Konke Okudingeka Ukwazi Nge-FAT32, exFAT, FAT16, & FAT12
Ithebula Lokunikezwa Kwefayela (FAT) yisistimu yefayela eyadalwa yi-Microsoft ngo-1977.
I-FAT isasetshenziswa namuhla njengendlela yesistimu ekhethwayo ye-media drive ye- floppy futhi ephathekayo, amadivaysi okugcina amandla wokugcina amandla afana ne- flash drives namanye amadivaysi enkumbulo aqinile njengamakhadi we-SD.
I-FAT yiyayisistimu eyinhloko yefayela esetshenziselwa zonke izinhlelo ze-Microsoft zabasebenzisi abathengi kusuka ku-MS-DOS nge-Windows ME. Yize noma i-FAT iseyindlela exhaswayo kwizinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ze-Microsoft, i- NTFS iyisistimu yefayela eyinhloko esetshenziswa ngalezi zinsuku.
Uhlelo lwefayili yefayela le-Allocation Table lubonile ukuqhubekela phambili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuthi kunesidingo sokusekela izinkinobho ezinkulu ze- disk namasayizi amakhulu wefayela.
Nakhu okunye okuningi kuzinguqulo ezahlukene zesistimu yefayili ye-FAT:
I-FAT12 (Ithebula lokunikezwa kwefayela le-12-bit)
Inguqulo yokuqala esetshenzisiwe kakhulu yesistimu yefayili ye-FAT, i-FAT12, yasungulwa ngo-1980, kanye nezinguqulo zokuqala ze-DOS.
I-FAT12 yayiyisistimu yefayela eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokusebenza zeMicrosoft kuze kufike nge-MS-DOS 3.30 kodwa futhi isetshenziselwa izinhlelo eziningi kuze kufike ku-MS-DOS 4.0. I-FAT12 namanje isistimu yefayili esetshenziselwa i-floppy disk evamile oyothola namhlanje.
I-FAT12 isekela ubuningi bezinkampani namasayizi wefayela angafika ku-16 MB usebenzisa amaqoqo angu-4 KB noma i-32 MB usebenzisa i-8 KB, enezinombolo ezingu-4,084 ngamavolumu owodwa (uma usebenzisa amaqoqo angu-8KB).
Amagama wefayela ngaphansi kwe-FAT12 ayikwazi ukudlula umkhawulo wesigqila esiphezulu sezinhlamvu ezingu-8, kanye no-3 sokwandiswa .
Izinhlamvu eziningi zefayela zaziswe kuqala ku-FAT12, kufaka phakathi okufihliwe , okufundwayo kuphela , uhlelo , nelebuli yevolumu .
Qaphela: i- FAT8, eyethulwa ngo-1977, yinguqulo yokuqala yeqiniso yefayili ye-FAT kodwa yayinokusetshenziswa okukhawulelwe futhi kuphela kwezinye izinhlelo zokugcina ikhompyutha zesitayela.
I-FAT16 (Ithebula lokunikezwa kwefayela le-16-bit)
Ukuqaliswa kwesibili kwe-FAT kwakungu-FAT16, okwaqala ngo-1984 ku-PC DOS 3.0 naku-MS-DOS 3.0.
Inguqulo engcono kakhulu ye-FAT16, ebizwa nge-FAT16B, yayiyisistimu yefayela eyinhloko ye-MS-DOS 4.0 phezulu nge-MS-DOS 6.22. Kusukela nge-MS-DOS 7.0 ne-Windows 95, enye inguqulo ethuthukisiwe, ebizwa nge-FAT16X, isetshenzisiwe esikhundleni.
Kuye ngesistimu yokusebenza kanye nosayizi weqoqo elisetshenzisiwe, usayizi ophezulu wokushayela umshini ofomethiwe we-FAT16 ungaba u-2 GB kuya ku-16 GB, okugcina kuphela ku-Windows NT 4 ngamaqoqo angu-256 KB.
Amafayili wefayili kuma-FAT16 akhipha ama-max angaphandle ku-4 GB ngokusekelwa kwefayela elikhulu kunikwe amandla, noma i-2 GB ngaphandle kwawo.
Inombolo enkulu yamafayela angabanjwa ngevolumu ye-FAT16 ingu-65,536. Njengokuthi nge-FAT12, amagama wefayela alinganiselwe ezinhlamvu ezingu-8 + 3 kodwa enwetshiwe ezinhlamvu ezingu-255 eziqala nge-Windows 95.
I- attribute yefayela ye-archive isungulwe ku-FAT16.
