Igama
isilondolozi sesistimu yokulahla-ext2
Isiqubulo
dump [- 0123456789ackMnqSu [- Ifayela ]] [- Amarekhodi e- B ] [- b blocksize ] [- d ubukhulu ] [- e inode izinombolo ] [- E fayile ] [- f file ] [- F script ] [- h level ] - [ I amaphutha ] [- j izinga lokucindezela ] [- L ilebula ] [- Q ifayela ] [- izinyawo ] [- T date ] [- z level compression ] ukulahla
vula [- W | -w ]
(I-BSD 4.3 inketho ye-syntax isetshenziselwa ukuhambelana emuva kodwa ayikho lapha.)
Incazelo
Ukulahla kucubungula amafayela kuhlelo lwefayela lwe-ext2 futhi lunikeza ukuthi yimaphi amafayela adingeka ukuba asekelwe. Lawa mafayela akopishwa kwi disk, i-tape noma enye indawo yokugcina yokugcina okuphephile (bheka inketho ye- f ngezansi ukuze wenze ama- backups akude ). Ukulahla okukhulu kunomthombo wokukhipha kuphulwe zibe yiminingi eminingi. Kubezindaba abaningi ubukhulu bunqunywe ngokubhala kuze kube sekupheleni kokuboniswa kwezindaba.
Emithonjeni engakwazi ukubuyela ngokuthembekile ekuboniseni ukuphela kokusakaza (njengamanye amashayeli we-cartridge), ivolumu ngayinye ingokwesayizi ohleliwe; usayizi wangempela unqunywa ngokucacisa imidiya ye-cartridge, noma nge-tape usayizi, ubuningi kanye / noma ukuvimbela izinketho zokubala ngezansi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, igama lefayela elikhiphayo elifanayo lisetshenziselwa ivolumu ngayinye ngemuva kokucela opharetha ukuba ashintshe imidiya.
amafayili-ukulahla kungaba indawo yefayela noma uhlu lwamafayili nezinkomba zokusekelwa njenge-subset yesistimu yefayela. Esikhathini esidlule, noma indlela eya kwisistimu yefayela efakwe noma idivayisi yesistimu yefayela engenakususwa ingasetshenziswa. Esikhathini esilandelayo, imingcele ethile isethwe ekusikeleni isipele: - uvumelekile, izinga lokulahla kuphela elisekelwa yi - 0 futhi wonke amafayela nezinkomba kufanele ahlale ohlelweni olufanayo lwefayela.
Okukhethwa kukho okulandelayo kusekelwa yi :
-0-9
Amazinga okulahla. I-level 0, isipele esiphelele, iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ifayela lefayela likopishiwe (kodwa bona futhi i- h option ngezansi). Inombolo yezinga elingaphezulu kwe-0, ukusekela okungaphezulu, ithela ukulahla ukukopisha wonke amafayela amasha noma aguqulwe kusukela ekugcineni kwezinga elingezansi. Izinga elizenzakalelayo liyi-9.
-a
`` usayizi ozenzakalelayo '' Dlulisa phambili zonke izibalo zokudelela kwetape, bese ubhala kuze kube sekugcineni ukuboniswa kokugcina kwezindaba. Lokhu kusebenza kangcono kumatekisi amaningi we-tape wamanje, futhi okuzenzakalelayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu khetho kunconywa ngokukhethekile uma ufaka kwi-tape ekhona, noma usebenzisa i-tape drive ene-hardware compress (lapho ungasoze waqiniseka khona nge-compression ratio).
-I- archive_file
Faka kungobo yomlando ithebula lokulahla-lokuqukethwe ku- archive_file ecacisiwe ukuze isetshenziswe ngokubuyisela (8) ukunquma ukuthi ifayela lisesayidini lokulahla elibuyiselwayo.
-b blocksize
Inombolo yama- kilobytes irekhodi lokulahla. Njengoba isistimu ye-I ihlukanisa zonke izicelo zibe yizinhlamvu ze-MAXBSIZE (ngokujwayelekile 64kB), akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-blocksize enkulu ngaphandle kokuba nezinkinga kamuva ngokubuyisela (8). Ngakho-ke ukulahla kuzomisa ukubhala ku-MAXBSIZE. I-blocksize ezenzakalelayo ingu-10.
