A 'Ukukopela Sheet' for Beginners Online
I-intanethi ne-World Wide Web, ngokubambisana, yi-medium yokusakaza yomphakathi jikelele. Ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha yakho yedeskithophu, i-smartphone, ithebhulethi, i-Xbox, isidlali semidiya, i-GPS, ngisho nemoto yakho ne-thermostat yakho, ungafinyelela ezweni elikhulu lomlayezo kanye nokuqukethwe nge-inthanethi nakuwebhu.
I-intanethi iyinethiwekhi enkulu yehadiwe. Okuqukethwe okukhulu okufundwayo kwe-inthanethi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'iWorld Wide Web', iqoqo lamakhasi ayizinkulungwane eziningana nezithombe ezihlanganiswe nama-hyperlink. Okunye okuqukethwe kwi-intanethi kuhlanganisa: i-imeyili, imibiko esheshayo, ividiyo yokusakaza, ukwabelana ngefayela le- P2P (ukubuka obala), nokulanda kwe-FTP.
Ngezansi isithenjwa esisheshayo sokusiza ukugcwalisa izikhala zakho zolwazi, futhi uthole ukuthi uhlanganyele kuyi-intanethi kanye neWebhu ngokushesha. Zonke lezi zikhombo zingashicilelwa, futhi zikhululekile ukuthi usebenzise ukubonga kubakhangisi bethu.
01 kwangu-11
I-'Internet 'ihluke kanjani ku-'Web'?
I-Intanethi, noma 'Net', imelela ukuxhumeka kwe-Computer Networks. Kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu yezigidi zamakhompyutha namadivayisi we-smartphone, konke okuxhunywe yizintambo namasignali angenawaya. Nakuba iqalile ngawo-1960 njengesivivinyo sezempi ekukhulumisaneni, i-Net yaguqukela esithangamini sokusakaza samahhala esidlangalaleni eminyakeni yama-70 no-80. Ayikho igunya elilodwa eliphethe noma elilawula i-intanethi. Ayikho iqoqo elilodwa lemithetho elilawula okuqukethwe kwalo. Uxhuma kwi-Inthanethi ngokusebenzisa umnikezeli wesevisi yangasese, inethiwekhi yomphakathi ye-Wi-Fi, noma kwinethiwekhi yakho yehhovisi.
Ngo-1989, iqoqo elikhulayo lokuqukethwe elingafundwa lanezelwa kwi-Inthanethi: iWorld Wide Web . I-'Web 'inqwaba yamakhasi we-HTML nezithombe ezihamba nge-hardware ye-intanethi. Uzozwa izinkulumo 'Web 1.0', ' Web 2.0 ', ne ' Invisible Web ' ukuchaza lezigidigidi zamakhasi ewebhu.
Izinkulumo 'Web' ne 'Inthanethi' zisetshenziswe ngokungahambisani nomuntu obeka eceleni. Lokhu akuyona into engalungile, njengoba iwebhu iqukethe i-Intanethi. Ngokwenza, noma kunjalo, iningi labantu alikhathazi ngokuhlukana.
02 kwangu-11
Iyini 'Web 1.0', 'Web 2.0', ne 'Invisible Web'?
I-Web 1.0: Lapho iWorld Wide Web iqalwa ngo-1989 nguTim Berners-Lee , yayinombhalo nje kanye nehluzo ezilula. Ngokuphumelelayo ukuqoqwa kwezincwajana zamakhompyutha, i-Web yahlelwa njengendlela elula yokusakaza-ukwamukela ifomethi. Sibiza le fomethi elula ye-static 'Web 1.0'. Namuhla, izigidi zamakhasi ewebhu zisalokhu ziyi-static, futhi igama le-Web 1.0 lisasebenza.
I-Web 2.0: Ekupheleni kwawo-1990, i-Web iqalile ukuhamba ngaphezu kokuqukethwe kwe-static, futhi yaqala ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuxhumana. Esikhundleni samakhasi ewebhu nje njengezincwajana, i-Web yaqala ukunikeza isofthiwe ye-intanethi lapho abantu bengenza khona imisebenzi futhi bathole izinsizakalo zohlobo lwabathengi. Ukubhanka kwe-inthanethi, ukudlala kwevidiyo, izinsizakalo zokuthandana, ukulandela amasheya, ukuhlela kwezezimali, ukuhlela ihluzo, amavidiyo wekhaya, i-webmail ... konke lokhu kwaba yi-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi ngaphambi konyaka ka-2000. Lezi zinsizakalo ze-intanethi manje zibizwa ngokuthi 'iWeb 2.0' . Amagama afana ne-Facebook, i-Flickr, i-Lavalife, i-eBay, i-Digg, ne-Gmail yasize ukwenza iWeb 2.0 ibe yingxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke.
I-Invisible Web ingxenye yesithathu yeWorld Wide Web. Ngokusemthethweni i-subset ye-Web 2.0, i -Web engabonakali ichaza lawo mabiliyoni wamakhasi ewebhu afihliwe ngamabomu kusuka kuzinjini ezivamile. Lezi amakhasi zewebhu ezingabonakali ziyimfihlo-eyimfihlo (isib. I-imeyili yomuntu siqu, izitatimende zomuntu siqu zebhange), namakhasi ewebhu akhiqizwa ngezinguquko ezikhethekile (isib. Ukuthunyelwa komsebenzi eCleveland noma eSepville). Amakhasi e-Web angabonakali afihlwe ngokuphelele emehlweni akho ajwayelekile noma adinga izinjini ezikhethekile zokusesha.