I-FAT32 (Ithebula lokunikezwa kwefayela le-32-bit)
I-FAT32 inguqulo yakamuva yesistimu yefayili ye-FAT. Yethulwa ngo-1996 nge-Windows 95 OSR2 / MS-DOS 7.1 abasebenzisi futhi yayiyisistimu yefayela eyinhloko yezinguqulo zabathengi Windows nge-Windows ME.
I-FAT32 isekela amasayizi ayisisekelo wedrayivu kuze kufike ku-2 TB noma ngisho nangaphezulu kwe-TB engu-16 enezigaba ezingu-64 KB.
Njengesi-FAT16, amafayela wefayili kuma-FAT32 akhipha ama-max angaphandle ku-4 GB ne- Large File Support noma ku-2 GB ngaphandle kwawo. Inguqulo eguquliwe ye-FAT32, ebizwa ngokuthi i- FAT32 + , isekela amafayela eduze nosayizi we-256 GB!
Amafayela angama-268,173,300 angatholakala kwivolumu ye-FAT32 uma nje usebenzisa amaqoqo angu-32 KB.
i-exFAT (Ithebula Lokwabiwa Kwefayela Elibanzi)
i-exFAT, eyethulwa ngo-2006, isisodwa uhlelo lwefayili oludalwa yi-Microsoft nakuba kungewona "ilandelayo" ye-FAT version ngemuva kwe-FAT32.
i-exFAT ngokuyinhloko ihloswe ukuthi isetshenziswe kumadivayisi we-media ephathekayo afana ne-flash drive, amakhadi we-SDHC kanye ne-SDXC, njll.
i-exFAT isekela ngokomthetho amadivaysi esitoreji semidiya ephathekayo kuze kufike ku-512 TiB ngobukhulu kodwa inselelo ingase isekele amashayela amakhulu njenge-64 ZiB, enkulu kakhulu kunanoma yimiphi imithombo etholakalayo njengale mibhalo.
Ukwesekwa kwabomdabu kwamafayela wezinhlamvu ezingu-255 nokusekelwa kwamafayela angu- 2,796,202 uhla lwemibhalo ngayinye yizici ezimbili eziphawulekayo zesistimu ye-exFAT.
Uhlelo lwefayili ye-exFAT lusekelwa cishe zonke izinguqulo ze-Windows (asebekhulile ngezibuyekezo ezizikhethela), i-Mac OS X (10.6.5+), kanye nakwabanye ama-TV, abezindaba, namanye amadivayisi.
Ukuhambisa amafayela kusuka ku-NTFS kuya kuma-FAT Systems
Ukubethelwa kwamafayili, ukucindezelwa kwefayela , izimvume zezinto, ama-quotas disk, kanye nemfanelo yefayela ekhonjisiwe iyatholakala ohlelweni lwefayela le-NTFS kuphela - hhayi i-FAT . Ezinye izimfanelo, njengezivamile engizikhulume ezingxoxweni ezingenhla, ziyatholakala ku-NTFS.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukungafani kwabo, uma ufaka ifayela elibhalwe ngokubethelwa kwi-volume ye-NTFS ibe yesikhala esenziwe efomethi ye-FAT, ifayela lilahlekelwa isimo sayo sokubhala, okusho ukuthi ifayela lingasetshenziswa njengefayili evamile, engabhalisiwe. Ukumisa ifayela ngale ndlela kungenzeka kuphela kumsebenzisi wangempela owabethela ifayela, noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzisi onikezwe imvume ngumnikazi wangempela.
Njengoba kufana namafayela obhaliwe, kusukela i-FAT ayisekeli ukucindezela, ifayela elicindezelweyo lixiliswa ngokuzenzakalelayo uma likopishwa kwindleko ye-NTFS futhi ingena kwivolumu ye-FAT. Isibonelo, uma ukopisha ifayela elicindezelweyo kusuka ku-NTFS drive drive kuya ku-floppy disk ye-FAT, ifayela lizoqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphambi kokuthi ligcinwe ku-floppy ngoba uhlelo lwefayela le-FAT kumidiya okuya khona alukwazi ukugcina amafayela agciniwe .
Ukufunda Okuthuthukisiwe ku-FAT
Ngenkathi kungaphezu kwenkulumo eyisisekelo ye-FAT lapha, uma unesithakazelo kokuningi mayelana nokuthi ama-FAT12, ama-FAT16, nama-FAT32 afakwe kanjani ama-format ahlelwe, hlola ama-FAT Filesystems ka-Andries E. Brouwer.