Le tutorial ichaza ubuchwepheshe ngemuva kwenethiwekhi ye- Inthanethi Protocol (IP) . Kulabo abangenasithakazelo ezicikweni zobuchwepheshe, yeqa kulokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukusebenza Amakheli E-IP
I-IPv4 ne-IPv6
Ubuchwepheshe be-Intanethi ye-Intanethi (IP) yasungulwa ngawo-1970 ukusekela amanye amakhompiyutha okucwaninga okuqala ekhompiyutha . Namuhla, i-IP isibe yindinganiso yomhlaba wonke yokuxhumana nendawo yebhizinisi neyebhizinisi. Ama- routers ethu enethiwekhi , iziphequluli zeWebhu , izinhlelo ze-imeyli, isofthiwe yokuthumela imibiko esheshayo - konke kuxhomeke ku-IP noma kwezinye izinqubo zenethiwekhi ezigcwala phezulu kwe- IP .
Izinguqulo ezimbili zobuchwepheshe be-IP zikhona namuhla. Amanethiwekhi ekhompiyutha asekhaya asekhaya asebenzisa i-IP version 4 (i-IPv4), kodwa amanye amanethiwekhi, ikakhulukazi kulawo maziko ezemfundo nocwaningo, asemukele isizukulwane esilandelayo IP version 6 (IPv6).
I-IPv4 Ekhuluma Nge-Notation
Ikheli le-IPv4 liqukethe ama- byte amane (ama-32 bits). Lezi zinyoka ziyaziwa ngokuthi ama- octet .
Ukuze izinhloso zokufunda, abantu ngokuvamile basebenza ngamakheli e-IP kunothi elibizwa ngokuthi i- decimal decimal . Le notation ibeka izikhathi phakathi kwezinombolo ezine (ama-octet) aqukethe ikheli le-IP. Isibonelo, ikheli le-IP ukuthi amakhompyutha abona njenge
- 00001010 00000000 00000000 00000001
ibhaliwe kumadasimenti ashicilelwe njenge
- 10.0.0.1
Ngenxa yokuthi i-octet ngayinye iqukethe ama-bits angu-8, i-octet ngayinye kumakamelo wekheli le-IP enenani kusukela ekungenani okungu-0 kuya kwezingu-255. Ngakho-ke, uhla olugcwele lwamakheli we-IP luvela ku- 0.0.0.0 kuya ku- 255.255.255.255 . Lokhu kusho inani lamakheli e-IP angama-4,294,967,296.
I-IPv6 Ekhuluma Nge-Notation
Amakheli e-IP ashintsha kakhulu nge-IPv6. Amakheli e-IPv6 angama-bytes angu-16 (ama-128 bits) isikhathi eside kunama-bytes amane (ama-32 bits). Usayizi omkhulu usho ukuthi i-IPv6 isekela okungaphezu kwalokho
- 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
amakheli kungenzeka! Njengenombolo ekhulayo yamakhalekhukhwini kanye nabanye abathengi be-electronics bathulisa amandla abo okuxhumana nabo futhi badinga amakheli abo, isikhala esincane sekheli le-IPv4 sizogcina siphume futhi i-IPv6 ibe yinto efanele.
Amakheli we-IPv6 ngokuvamile abhalwe efomu elilandelayo:
- hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh
Kulesi sihloko esiphelele , amabili we-IPv6 bytes ahlukaniswe ikholoni futhi i-byte ngayinye ephendukile iboniswa njengezinombolo ezimbili ze- hexadecimal , njengalesi sibonelo esilandelayo:
- I-E3D7: 0000: 0000: 0000: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, ikheli le-IPv6 livame ukuqukethe ama-bytes amaningi ngenani le-zero. Ukwehla okuncane ku-IPv6 kususa lezi zimiso kusuka ekubonisweni kombhalo (nakuba ama-byte asesekhona ekhelini lenethiwekhi langempela) kanje:
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Ekugcineni, amakheli amaningi we- IPv6 yizandiso zekheli le-IPv4. Kulezi zimo, i-byte ezine eziphambili zekheli le-IPv6 (ama-pair-byte amabili) angabhalwa kabusha ku-notation ye-IPv4. Iguqula isibonelo esingenhla ukuze kuhlanganiswe isivuno sokwaziswa
- I-E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: 192.168.100.32
Amakheli we-IPv6 angabhalwa kunoma yikuphi okugcwele, okufushane noma okuhlanganisiwe okuboniswe ngenhla.