-Amarekhodi -B
Inani le-1 kB livimbela ivolumu ngayinye. Akuvamile ukuthi kudingekile, njengoba ukulahla kungabona ukuphela kwezindaba. Uma usayizi ocacisiwe ufinyelelwe, ukulahla kulinda ukuthi ushintshe ivolumu. Lolu khetho ludlula ukubala kwesayizi we-tape ngokusekelwe ubude nobukhulu. Uma ukucindezela kulemingcele ubukhulu bomkhiqizo ocindezelweyo ngevolumu ngayinye.
-c
Shintsha okuzenzakalelayo kokusetshenziswa nge-cartridge tape drive, ngobuningi be-8000 bpi, nobude bamamitha angu-1700. Ukucacisa i-cartridge drive kudlula ukutholakala kokuphela kwezindaba.
-d density
Setha ubukhulu be-tape kubuningi Okuzenzakalelayo ngu-1600BPI. Ukucacisa ubukhulu be-tape kudlula ukutholakala kokuphela kokusakaza.
-izici
Hlanganisa ama-inode kusuka ekulahleni. I- parameters ye-inodes yohlu oluhlukanisiwe lwe-comma lwezinamba ze-inode (ungasebenzisa isimo ukuthola inombolo ye-inode yefayela noma isiqondisi).
-Ifayela
Funda uhlu lwezinhlayiya ezizofakwa ngaphandle kokulahla kusuka efayeleni yefayili yombhalo Ifayela lefayela kufanele libe ifayela elijwayelekile eliqukethe izinombolo ze -ode ezihlukaniswe ngamagama amasha.
-f ifayela
Bhala isipele ukuze ufake ifayela ungaba ifayela ledivaysi ekhethekile njenge / dev / st0 (i-tape drive), / dev / rsd1c ( i-floppy disk drive ), ifayela elijwayelekile, noma `- '(ukukhishwa okujwayelekile). Amagama wefayela amaningi anganikezwa njengokuphikisana okulodwa okuhlukaniswe ngama-commas. Ifayela ngalinye lizosetshenziselwa ivolumu eyodwa yokulahla ngokulandelana okulandelwe; uma ukulahlwa kudinga imiqulu eminingi kunanani lamagama anikeziwe, igama lefayela lokugcina lizosetshenziselwa yonke imiqulu esele ngemuva kokucela izinguquko zabezindaba. Uma igama lefayela lisefomu elithi '`umphathi: ifayela' 'noma` `umsebenzisi @ umphathi: ifayela' ' udoti ubhalela efayeleni eliqanjwe ku-host host esebenzisa i-rmt (8). Igama legama elizenzakalelayo le-remote rmt (8) uhlelo / / etc / rmt lokhu kungadlulelwa yi-variable variable yemvelo
-F script
Run script ekupheleni kwetheyipu ngayinye. Igama ledivaysi nenombolo yomsindo wamanje idluliselwa emgqeni womyalo. Isikripthi kumele sibuyisele 0 uma ukulahla kufanele kuqhubeke ngaphandle kokucela umsebenzisi ukuthi ashintshe itheyipu, 1 uma ukulahla kufanele kuqhubeke kodwa cela umsebenzisi ukuthi ashintshe itheyipu. Noma iyiphi enye ikhodi yokuphuma izobangela ukulahla ukukhipha. Ngezizathu zokuphepha, ukulahlwa kubuyela emuva ku-ID yomsebenzisi wangempela ne-ID yangempela yeqembu ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iskripthi.
-h level
Hlonipha umsebenzisi `flag '` nodump' 'ifulegi Dp Dv UF_NODUMP kuphela ukuthutha okungaphezulu noma ngaphezulu kwezinga elinikeziwe Izinga elihloniphekile lokuhlonipha liyi-1, ukuze ukucindezela okungeziwe kushiye amafayela anjalo kodwa ama-backups aphelele agcina wona.
-Izimpendulo ze- nr
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukulahla kuzokulahla amaphutha angu-32 okufundwayo ohlelweni lwesistimu ngaphambi kokucela ukungena kwe-opharetha. Ungashintsha lokhu usebenzisa leli flegi kunoma yiliphi inani. Lokhu kuyasiza lapho ulahla kwisistimu yefayela esebenzayo lapho amaphutha okufundwa amane akhombise ukungahambisani phakathi kwamaphutha nokulahla.
