Ngesikhathi esincane nje nomzamo, noma ubani angakwazi ukusetha inethiwekhi eyisisekelo yekhompyutha yekhaya. Amanethiwekhi wekhaya alula, kodwa, anikezela kuphela ingxenyana encane yekhono inethiwekhi eyithuthukisiwe eyenzayo. Ukuthola okuningi kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwi-hardware engcono, isofthiwe eyengeziwe, nokuhambisana nezimo zakamuva zemboni. Sebenzisa lo mhlahlandlela ukuze ufunde indlela yokwakha inethiwekhi engcono kunazo zonke wena nomndeni wakho.
Thuthukisa isevisi ye-intanethi yekhaya
Abantu abaningi kakhulu baphatha ukuxhumeka kwe-intanethi ekhaya. Njengoba ukuhamba kufufusa i-computing kuqhubeka, imindeni idinga ukufinyelela okuthembekile, okusheshayo kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti wabo we-intanethi nedatha. Abahlinzeki abaningi be-intanethi banikela ngezinhlelo eziningi zezinhlelo ngamaphuzu ahlukene amanani. Ukubhaliselwa kwamacebo ayisisekelo omhlinzeki wakho kungasindisa amadola ambalwa inyanga ngayinye kodwa ekugcineni ukubiza okuningi ngokwesikhathi nesikhathi esikahle. Ngisho nokunyuka okuncane kumanani wedatha kungahle kuphuce imizuzu ebalulekile ekulandweni okude futhi ekugcineni kwenze kwenzeke ukuthi usakaze wonke ama-movie we-Netflix ngaphandle kwe-glitches.
Okufanele ngikwenze:
- Yazi zonke izinsizakalo ze-intanethi eziphezulu ezikhona endaweni yakho. Buza omakhelwane ngezincomo, sesha ku-dslreports.com, futhi ubuke izikhangisi zabanikezeli abasha abavula ibhizinisi. Phakathi kwezinye izindlela zokuxhumeka kwe-intanethi ekhaya , i-fiber iyadingeka ngokukhethekile.
- Thuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lwezinsizakalo ze-Inthanethi kulabo abatholakalayo kakhulu, abaguquli abaguqukayo uma kunesidingo. Qaphela ukuthi isevisi engcono kunazo zonke yasekhaya ye-intanethi ayiyona leyo enezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le- Mbps . I- latency yenethiwekhi (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i- ping ) ye-Inthanethi yokuxhumeka ine-elilinganayo uma kungeyona impumelelo enkulu ekuphenduleni jikelele. Ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi - izinsizakalo ezinenkinga yokuchitha isikhathi noma ukulimala okukhulu okungazelelwe kokusebenza - kubalulekile.
- Cabanga ngokubhalisela isevisi ye-intanethi yebhizinisi (uma ikhona). Ngokubuyisela ithegi yentengo ephakeme, amakhasimende e-intanethi yebhizinisi athola ukwesekwa okungcono kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinketho eziningi zokuhlela njengezivinini eziphakeme zokulayisha. Lezi zinhlelo futhi azifaki izinhlamvu ze-bandwidth .
- Yilungele ukusebenzisa i-intanethi yeselula njengenketho yokuwa phansi ngesikhathi sokungena ngensizakalo ye-intanethi yasekhaya. Ukubhaliselwa kwidatha yedatha esekela ukufakwa kwe-intanethi kwenza ukwabelana nge-intanethi ye-smartphone yonkana kunethiwekhi yekhaya, ngokuphumelelayo ukuvula ifoni ibe yimodemu .
I-Master Home Network I-Hardware Plumbing
Imikhiqizo ye-hardware entsha ifika esithombeni sezokuxhumana ekhaya njalo. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi amakhono amasha abanikezayo kubalulekile ekuhleleni ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Imishini yakho yenethiwekhi yasendaweni ekhona ingasebenza bese inikeza ukusekelwa "okuhle ngokwanele" iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ukulondoloza ukusetha kabusha kwenethiwekhi ekhaya okudinga kudinga ukuvuselelwa okuningi okujwayelekile.
