Isofthiwe Engalungile Seye Sekude Njengamakhompiyutha
Uhlelo lwesofthiwe enonya (uhlelo lwe- malware ) yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olunenhloso enonya. Ngenkathi izinhlelo eziningi ozifakayo, noma ozilayishayo, azikho ngokuphelele amagciwane, ezinye zikhona ama-ajenda afihlekile afuna ukuchitha amafayela, ukweba ulwazi kuwe, noma ngisho nje akucasule.
Lokhu kwenzeke isikhathi eside. I-virus yokuqala yekhompyutha ibizwa ngokuthi i-Elk Cloner futhi itholakale ku-Mac ngo-1982. NgoJanuwari ka-2011 yabona i-malware yokuqala ye-PC ebizwa nge-PC engu-25 okuthiwa ngu-Brian. Ukuze kubhekiswe, i-PC yokuqala edayiswa ngamasentimitha (i-HP 9100A) yavela ngo-1968.
I-Malware ku-1900 & # 39; s
Ngo-1986, iningi lamagciwane atholakale emaunivesithi futhi ukusakazwa kwakuyinhloko ngenxa yama diski egciniwe. I-malware ephawulekayo yayihlanganisa ubuchopho (1986), Lehigh, Amatshe, iJerusalema (1987), imbongolo yeMorris (1988), noMichelangelo (1991).
Phakathi neminyaka engama-90, amabhizinisi ayethinteka ngokufanayo, okwakungadingeka kakhulu kwizinkinga ezinkulu. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi ukusakazwa kwase kudlulele kwinethiwekhi.
I-malware ephawulekayo yalesi sikhathi ihlanganisa i-DMV, ubufakazi bokuqala begciwane le-macro, ngo-1994. Kwakukhona no-Cap.A ngo-1997, owaba yi-first macro virus, futhi i-CIH (aka Chernobyl) ngo-1998, igciwane lokuqala lokulimaza i-hardware.
Ngengxenye yokugcina yama-90s, ama-virus aqale ukuhlasela abasebenzisi basekhaya kanye, ngokusabalalisa kwe-imeyli okwenyuka. I-malware ephawulekayo ngo-1999 yayihlanganisa noMelissa, owokuqala we-imeyili worm, no-Kak, owokuqala nenye yezinkinga ezimbalwa ze-imeyili zangempela.
I-Malware yama-21 ekhulu leminyaka
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyinkulungwane, i-intanethi ne-imeyili izibungu zenza izingqungquthela emhlabeni jikelele.
- Ngo-May 2000: I- loveletter yayiyi-first-profile profit-ishukumisa i-malware
- February 2001: I-imeyili ye-Anna Kournikova
- Ngo-March 2001: I-Magistr, njenge-CIH ngaphambi kwayo, nayo yathinta i-hardware
- NgoJulayi 2001: I-worcam imeyili ye-worm ivune amafayela kusuka kufolda yami yamadokhumenti
- Agasti 2001: I-CodeRed worm
- September 2001: I- Nimda, i-web, i-imeyli, nenethiwekhi ye-worm.
Njengoba le minyaka eyishumi iqhubekela phambili, i-malware cishe yayiba ithuluzi elikhuthazwayo inzuzo. Kuwo wonke u-2002 no-2003, abashayeli bewebhu babhekene nezinkinga zokuphuma ngaphandle kokulawula nezinye amabhomu aseJavascript.
AbakwaMngane babenezinambuzane ezithintekayo ngomphakathi ngo-Okthoba 2002 kanti iSoBig yaqala ukufaka ama-proxy ama-spam emakhompyutheni asisulu. Ukukhwabanisa kanye nezinye izikhwama zekhadi lesikweletu nazo zaqeda phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kanye nezinambuzane eziphawulekayo ze-intanethi okuthiwa i-Blaster ne-Slammer.
- NgoJanuwari 2004: Impi ye-worm ye-imeyili yavela phakathi kwabalobi be-MyDoom, i-Bagle ne-Netsky. Okumangalisa ukuthi lokhu kwaholela ekwenzeni ngcono ukuskena kwe-imeyli kanye namazinga aphezulu okutholwa kokuhlunga i-imeyili, ekugcineni aveze ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwezinambuzane ze-imeyili ezisakazeka.
- NgoNovemba 2005: Ukutholakala nokudalulwa kwe- rootkit ye- Sony manje engabonakali kuholele ekufakweni kokugcina kwe-rootkits kumalware amaningi wansuku zonke.