-j izinga lokucindezela
Cindezela zonke izithikithi ezizobhalwa kuthempyutheni usebenzisa ilabhulali ye-bzlib. Lolu khetho luzosebenza kuphela uma ulahla ifayela noma ipayipi noma, uma ulahla kwi-tape drive, uma i-tape drive ikwazi ukubhala amabhuloho ubude obude. Uzodinga okungenani inguquko engu-0.4b24 yokubuyisela ukuze ukhiphe amateyipu acindezelweyo. Amathathi abhalwe phansi usebenzisa ukucindezela ngeke ahambisane ne-BSD tape format. Ipharamitha (yokuzikhethela) icacisa izinga lokucindezela i-bzlib elizolisebenzisa. Izinga lokucindezela okuzenzakalelayo liyi-2. Uma ipharamitha yokuzikhethela icacisiwe, akufanele kube khona isikhala esimhlophe phakathi kwencwadi yokukhetha kanye nepharamitha.
-k
Sebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Kerberos ukuze ukhulume kumaseva we-tape akude. (Kutholakala kuphela uma le ndlela inikwe amandla uma ukulahla kuhlanganisiwe.)
-Lilebula
Ilebuli yocingo yocingo ehlinzekwa ngumsebenzisi ifakwa enhlokweni yokulahla, lapho amathuluzi afana nokubuyisela (8) nefayela (1) lingalithola khona. Qaphela ukuthi lelebula inqunyelwe ukuba ibe yiningi LBLSIZE (okwamanje) izinhlamvu ezingu-16, okumele zifake ukuqeda `\ 0 '
-m
Uma leli flegi licacisiwe, ukulahla kuzokwandisa ukukhishwa kwama-inode okushintshiwe kodwa kungashintshwa kusukela ukulahlwa kokugcina ('kushintshiwe' futhi 'kuguqulwa' kunencazelo echazwe kwisigatshana (2)). Kulawo ma-inodes, ukulahlwa kuzolondoloza kuphela imethadatha, esikhundleni sokulondoloza konke okuqukethwe kwe-inode. Ama-inodes angama-directories noma ashintshiwe kusukela ukulahlwa kokugcina agcinwa ngendlela evamile. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sifulegi kufanele kube okungahambisani, okusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukulahla kwiseti yokulahla okungeziwe kunenhlanhla, noma akekho onayo.
Amathebhu abhaliwe asebenzisa 'imethadatha kuphela' inodes ngeke ihambisane ne-BSD tape format noma izinguqulo ezindala zokubuyisela.
-M
Nika amandla isici esiningi sevolumu. Igama elichazwe nge- f liphathwa njengesiqalo futhi ukulahla kubhala ngokulandelana kuya ku-001, 002 njll Lokhu kungasiza uma ulahla kumafayela kuhlukanisiwe kwe-ext2, ukuze udlulise umkhawulo wesayizi wefayela le-2GB.
-n
Ukulahlwa noma nini lapho kudinga ukunakekelwa kwe-opharetha, kwazisa bonke opharetha eqenjini `` opharetha '' ngokuthi kufana nodonga (1).
-q
Yenza ukulahla kuphume ngokushesha uma kunakekelwa obala, ngaphandle kokuphoqa uma kwenzeka amaphutha okubhala, izinguquko ze-tape njll.
-Q ifayela
Nika amandla ukusekelwa okusheshayo kokufinyelela kwefayela . Izikhundla zeTape ze-inode ngayinye zigcinwe efayeleni lefayela elisetshenziselwa ukubuyisela (uma libizwa ngepharamitha Q kanye negama lefayela) ukubeka ngokuqondile itheyipu ekubuyiseleni ifayela okwamanje isebenza. Lokhu kusindisa amahora lapho ubuyisela amafayela angabodwa kusuka kuma-backups amakhulu, okusindisa amateyipu kanye nekhanda le-drive.
