Ukucubungula kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yekhompyutha, ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu kumanethiwekhi angenantambo we-Wi-Fi . Abaqaphi bangakwazi kalula ukuvimbela inethiwekhi yocingo engenazintambo ngokuxhumana okuvulekile emoyeni futhi bakhiphe ulwazi njengamaphasiwedi nezinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu. Ubuchwepheshe obuningi bezokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi buye lwasungulwa ukuze balwe nabaduni, yize, ezinye zezobuchwepheshe zinganqotshwa kalula.
Ukubethelwa Kwemininingwane Yenethiwekhi
Izivumelwano zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubethela. Ukubethela kubiza idatha ethunyelwe phezu kwenethiwekhi yokuxhuma ukufihla ulwazi kubantu ngenkathi ivumela amakhompyutha ukuba ahlukanise kahle imilayezo. Izinhlobo eziningi zobuchwepheshe bokubethela zikhona embonini.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwenethiwekhi
Ubuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa ubuxhakaxhaka bekhompyutha buqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani amadivayisi nabantu. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenethiwekhi njenge-Microsoft Windows ne-Apple OS-X zihlanganisa ukusekelwa okuqinisekisiwe okuqinisekisiwe okusekelwe kumagama omsebenzisi namaphasiwedi. Izindlela zenethiwekhi yasekhaya ziqinisekisa futhi abaqondisi ngokuzifakela ukuthi zifake iziqinisekiso zokungena ngemvume ezihlukile.
Ukuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ye-Ad Hoc
Ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi kudlula i-router noma enye indawo yokufinyelela engenantambo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Wi-Fi isekela imodi ebizwa ngokuthi i- ad hoc wireless evumela ukuthi amadivaysi axhumane ngqo komunye nomunye kunontanga ukuze athole ifoni. Engenayo iphuzu eliphakathi lokuxhumeka, ukuphepha kwezixhumanisi ezihambelana ne-Wi-Fi kuvame ukuba phansi. Abanye ochwepheshe badambisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinethiwekhi zokuxhumana ze-Wi-Fi ezikhangayo ngalesi sizathu.
Amazinga ajwayelekile wezokuphepha we-Wi-Fi
Amadivayisi amaningi we-Wi-Fi afaka amakhompyutha, ama-routers namafoni asekela amazinga amaningana okuphepha. Izinhlobo zokulondeka ezitholakalayo ngisho namagama abo ahlukahluka kuye ngokukwazi kwamandla.
I-WEP imelela Ubumfihlo be-Wired Equivalent. Yimodeli yokuqala yokuphepha engenazintambo ye-Wi-Fi futhi isasetshenziswa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi wekhompuyutha yasekhaya. Amanye amadivayisi asekela izinguqulo eziningi ze-WEP ukuphepha
- Ukhiye we-WEP-64-bit (ngezinye izikhathi obizwa nge-WEP-40)
- Ukhiye we-WEP 128-bit (ngezinye izikhathi obizwa nge-WEP-104)
- Ukhiye we-WEP 256-bit
futhi vumela umlawuli ukuba akhethe eyodwa, kanti amanye amadivayisi asekela kuphela inketho eyodwa ye-WEP. I-WEP akufanele isetshenziswe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa okugcina, njengoba inikeza ukuvikelwa okuncane okuvikelekile.
I-WPA imele ukufinyelela kwe-Wi-Fi okuvikelwe. Lesi simiso sakhiwe ukuze sithathe indawo ye-WEP. Amadivaysi e-Wi-Fi ngokuvamile asekela ukuhlukahluka okuningi kobuchwepheshe be-WPA. I-WPA yendabuko, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-WPA-Personal futhi ngezinye izikhathi nayo ibizwa nangokuthi i-WPA-PSK (yokhiye obelwe kuqala), yenzelwe ukuxhumana kwekhaya ngenkathi enye inguqulo, i-WPA-Enterprise, yenzelwe amanethiwekhi ezinkampani. I-WPA2 inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-Wi-Fi Access Protected esekelwa yizo zonke izinto zokusebenza ezintsha ze-Wi-Fi. Njengo-WPA, i-WPA2 ikhona futhi kumafomu e-Personal / PSK kanye ne-Enterprise.
I-802.1X inikeza ukuqinisekiswa kwenethiwekhi kokubili i-Wi-Fi nezinye izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi. Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa amabhizinisi amakhulu njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bufuna ubuchwepheshe obengeziwe bokusetha nokugcina. I-802.1X isebenza kokubili i-Wi-Fi nezinye izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi. Ngokumiswa kwe-Wi-Fi, abaphathi bavame ukulungisa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-802.1X ukusebenza no-WPA / WPA2-Enterprise ukubethela.
I-802.1X yaziwa nangokuthi i- RADIUS .
Izinkinobho Zokuphepha Komnethiwekhi nama-Passphrases
I-WEP ne-WPA / i-WPA2 isebenzisa izinkinobho zokubethela ezingenantambo , ukulandelana kwezinombolo ze- hexadecimal eside. Ukulinganisa amanani ayisihluthulelo kumele kufakwe ku- Wi-Fi router (noma iphuzu lokufinyelela) nawo wonke amadivayisi amaklayenti afuna ukujoyina leyo nethiwekhi. Ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi, igama elithi passphrase lingabhekisela kwifomu elula yokhiye wokubethela osebenzisa kuphela izinhlamvu ze-alphanumeric esikhundleni samanani we-hexadecimal. Noma kunjalo, imigomo yokudlula kanye nekhiye ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngokungafani.
Ilungiselela ukuvikeleka kwe-Wi-Fi kumanethiwekhi asekhaya
Wonke amadivayisi kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi enikeziwe kumele asebenzise izilungiselelo zokuvikela ezifanayo. Ku-Windows 7 PC, amanani alandelayo kufanele afakwe kuthebhu yezokuphepha ye-Wireless Network Properties ngenethiwekhi enikeziwe:
- Uhlobo lokuphepha lubhekisela ekukhethweni kokuqinisekisa okufaka ku-Open, Kwabiwe, i-WPA-Personal and -Enterprise, i-WPA2-Personal kanye ne -Enterprise, no-802.1X. Inketho ye-Open ayisebenzisi ukuqinisekiswa, kuyilapho okwabiwe kusetshenziswa i-WEP yokuqinisekisa.
- Izinketho zohlobo lwe- cryptage etholakalayo zixhomeke kuhlobo lwezokuphepha olukhethiwe. Ngaphandle kwekho, okungasetshenziswa kuphela nge- Open amanethiwekhi , ukhetho lwe-WEP lungasetshenziswa nge-WEP noma 802.1X ukuqinisekiswa. Ezinye izinketho ezimbili, ezibizwa nge-TKIP ne-AES, zibhekisela ebuchwepheni obukhethekile bokubethela okusetshenziselwa umndeni we-WPA wamazinga wokuphepha we-Wi-Fi.
- Ukhiye wokubethela noma i-passphrase ingacaciswa kwinkinobho yokhiye wenethiwekhi uma kudingeka.
- Inkomba Eyisihluthulelo , inani eliphakathi kuka-1 no-4, libhekisela esimweni senkinobho efanayo egcinwe kumzila ongenazintambo (iphuzu lokufinyelela). Ama-routers amaningi asekhaya avumela okhiye abane bokubhala okufakwe ku-1 kuya ku-4 ukuthi bahlelwe ukuze basekele amaklayenti afanelekile ngaphandle kokuphoqa kubo bonke ukuba basebenzise ukhiye ovamile.