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zohlelo lokusebenza (APIs) zikhona kwi-Inthanethi. Iphakheji yokuqala ejwayelekile - i-Berkeley Socket Library isasetshenziswa kabanzi kwizinhlelo ze-UNIX. Elinye i-API evamile kakhulu ilabhulali ye-Windows Sockets (WinSock) yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Microsoft. Ngokuphathelene nezinye ubuchwepheshe bekhompuyutha, ama-API e-socket avuthiwe kakhulu: i-WinSock isetshenziswe kusukela ngo-1993 namasoksi e-Berkeley kusukela ngo-1982.
Ama-API angenalutho amancane futhi alula. Imisebenzi eminingi ifana nalabo asetshenziselwa ukufaka amafayela okufaka / okukhiphayo njenge ukufunda () , ukubhala () , kanye close () . Umsebenzi wangempela obiza ukuwasebenzisa uxhomeke olimini lohlelo kanye nelabhulali ekhonjiwe ekhethiwe.
Izinhlobo Zezikhombisi Zesixhumi
Izixhumanisi zetekisi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Amathanga okusakaza , uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, ludinga ukuthi amaqembu amabili okuxhumana aqale ukuxhuma uxhumano lokuxhumeka, okwathi ngemva kwalokho noma iyiphi idatha edlulile ngaleyo xhumano izoqinisekiswa ukuba ifinyelele ku-oda elifanayo lapho lithunyelwe khona - okuthiwa izinhlelo ezixhunyiwe uxhumano imodeli.
- Ama- sockets e- Datagram anikeza "ukuxhumeka okungaphansi" kwama-semantics. Ngedatha ye-datagram, ukuxhumeka kuqondile kunokuba kuvezwe njengemifudlana. Noma yiliphi iqembu livele lithumele i-datagrams njengoba liyadingeka futhi lilindele omunye ukuba aphendule; imilayezo ingalahleka ekudluliseni noma itholwe ngaphandle kwe-oda, kodwa kuyisibopho sohlelo lokusebenza hhayi izisekelo zokubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Ukusetjenziswa kwamatjeksi we datagram kunganikela ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ukukhulisa ukusebenza kanye nokuzivumelanisa okungeziweko ngokuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa amasokhethi wokusakaza, ukuvumelanisa ukusebenzisa kwabo kwezinye izimo.
- Uhlobo lwesithathu lwesokhethi - isokhethi eluhlaza - ludlula ukusekelwa komtapo wokwakhiwa kwamaprosesa asezingeni elijwayelekile njenge- TCP ne- UDP . Izitshalo ezinomsoco zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ephansi yeprotocol.
Ukwesekwa kweSokhethi ku-Protocol Protocols
Izitshalo zamanje zenethiwekhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ngokuhambisana nezivumelwano ze-Inthanethi - i-IP, i-TCP, ne-UDP. Ama-Librari asebenzisa izinketho ze-Intanethi ye-Inthanethi isebenzisa i-TCP yemifudlana, i-UDP yama-datagrams, ne-IP ngokwayo ngamasokhi aluhlaza.
Ukuze ukhulume nge-intanethi, imitapo yezintambo ze- IP isebenzisa ikheli le-IP ukukhomba amakhompyutha athile. Izingxenye eziningi ze-Inthanethi zisebenza ngezinsizakalo zokuqamba igama, ukuze abasebenzisi kanye nabasebenzisi bezinsizakalo bakwazi ukusebenza ngamakhompyutha ngamagama ( isib. "Lecomputer.wireless.about.com") esikhundleni sekheli ( isib. 208.185.127.40). Ukusakaza nokwaziswa kwedatha kusebenzisa izinombolo ze- IP ukuhlukanisa izinhlelo eziningi kusuka komunye nomunye. Isibonelo, iziphequluli zeWebhu kwi-Intanethi zikwazi ukusebenzisa i-port 80 njengento ezenzakalelayo yokuxhumana nge-socket nama-Web amaseva.