Igama
gzip, gunzip, zcat - cindezela noma wandise amafayela
Isiqubulo
gzip [ -acdfhlLnNrtvV19 ] [ -SS suffix ] [ igama ... ]
isibhamu [ -acfhlLnNrtvV ] [ -SSixix ] [ igama ... ]
i-zcat [ -fhLV ] [ igama ... ]
Incazelo
I-Gzip inciphisa ubukhulu bamafayela aqanjwe ngokusebenzisa ikhodi ye-Lempel-Ziv (LZ77). Noma kunini lapho kungenzeka, ifayela ngalinye liyashintshwa nenye nge-extension .gz , ngenkathi igcina izindlela zobunikazi ezifanayo, izikhathi zokufinyelela nokuguqulwa. (Isandiso esizenzakalelayo yi- gz ye-VMS, z ye-MSDOS, i-OS / 2 FAT, i-Windows NT FAT ne-Atari.) Uma kungekho amafayela acacisiwe, noma uma igama lefayela "-", okokufaka okujwayelekile kuhlanganiswe kumgangatho okukhiphayo. I-Gzip izozama kuphela ukucindezela amafayela avamile. Ngokuyinhloko, izobe inganaki izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso.
Uma igama lefayili elicindezelekile lide kakhulu kuhlelo lwayo lwefayela, i- gzip iyayinqamula . I-Gzip izama ukugxila kuphela izingxenye zegama lefayela elide kunezinhlamvu ezingu-3. (Ingxenye ihlukaniswe ngamachashazi.) Uma igama liqukethe izingxenye ezincane kuphela, izingxenye ezide kakhulu zihanjiswe. Isibonelo, uma amagama efayela elinganiselwe ezinhlamvu ezingu-14, i-gzip.msdos.exe icindezelwa ku-gzi.msd.exe.gz. Amagama awaxhunyiwe kwizinhlelo ezingenawo umkhawulo ekude kwegama lefayela.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i- gzip igcina igama lefayela lokuqala kanye nesitembu samathuluzi efayeleni elicindezelweyo. Lawa asetshenziselwa ukucubungula ifayela nge -NN inketho. Lokhu kuyasiza uma igama lefayela elicindezelekile lithathwa noma uma isitembu sesikhathi singagcinwa ngemuva kokudluliswa kwefayela.
Amafayela agxilile angabuyiselwa kwifomu lawo langempela usebenzisa i- gzip -d noma i- gunzip noma i- zcat. Uma igama langempela ligcinwe efayeleni elicindezelweyo alihambisani nesistimu yefayili, igama elisha lakhiwa kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze lenze ngokomthetho.
i-gunzip ithatha uhlu lwamafayela emgqeni walo wokulayina futhi ifaka esikhundleni ifayela ngalinye ogama lakhe liphela nge-.gz, -gz, .z, -z, _z noma .Z futhi eqala ngenombolo yemilingo efanelekile ngefayili engaxhunyiwe ngaphandle kokukhuliswa kwangempela . i-gunzip iphinde ibone izandiso ezikhethekile .tgz kanye ne- .taz njengama-shorthands we - .tar.gz ne - .tar.Z ngokulandelanayo. Uma ucindezela, i- gzip isebenzisa isandiso se- .tgz uma kunesidingo esikhundleni sokuthi uqoqe ifayela nge-extension ye- .tar .
I-gunzip ingakwazi ukudlula amafayela okwenziwa i- gzip, i-zip, i-compress, i-compress -H noma iphakethe. Ukuthola ifomu lokufaka ku-othomathikhi. Uma usebenzisa amafomu amabili okuqala, i- gunzip ihlola i-32 bit CRC. Ngephakethe, i-gunzip ihlola ubude obungaphenduliwe . Ifomethi yokucindezela ejwayelekile ayiklanyelwe ukuvumela ukuhlola okuhambisanayo. Kodwa i- gunzip ngezinye izikhathi ikwazi ukubona ifayela elibi leZ .Z. Uma uthola iphutha uma ungahambisani nefayela le-.Z , ungacabangi ukuthi ifayela le-.Z lilungile ngoba nje i- uncompress evamile ayikhononda . Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi i- uncompress evamile ayibheki ukufaka kwayo, futhi ngenjabulo idala ukukhishwa kwemfucuza. I-SCO compress -H format (lzh indlela yokucindezela) ayifaki i-CRC kodwa futhi ivumela ukuhlola okufanayo.
Amafayela adalwe yi- zip angagxiliwe yi-gzip kuphela uma enelungu elilodwa elicinyiwe ngendlela ye-deflation. Lesi sici senzelwe ukusiza ukuguqulwa kwamafayela we-tar.zip kufomethi ye-tar.gz. Ukuze ukhiphe amafayela e-zip ngamalungu amaningana, sebenzisa u- unzip esikhundleni se- gunzip.
i-zcat ifana ne- gunzip -c. (Kwezinye izinhlelo, i- zcat ingafakwa njenge- gzcat ukulondoloza isixhumanisi sokuqala ukucindezela.) I- zcat iqinisa uhlu lwamafayela emgqeni womyalo noma ukufaka okujwayelekile futhi ibhala idatha engagxiliwe ekuphumeni okujwayelekile. i-zcat izokhipha amafayela afanele enombolweni enembile noma ngabe anesisindo se- .gz noma cha.