- U-2006: I- Pump & Dump nemisebenzi ye-mule yemisebenzi ye-mule yajoyina izinombolo ezikhulayo zezigameko ezingu-419 zaseNigeria, ubugebengu be-phishing, kanye nokukhwabanisa kwe-lottery ngonyaka ka-2006. Nakuba kungenjalo ngokuqondile okuhlobene ne-malware, lokho kukhwabanisa kwakungukuqhutshelwa kwengqikithi yomsebenzi wobugebengu obangelwa yinzuzo owasungulwa nge- i-Internet.
- 2007: Iwebhusayithi isontekisiwe yanda ngo-2007 ngenxa enkulu ekutholeni nasekuvezweni kwe-MPack, isitifiketi se-crimeware esetshenziswa ukuletha ukuxhaphazwa ngewebhu. Ukuncintisana kwakuhlanganisa indawo yezemidlalo ye-Miami Dolphins, i-Tom's Hardware, i-Sun, MySpace, i-Bebo, i-Photobucket, newebhusayithi ye-India Times.
- Ekupheleni kuka-2007, ukuhlaselwa kwe-SQL injection kwase kuqalile ukukhuphuka, ukuhlasela izisulu izingosi ezifana namawebhusayithi adumile we-Cute Overload ne-IKEA.
- NgoJanuwari 2008: Okwamanje, abahlaseli bewebhu basebenzise iziqiniseko ze-FTP ezibiwe kanye nokuhlelwa kokusebenza okubuthakathaka ukufaka ama-IFrames ezinkulungwaneni zezinkulungwane zamawebhusayithi wesitayela samaprosesa, okubizwa ngokuthi umsila omude wewebhu.
- Ngo-June 2008, i-Asprox botnet yenza ukuhlasela kwe-SQL ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukufaka i-Walmart njengenye yezisulu zayo. Izinsongo eziqhubekayo eziqhubekayo zivele phakathi nalesi sikhathi njengoba abahlaseli baqala ukuhlukanisa ama-computer abathintekayo nokuletha amafomethi okuhlela amasiko kulabo abanesithakazelo esikhulu.
- 2009: Ekuqaleni kuka-2009, uGumblar, owokuqala webhokisi elibili, wavela. I-Gumblar ayigcini nje ilahle i-backdoor kuma-PC ahlolelwe futhi isetshenziselwa ukweba imininingwane ye-FTP, isetshenzisile lezo ziqinisekiso ukufihla i-backdoor kumawebhusayithi athintekile. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwamukelwa ngokushesha ngabanye abahlaseli.
- Umphumela: i-website ye-compromise ye-namuhla ayisalokothi iphinde ilandele emuva ezincane ze-Host hosts yesizinda. Esikhundleni salokho, noma iyiphi yezinkulungwane zezingcingo eziyekethisiwe zingadlala ngokungafani indima yenkampani ye-malware.
- 2010: Izinhlelo zekhompiyutha yezimboni ziyizinhloso ze-Stuxnet ye-2010. Leli thuluzi elinonya eliqondiswe abalawuli be-logic elungiselelwe ukuze lilawule imishini emigqeni yemikhakha yefektri. Kwakulimaza kangangokuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi bekuyiyona imbangela yokubhujiswa kwamakhulu amahlanu e-uranium enriching centrifuges.
- 2011: Ihhashi le-Tojan eliqondene ne-Microsoft elibizwa nge-ZeroAccess ukulanda i-malware kuma-computer ngamabhodlela. Ngokuyinhloko ifihliwe kusuka ku-OS isebenzisa ama-rootkits, futhi isakazwa ngamathuluzi wokumbiwa kwe-bitcoin.
I-Malware Volume ne-Antivirus Imbuyiselo Yempahla
Umthamo we-malware umane nje ungumkhiqizo wokusatshalaliswa nenhloso. Lokhu kungabonakala kangcono ngokulandelela inani lamasampuli eyaziwa ngokusekelwe esikhathini esenzeke ngaso.
Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sezinhlelo ezingu-80 eziphuthumayo kunamasevisi e- boot alula kanye nama-infectors wefayela asakazwa nge-floppy disk. Ngokusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe nenhloso encane eqondisiwe, amasampula ahlukile we-malware alotshwe ngo-1990 yi-AV-TEST abalwa abangu-9 044 kuphela.