Kunconywa ukusetha umshayeli we-st ukuze abuyisele izikhundla ze-tape ezinengqondo kunokuba abe ngokomzimba ngaphambi kokubiza ukulahlwa / ukubuyisela nge-parameter Q. Ngoba akuzona zonke amadivaysi e-tape asekela izikhundla zomzimba wezobuchwepheshe lezo zibuyisela iphutha ngenkathi ulahla / ubuyisela lapho umshayeli wesimo usethe esimweni sokuzenzakalela ngokomzimba. Sicela ubone ikhasi lomuntu wesitembu, ukhetho lwe-MTSETDRVBUFFER, noma ikhasi le-mt womuntu, ukuthi ungamisa kanjani umshayeli ukuba abuyisele izikhundla zombhalo ohlakaniphile.
Ngaphambi kokubiza ukubuyiselwa nge-parameter Q, qiniseka ukuthi umshayeli wesetjhini usethelwe ukubuyisela uhlobo olufanayo lwetayipi elisetshenziswe ngesikhathi socingo lokulahla. Uma kungenjalo ukubuyisela kungahle kudideke.
Lolu khetho lungasetshenziswa uma ulahla amateyiphi wendawo (bheka ngenhla) noma kumafayela wendawo.
-sinyawo
Ukuzama ukubala inani le-tape elidingekile kumuntu othile. Uma lesi sinani sidlulile, ukulahla kuphakamisa itekisi entsha. Kunconywa ukuba kube yinto enengqondo kule nketho. Ubude obude be-tape buyizingalo ezingu-2300. Ukucacisa usayizi we-tape kudlula ukutholakala kokuphela kwezindaba.
-S
Isilinganiso sokulinganisa. Hlola inani lesikhala esidingekayo ukuze ulahle ngaphandle kokwenza lokho, futhi ubonise inani elilinganisiwe lama-bytes elizothatha. Lokhu kuyasiza ngezindleko ezengeziwe zokunquma ukuthi mangaki amavidyo amavidyo adingekayo.
-Nsuku
Sebenzisa idethi ecacisiwe njengesikhathi sokuqala sokulahla esikhundleni sesikhathi esinqunywe kusukela ekubukeni / njll / amadokhumenti Ukufometha kwedethi kufana neka-ctime (3). Lolu khetho luwusizo kuma-scripts wokulahla okuzenzakalelayo afisa ukulahla esikhathini esithile. I- T inketho ihlangene ngokukhetha okukhethwa kukho.
-u
Buyekeza ifayela / njll / i-dumpdates emva kokulahla ngempumelelo. Ifomethi ye / njll / i-dumpdates ifundeka ngabantu, ehlanganisa irekhodi elilodwa lamafrikhrikhi ngomugqa ngamunye: igama lefayela lefayela , izinga lokunyusa izinga kanye ne-ctime (3) idethi yokulahla ifomethi. Kungaba khona eyodwa kuphela yokungena kwesistimu yefayela ngalinye ezingeni ngalinye. Ifayela / njll / i-dumpdates ingahle ihlelwe ukushintsha noma yimaphi amasimu, uma kunesidingo.
-W
Ukulahla utshela opharetha ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zefayela okufanele zilahlwe. Lolu lwazi luqoqwa kusuka kumafayela / njll / amadokhumenti kanye / njll / fstab I-- W inketho ibangela ukulahla ukuphrinta, ngoba wonke amafayela wefayela / / njll / amadokhumenti nezinhlelo zefayela ezigciniwe / / etc / fstab usuku lokulahlwa kwamuva kanye ezingeni, futhi kugcizelela lezo okufanele zilahlwe. Uma ngabe i- W yokukhetha ihlelwe, zonke ezinye izinketho ziyalondolozwa, bese ulahla ukuphuma ngokushesha.
-w
Ufana no- W kodwa udweba kuphela amafayela wefayela owaziwa ku / / etc / fstab okudinga ukulahlwa.