Amanethiwekhi asekhaya ahamba phambili asebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana zenethiwekhi ezingenazintambo. Ama-router Broadband asebenza njenge-centerpiece yala manethiwekhi asekhaya, asekela kokubili uxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi ne- Ethernet . Lawa ma-routers aye kancane kancane aguquke efomini futhi asebenza ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-15 futhi aqhubeke nokwengeza amakhono amasha. I-modems ye-Broadband ixhuma kulezi zithutha ukuze unike amandla i-router nenethiwekhi yasemakhaya ngenethiwekhi ye-intanethi ye-broadband. Imikhiqizo ehlanganisa i-router roulette kanye ne-modem ibe iphakheji elilodwa - okuthiwa i-Internet gateways - ikhona futhi.
Ezinye izinto zokusebenza kwesevisi yekhaya (njengama-printer wenethiwekhi) zixhuma nge-Wi-Fi noma i-Ethernet kuyilapho abanye bexhuma nge- Bluetooth wireless noma i- USB . Inhlobo ngayinye yedivayisi yenethiwekhi yasemakhaya ine-interface yomsebenzisi ehlukile futhi inqubo yokusetha yokwenza lokhu kuxhumana. Amadivayisi amaningi wenethiwekhi ekhaya axhuma nge-Wi-Fi. Lezi zonke zilandela izimiso eziyisisekelo ezifanayo - idivayisi kufanele ithole i-router, ibe nezilungiselelo zokuphepha ezifanele ukuze uvumeleke ukujoyina inethiwekhi, futhi uthole ikheli le-IP elivumelekile. (Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe, bheka Indlela Yokujoyina Inethiwekhi Engenantambo kusuka kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ).
Okufanele ngikwenze:
- Sebenzisa ama-routers asekela inguqulo ejwayelekile yamuva ye-Wi-Fi (okwamanje, 802.11ac ). Uma inethiwekhi yakho ibandakanya (noma izofaka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze), iklayenti engaphezu kweyodwa exhuma nge-5 GHz Wi-Fi, sebenzisa umzila we-Wi-Fi we- tri-band .
- Khetha ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya kufanele ibe ne-router eyodwa kuphela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele usebenzise ukusethwa kwe-router amabili , noma ngabe udinga uhlelo lwe- Wi-Fi lwamathuluzi wenethiwekhi . Yikuphi kwalokhu okukhethwa kukho okungcono kuncike esimweni sasekhaya.
- Faka i-broadband router kanye ne-broadband modem hardware ngokwehlukana; ungasebenzisi amasango e-intanethi. Ukuphatha lezi njengezinyunithi ezihlukene kukunika izindlela eziningi zokuhamba ezikhethwa kukho ukuthuthukiswa.
- Funda futhi ulandele imikhuba engcono yokusetha kwenethiwekhi yasendaweni kufaka lapho ukubeka khona ama-routers .
- Cabanga ngokuthuthukisa i-router njalo ngonyaka ukuze uthathe ubuchwepheshe obusha-futhi-obukhulu kakhulu. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-modem abuguquki cishe njalo njengalabo abahambahambayo, bukela ukuthuthukiswa okusha lapha futhi futhi ulungele ukuthuthukisa i-modem yakho lapho umhlinzeki wakho ethuthukisa inethiwekhi yabo. (Okusebenza ngokukhethekile kumamodeli wekhebula le-DOCSIS ).
Khuphula inani leNethiwekhi Yasekhaya ngezicelo
Ukufaka amaphuloli enethiwekhi yasendlini ye-top-of-line akusizi ngalutho ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenziseka ngalesi sakhiwonkali nazo zifakwa. Wonke umuntu usebenzisa inethiwekhi yakhe ukuze agxume kwi-intanethi futhi abaningi babukela i-YouTube ne-Netflix, kodwa amanethiwekhi womuzi wanamuhla angenza okuningi okuningi.
Amanethiwekhi asekhaya ahamba phambili asebenzisa uhlelo lokusekela ngokuzenzakalela. Ukusekela kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya kwenza amakhophi wedatha eyigugu egcinwe kumadivayisi ahlukene ekhaya bese ulondoloza endaweni ehlukile. Izinsizakalo zokulondoloza ku-inthanethi zisiza ngokuzenzakalela inqubo futhi inikeze indawo yokugcina ifu , kodwa ukusekela ekhaya kungasethwa kusetshenziswa amadivayisi we-Network Attached Storage (NAS) , esinye isixazululo esihle kulabo abangase bangakhululekile ukuthumela izithombe zabo zomndeni kuma-datacenters e-intanethi.