I-Gzip isebenzisa i-algorithm ye-Lempel-Ziv esetshenziswa ku- zip ne-PKZIP. Inani lokucindezela elitholiwe lixhomeke kubukhulu bokufaka nokusabalalisa kwe-substrings evamile. Ngokuvamile, umbhalo ofana nekhodi yomthombo noma isiNgisi unciphise ngo-60-70%. Ukucindezela kuvame kakhulu kunalokho okuzuzwe yi-LZW (njengoba isetshenziselwa ukucindezela ), ikhodi ye-Huffman (njengoba isetshenziswe epakethe ), noma ikhodi ye-Huffman encoding ( compact ).
Ukucindezela kuqhutshwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma ngabe ifayela elicindezelweyo likhulu kakhulu kunalokuqala. Ukukhula kokubi kakhulu kunamathebhu ambalwa wehlosi yefayela le-gzip, kanye nama-bytes angu-5 njalo kunomlando we-32K, noma isilinganiso sokwandiswa kwe-0.015% yamafayela amakhulu. Qaphela ukuthi inombolo yangempela yamabhulokhi wediski asetshenzisiwe cishe akhulumi. i-gzip igcina imodi, ubunikazi kanye nama-timestamps amafayela uma ucindezela noma udidliza.
AMAKHONO
-a --ascii
Imodi yombhalo we-Ascii: guqula ukuphela kwemigqa usebenzisa imihlangano yendawo. Lolu khetho lusekelwa kuphela kwezinye izinhlelo ezingekho ze-Unix. Ku-MSDOS, i-CR LF iguqulwa ibe yi-LF ngenkathi icindezela, futhi i-LF iguqulwa ku-CR LF ngenkathi ideskress.
-c -stout - kuya-stdout
Bhala okukhiphayo ekuphumeni okujwayelekile; gcina amafayela okuqala angashintshi. Uma kunamafayela amaningi okufakwayo, okukhiphayo kuqukethe ukulandelana kwamalungu aphethwe ngokuzimela. Ukuze uthole ukucindezelwa okungcono, phakamisa wonke amafayela wokufaka ngaphambi kokucindezela.
-d --decompress --uncompress
I-Decompress.
-f - ukusebenza
Qinisekisa ukucindezela noma ukucindezeleka noma ngabe ifayela linamaxhumanisi amaningi noma ifayela elihambelanayo selivele likhona, noma uma idatha ecindezelweyo ifundwa noma ibhalwa ku-terminal. Uma idatha yokufakwayo engekho kwifomu ebonwe yi- gzip, futhi uma ukhetho - ukunikezelwa kwesikhashana kunikeziwe, kopisha idatha yokufaka ngaphandle kokuguqulwa ku-ouput ejwayelekile: vumela i- zcat ziphathe njengekati. Uma -f inganikezwa, futhi uma ingaqhubeki ngemuva, i- gzip ithuthukisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifayela elikhona kufanele libhaliswe.
-h -help
Bonisa isikrini sosizo bese uyeka.
-l - hlu
Kufayela ngalinye elicindezelweyo, hlulela izinkambu ezilandelayo:
usayizi ocindezelwe: usayizi wefayela elicindezelweyo
usayizi ongaxhunyiwe: usayizi wefayela elingaxhunyiwe
isilinganiso: i-compression ratio (0.0% uma ingaziwa)
uncompressed_name: igama lefayela elingagxiliwe
Isayizi engagxiliwe inikezwa njenge-1 yamafayili akufomethi ye-gzip, njengezintambo ezifakiwe .Z. Ukuze uthole usayizi ongaxhunyiwe wefayela onjalo, ungasebenzisa:
ifayela le-zcat.Z | i-wc -c
Ngokuhambisana nenketho ye - --verbose, amasimu alandelayo nawo aboniswa:
indlela: ukucindezela indlela
i-crc: i-32-bit CRC yedatha engaxhunyiwe
idethi nesikhathi: isitembu sesikhathi sefayela elingaxhunyiwe
Izindlela zokucindezela okwamanje zisekelwa ziyi-deflate, compress, lzh (SCO compress -H) kanye nepakethe. I-crc inikezwa njengeffffffff yefayela hhayi kufomethi ye-gzip.
Nge-igama, igama elingagxiliwe, idethi nesikhathi yilabo abagcinwe ngaphakathi kwefayela le-compress uma bekhona.
Nge -verbose, inani lamanani nesilinganiso sokucindezela kuwo wonke amafayela futhi kuboniswa, ngaphandle uma ubukhulu obuncane bungaziwa. Nge-quiet, umugqa wethimbo namatethi awaboniswa.
-L -license
Bonisa ilayisensi ye- gzip bese uyeka.