Njengoba ukutholwa kwenethiwekhi ye-computer nokwandiswa kwaqhubeka phakathi nengxenye yokuqala ye-90s, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-malware kwaba lula, ngakho ivolumu yanda. Ngemuva kweminyaka emine kamuva, ngo-1994, i-AV-TEST ibike ukwanda kwezingu-300%, ukubeka amasampula ahlukile e-malware angu-28,613 (okusekelwe ku- MD5 ).
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buhleliwe, izinhlobo ezithile ze-malware zakwazi ukuthola indawo. Amagciwane we-macro asebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-Microsoft Office ayitholanga kuphela ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu nge-imeyili, futhi bathola ukuthuthukiswa kokusabalalisa ngokutholwa kokwandiswa kwe-imeyili. Ngo-1999, i-AV-TEST ibhalwe ngamasampuli angama-malware angu-98,428 ayingqayizivele, okwakuyi-344% i-bump kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambili.
Njengoba ukukhuliswa kwe-intanethi ye-broadband kwanda, izibungu zaba namandla kakhulu. Ukusabalalisa kwakwandiswe ngokwengeziwe ngokusebenzisa ukwandiswa kwewebhu kanye nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe okuthiwa yiWeb 2.0 , okwakhuthaza imvelo enhle kakhulu ye-malware. Ngonyaka ka-2005, amasampuli ahlukile we-malware angu-333,425 alotshwe yi-AV-TEST. Lokho kungu-338% ngaphezulu kuka-1999.
Ukuqwashisa okuqhubekayo kumakethi okusebenzisa amawebhusayithi okuholela ekuqhumeni kwe-malware enikezwe iwebhu kuzo zonke izingxenye zokugcina zeminyaka yokuqala eyishumi leminyaka. Ngo-2006, ngonyaka we-MPack utholakale, i-AV-TEST ibhalwe ngamasampuli angama-malware angu-972,606 ayingqayizivele, okungama-291% aphezulu kuneminyaka eyisikhombisa ngaphambili.
Njengomjovo we-SQL ozenzekelayo nezinye izinhlobo zewebhusayithi ye-mass compromise ukukhishwa kwamandla okusabalalisa ngo-2007, ivolumu ye-malware yenza inqwaba enkulu kakhulu, namasampula angqayizivele angu-5,490,960 abhalwe yi-AV-TEST ngalowo nyaka. Lokhu kukhula okungu-564% ngonyaka owodwa kuphela.
Kusukela ngo-2007, inani le-malware eliyingqayizivele liye laqhubeka likhula, liphindwe kabili noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka. Njengamanje, ukulinganiswa kwabathengisi kwamasampula amasha we-malware kusuka ku-30k kuya ku-50k ngosuku. Faka enye indlela, umthamo wenyanga wamanje wamasampula amasha we-malware mkhulu kunevolumu yenani lazo zonke i-malware kusukela ngo-2006 nangonyaka odlule.
I-Antivirus / Imali engenayo yokuphepha
Ngesikhathi se-"sneakernet" ekupheleni kwe-80s nasekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-90, inzuzo ye-antivirus yabathengi bemali yayibanjwe ngaphansi kwe $ 1B USD. Ngonyaka we-2000, imali yokuthola unqulo wesi arab yanda kakhulu efika ku-$ 1.5B.
- 2001 - $ 1.8
- 2002 - $ 2.06B
- 2003 - $ 2.7B
- 2004 - $ 3.5B
- 2005 - $ 7.4B
- 2006 - $ 8.6B
- 2007- $ 11.3B
- 2008 - $ 13.5B
- 2009 $ 14.8B
- 2010 - $ 16.5B
Nakuba abanye bangase babhekise ku-antivirus ekhulayo nokuthengwa kwemali abathengisi njenge "ubufakazi" ukuthi abathengisi be-antivirus bazuza kulo (futhi ngaleyo ndlela badala) i-malware, izibalo ngokwazo azivezi lo mbono we-conspiracy.
Ngonyaka ka-2007, isibonelo, izinzuzo ze-antivirus zakhula ngo-131% kodwa imiqulu ye-malware yanda ngo-564% kulo nyaka. Ukwengeza, ukukhuphuka kwemali ye-antivirus nakho kubangelwa izinkampani ezintsha nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, njengemishini yezokuphepha nokuthuthukiswa kwe-based based security.