Amakhompiyutha we-Wi-Fi angenazintambo angathuthukisiwe ngekhwalithi yevidiyo futhi anciphisa ngentengo eminyakeni edlule lapho kungekho inethiwekhi efanele ekhaya okufanele ibe khona ngaphandle kwabo. Ukufaka nokuvumela amakhamera weWebhu ukubhekwa kokungaphakathi noma ngaphandle akulula futhi kusiza ukuletha ukuthula komndeni kwengqondo.
Izindlela zokuzenzakalela zasekhaya zikhona ngisho nangaphambi kwe-Wi-Fi, kodwa amazwe amabili aye ahlanganiswa kangcono eminyakeni yamuva. Ukulawulwa okuhleliwe ngokukhanyisa ekhaya nge-inethiwekhi yasendlini kuyisibonelo esisodwa sokuthi ikhaya elizenzekelayo lingaba lula. I-Wi-Fi ixhunyiwe i-thermostats ehlakaniphile umuntu angayiphatha nge-smartphone yakhe, ngisho nalapho engekho ekhaya, ayilona nje elula kodwa futhi ingasindisa imali ebalulekile (kumabhilidithi e-utility).
Okufanele ngikwenze:
- Yonke inethiwekhi yekhaya idinga uhlelo lokusekela ukuvimbela izithombe zomndeni kanye nolwazi olubalulekile lwedijithali olulahlekile. Yenza kube kuqala ukubeka eyodwa endaweni, kungakhathaliseki ngokufaka isitoreji sangaphakathi noma ukubhalisela isevisi yokulondoloza inthanethi.
- Amakhaya anemibono ehlukene mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izicelo zenethiwekhi ezibaluleke kakhulu kubo. Cabanga ngamathuba amaningi akhona emakethe futhi ubeke phambili ukuthi yimiphi imindeni yakho efuna ukuyibeka kuqala. Qhubeka ukwandisa inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya ngezinhlelo ezintsha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa - ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi yekhaya "akukwenziwanga" ngempela.
Ungakhazi Amakhonksi ku-Network Security
Akekho othanda ukuchitha isikhathi ekuhlelweni kwenethiwekhi yekhaya, kodwa kuthatha isigameko esisodwa sokuphepha kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu emndenini. Ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ekhaya kuqala ngobuchwepheshe bezokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-FI njengo- WPA2 . Uma uvula i-router entsha bese uyixhuma okokuqala, ukuphepha kwe-Wi-Fi kukhutshaziwe. Amakhaya angakwazi ukufaka futhi asebenze amanethiwekhi awo we-Wi-Fi ngaphandle kokuguqula.
Wonke ama-router wenethiwekhi akhiphe izilungiselelo zabo zokuhlela ngemuva kwe-akhawunti yomsebenzisi yomlawuli. Ukwenza izinguquko zamasethingi, kufanele wazi igama lomsebenzisi lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ukuze ungene ngemvume. Ukuze wenze le nqubo yokusetha kabusha kwenethiwekhi yokuqala ekhaya, abakhiqizi be-router banikeze imikhiqizo yabo ejwayelekile yokusebenzisa amagama namaphasiwedi (lawo awaziwa futhi ashicilelwe ku-inthanethi).
Enye indlela yokuphepha ejwayelekile, izingcingo zomlilo , ivikela inethiwekhi yekhaya kusuka emgwaqweni ononya ongena kwi-inthanethi. Ama-router Broadband aqukethe izibhamu zomlilo ezakhiwe ngaphakathi futhi azigcine zivunyelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Amakhompiyutha kaningi nawo anezibhamu zakhe (njengeWindows Firewall) endaweni.
Ama-routers amaningi asekhaya yanamuhla afaka ukusekelwa kwezixhumanisi zokuvakasha . Ukusetha inethiwekhi yesimenywa kuthatha imizuzu embalwa futhi kuyindlela enhle yokuvula inethiwekhi yakho kuzivakashi zasendlini ngaphandle kokwehliswa kokusetha kwakho kokuphepha.
Okufanele ngikwenze:
- Funda futhi ulandele imikhuba engcono yokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-wireless . Kusuka ekuphatheni okucophelela kwephasiwedi ukuze unike amandla i-WPA2 ngokukhetha kahle okhiye, iphutha ekuhlangothini lokuvikela ngaphezu kokuvikela.
- Sebenzisa amanethiwekhi wezihambeli noma kunini lapho kungenzeka ukuze uhambisane nezivakashi kunokuba ubanikeze ukufinyelela okuphelele kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya. Vala ukuxhumana kwezivakashi uma ungayisebenzisi ukugwema izingozi zokuphepha ezingadingekile.