-ngekho igama
Uma ucindezela, ungalondolozi igama lefayela lokuqala kanye nesitembu sesikhathi ngokuzenzakalelayo. (Igama langempela lilondolozwa uma igama lifanele lithathwe.) Uma udidliza, ungabuyiseli igama lefayela lokuqala uma ukhona (susa kuphela i- gzip isisulu kusuka egameni lefayela elicindezelweyo) futhi ungabuyiseli isitembu sesikhathi sokuqala uma ukhona (ukukopisha kusuka efayeleni elicindezelweyo). Lolu khetho luyinto ezenzakalelayo uma udidliza.
-N - igama
Uma ucindezela, gcina njalo igama lefayela lokuqala kanye nesitembu sesikhathi; lokhu okuzenzakalelayo. Uma u-decompressing, buyisela igama lefayela lokuqala kanye nesitembu sesikhathi uma ukhona. Lolu khetho luwusizo kumahlelo anomkhawulo wegama legama lefayela noma uma isitembu sesikhathi silahlekile ngemuva kokudluliswa kwefayela.
-q --quiet
Cindezela zonke izixwayiso.
-r - okungahleliwe
Hambisa isakhiwo somqondisi ngokuphindaphindiwe. Uma kunoma yiliphi lamagama wefayela elichaziwe kumlayini womyalo yizikhombisi-ndlela, i- gzip izokwehla esiqondisweni bese icindezela wonke amafayela ayithola lapho (noma ukuyiqedela uma kwenzeka i- gunzip ).
-Ss --asif --suffix .as
Sebenzisa isilinganisi. Esikhundleni se-.gz. Noma yisiphi isixhumi singanikezwa, kodwa ezinye izilinganiso ngaphandle kwe-.z no-.gz kufanele zigwenywe ukugwema ukudideka lapho amafayela adluliselwa kwezinye izinhlelo. I-null null ithimba i-gunzip ukuze uzame ukucindezela kuwo wonke amafayela anikeziwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunesixhumi, njengokuthi:
gunzip -S "" * (*. * ye-MSDOS)
Izinguqulo zangaphambilini ze-gzip zisebenzise i-.z isixhumi. Lokhu kwaguqulwa ukuze kugweme ukungqubuzana nepakethe (1).
-t - kakhulu
Ukuhlolwa. Hlola ubuqotho befayili.
-v - verbose
I-Verbose. Khombisa igama nokunciphisa amaphesenti wefayela ngalinye elicindezelekile noma elididisiwe.
-V -version
Inguqulo. Bonisa inombolo yenguqulo kanye nezinketho zokuhlanganiswa bese uyeka.
- # - ukubekezela -
Lawula ijubane lokucindezela usebenzisa idijithi ecacisiwe # , lapho -1 noma -kukhombisa khona indlela yokucindezela esheshayo (ukucindezela kancane) no -9 noma -best ibonisa indlela yokunciphisa kancane kakhulu (ukucindezeleka okungcono). Izinga lokucindezela okuzenzakalelayo li-- 6 (okungukuthi, lihlaselwe ekucindezelweni okuphezulu ngezindleko zejubane).
Ukusetshenziswa Okuthuthukisiwe
Amafayela amaningi agciniwe anganqunywa. Kulokhu, i- gunzip izokhipha wonke amalungu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo:
gzip -c ifayela1> foo.gz
i-gzip -c ifayela2 >> foo.gz
Khona-ke
gunzip -c foo
lilingana
ifayela lesikhathi1 ifayela2
Uma kwenzeka umonakalo ilungu elilodwa lefayela le-.gz, amanye amalungu angakwazi ukubuyiswa (uma ilungu elonakalisiwe lisusiwe). Noma kunjalo, ungathola ukucindezelwa okungcono ngokucindezela wonke amalungu ngesikhathi esisodwa:
ifayela lesikhathi1 ifayela2 | gzip> foo.gz
icindezela kangcono kunalokho
i-gzip-c ifayela1 ifayela2> foo.gz
Uma ufuna ukuvuselela amafayela afakiwe ukuze uthole ukucindezelwa okungcono, yenza lokhu:
i-gzip-cd yakudala.gz | gzip> new.gz
Uma ifayela elicindezelekile liqukethe amalunga amaningana, isayizi elingagxiliwe ne-CRC elibikwe yi-option yokukhetha isebenza kulungu lokugcina kuphela. Uma udinga usayizi ongaxilwanga kuwo wonke amalungu, ungasebenzisa:
ifayela ye-gzip-cd.gz | i-wc -c
Uma ufisa ukwakha ifayela elilodwa lokugcina i-archive ngamalungu amaningi ukuze amalungu angadluliswa ngokuzimela, sebenzisa ingobo yomlando njenge-tar noma i-zip. I-GNU tar isekela i--z inketho yokufaka i-gzip ngokusobala. i-gzip iklanyelwe njenge-complement to tar , hhayi njengengxenye.
BONA FUTHI
cindezela (1)
Ifomethi yefayili ye- gzip ichazwe ku-P. Deutsch, i-GZIP ifomethi yefomethi yefomethi ye-4.3,
Okubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalo womuntu ( % umuntu ) ukuze ubone ukuthi umyalo usetshenziswe kanjani kukhompyutha yakho ethile.