-z izinga lokucindezela
Cindezela wonke amabhlogo ukuthi abhalwe phansi kuthebhu usebenzisa ilabhulali ye-zlib. Lolu khetho luzosebenza kuphela uma ulahla ifayela noma ipayipi noma, uma ulahla kwi-tape drive, uma i-tape drive ikwazi ukubhala amabhuloho ubude obude. Uzodinga okungenani inguquko engu-0.4b22 yokubuyisela ukuze ukhiphe amathoni agciniwe. Amathathi abhalwe phansi usebenzisa ukucindezela ngeke ahambisane ne-BSD tape format. Ipharamitha (yokuzikhethela) icacisa izinga lokucindezela i-zlib elizolisebenzisa. Izinga lokucindezela okuzenzakalelayo liyi-2. Uma ipharamitha yokuzikhethela icacisiwe, akufanele kube khona isikhala esimhlophe phakathi kwencwadi yokukhetha kanye nepharamitha.
Ukulahlwa kudinga ukungenelela kwe-opharetha kulezi zimo: ekupheleni kwetheyipu, ekupheleni kokulahla, iphutha lokubhala kwe-tape, iphutha le-tape evulekile noma i-disk iphutha elifundwayo (uma kunemibundu yamaphutha we-nr). Ngaphezu kokuxwayisa wonke ama-opharetha okushiwo yi-key, i- dump isebenzisana nomphakeli ekuphemeni kokulawula kokulahla ngezikhathi lapho ukulahla kungasakwazi ukuqhubeka, noma uma kukhona okungalungile kabi. Yonke imibuzo yokulahla iphakamisa kufanele iphendulwe ngokuthayipha `` yebo '' noma `` no '' ngokufanele.
Njengoba ukwenza udoti kuhilela isikhathi esiningi nemizamo yokuthutha okugcwele, dump checkpoints ngokwayo ekuqaleni kwevolumu yomthamo. Uma ubhala ukuthi ivolumu ihluleka ngenxa yesizathu esithile, ukulahlwa kuzokwenza, ngokuvuma imvume, kuqalise ngokwakho kusukela kokungena ngemuva kokuthi ithempheni endala iphindwe kabusha futhi isuswe, futhi ithempulethi entsha iphakanyisiwe.
Ukulahla utshela opharetha ukuthi kwenzekani ngezikhathi ezithile, kufaka phakathi ukulinganisa okuphansi kwesibalo semabhuloki ukubhala, inani lamateyipu lizoyithatha, isikhathi sokuqedela, nesikhathi sokushintsha kwe-tape. Okukhiphayo kungukuthi, ukuze abanye bazi ukuthi ukulahlwa kokulahlwa kokugcina kumatasa, futhi kuzoba yisikhathi esithile.
Uma kwenzeka i-disk yomcimbi oyingozi, isikhathi esidingekayo sokubuyisela wonke amateyipu okusekelayo okudingekayo noma amafayela ku-disk angagcinwa okungenani ngokunciphisa ukulahla okungeziwe. Indlela ephumelelayo yokuthutha ukunyuka kokunciphisa ukunciphisa inani lamateyiphu kulandela:
- Njalo qalisa ngesipele sezinga le-0, isibonelo: / sbin / ukulahla -0u -f / dev / st0 / usr / src Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokubekwa, uthi kanye ngenyanga noma kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili, nangesethi amathepathi amasha agcinwa kuze kube phakade.
- Ngemuva kwezinga le-0, ukuqhuma kwezinhlelo zefayela ezisebenzayo kuthathwa nsuku zonke, kusetshenziswa i-Tower of Hanoi algorithm, ngokulandelana kwamazinga okulahlwa: 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ... Ngokuba ukuhamba kwansuku zonke, kufanele kube khona ukusebenzisa inombolo ehleliwe yamateyipu ngosuku ngalunye, esetshenziselwa isonto ngalinye. Isonto ngalinye, ukuthuthwa kwezinga 1 kuthathwa, futhi ukulandelana kwansuku zonke kweHanoi kuphinda kuqale ngo-3. Ukuthutha kwamasonto onke, elinye isethi elihleliwe lamateyipu ngokuchithwa kwesistimu yefayili lisetshenziswe, futhi ngesisekelo.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa noma kunjalo, amatheyipi asemasontweni nasemavikini kufanele ajikeleze emjikelezweni wokulahla kanye namathepathi amasha angeniswe.
BONA FUTHI
i-rmt (8)
Okubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalo womuntu ( % umuntu ) ukuze ubone ukuthi umyalo usetshenziswe kanjani kukhompyutha yakho ethile.