Ngawo-2000, ingxenye ehlanganisiwe ye-World Wide yaveza: i -Darknet (aka 'The Dark Web'). Lena iqoqo langasese lamawebusayithi abhalwe ngokufihlakele ukufihla zonke izimpawu zomhlanganyeli futhi avimbele iziphathimandla ukuba zilandele imisebenzi yabantu. I-Darknet iyimakethe emnyama yabathengisi bezimpahla ezingekho emthethweni, kanye nendawo engcwele yabantu abafuna ukuxhumana nabahulumeni abacindezelayo nezinkampani ezingathembeki.
03 ka-11
Imigomo ye-Inthanethi Abaqalayo Kufanele Bafunde
Kuneminye imigomo yobuchwepheshe abaqalayo okufanele bafunde. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe obunye be-intanethi bungaba bunzima kakhulu futhi besabisa, okuyisisekelo sokuqonda iNet kunzima kakhulu. Eminye yemigomo eyisisekelo yokufunda ihlanganisa:
- I-HTML ne-http / https
- Isiphequluli
- I-URL
- I-ISP
- Ukulanda
- I-Malware
- Router
- E-commerce
- Ibhukhimakhi.
Nazi amagama angu-30 abalulekile e-Inthanethi wabaqalayo. "
04 kwangu-11
Iziphequluli zewebhu: isofthiwe yokufunda amakhasi eWebhu
Isiphequluli sakho yisithuluzi sakho esiyinhloko sokufunda amakhasi wewebhu nokuhlola i-intanethi enkulu. I-Internet Explorer (IE), i-Firefox, i-Chrome, i-Safari ... lawa amagama amakhulu kwisofthiwe yesiphequluli, futhi ngamunye wabo unikeza izici ezinhle. Funda kabanzi mayelana neziphequluli zewebhu lapha:
- Ungasula kanjani isilondolozi sakho sesiphequluli
- Indlela umsebenzi we-plug-ins, nokuthi ungayitholaphi
05 ka-11
Iyini 'I-Web Dark'?
IWeb Web Dark kuyinto iqoqo elikhulayo lamawebhusayithi angasese angatholakala kuphela ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi. Lawa mawebhusayithi 'amnyama' aklanyelwe ukuhlambalaza ukuthi wonke umuntu ufunda noma ushicilela lapho. Inhloso yilezi zimbini: ukuhlinzeka indawo ephephile kubantu abafuna ukugwema ukuphindwa emthethweni, uhulumeni ocindezelayo, noma izinkampani ezingathembeki; futhi ukuhlinzeka indawo yangasese ukudayisa ezimakethe ezimnyama ezimakethe. Okuningi "
06 kwangu-11
I-intanethi ye-Intanethi: I-Smartphones nama-laptops
Ama-laptops, netbooks, kanye nama-Smartphone yiwona amadivayisi esiwasebenzisayo ukukhipha iNethe njengoba sihamba. Ukugibela ibhasi, ukuhlala esitolo sekhofi, emtatsheni wezincwadi, noma esiteshini sezindiza, i- intanethi ye- intanethi iyinto ehlelekile yokuguqula. Kodwa ukuba yi-intanethi ye-intanethi-inikwe amandla idinga ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-hardware nokuxhumana. Ngokuqinisekile cabanga ngezifundo ezilandelayo ukuze uqale:
- Ngiziphi izinketho zenkonzo ye-intanethi engazintambo enginayo ?
- Indlela yokukhetha inethiwekhi engenantambo .
- Indlela yokuthola i-hotspot engenantambo .
- Indlela yokusebenzisa i-wireless ehhotela .
07 kwangu-11
Imeyili: Indlela Esebenza ngayo
I-imeyili iyi-subnetwork enkulu ngaphakathi kwe-Intanethi. Senza imilayezo ebhaliwe, kanye nezinamathiselo zefayela , nge-imeyili. Ngenkathi ingakwazi ukususa isikhathi sakho, i-imeyili inika inani lebhizinisi lokugcina umzila wephepha wezingxoxo. Uma usanda ku-imeyli, nakanjani cabanga ngamanye ama-tutorials:
- Isexwayiso: bheka ngaphambi kokuthumela leyo imeyili!
- Amafayela e-Zip njengezinamathiselo: Ungayifaka kanjani
08 kwangu-11
Imilayezo esheshayo: Ngokushesha kune-imeyili
Imiyalezo esheshayo , noma i- "IM", inhlanganisela yengxoxo ne-imeyili. Nakuba ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengokuphazanyiswa emahhovisi ezinkampani, i-IM ingaba ithuluzi lokuxhumana eliwusizo kakhulu kokubili izinhloso zebhizinisi nezenhlalo. Kulabo bantu abasebenzisa i-IM, kungaba yithuluzi lokuxhumana elihle kakhulu.
09 kwangu-11
I-Social Networking
"I-Social Networking" iphathelene nokuqala nokugcina ubungani bezokuxhumana ngokusebenzisa amawebhusayithi. Yindlela yesimanje yedijithali yokuzijabulisa, eyenziwe ngamakhasi ewebhu. Abasebenzisi bazokhetha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu amasevisi e-intanethi agxile ekuxhumaneni kweqembu lonke bese abutha abangani bawo lapho ukuze bahlanganyele imikhonzo yansuku zonke nemiyalezo ejwayelekile. Nakuba kungenjalo nokuxhumana ubuso nobuso, ukuxhumana nabantu kubonakala kakhulu ngoba kulula, ukudlala, futhi kushukumisa ngempela. Izingosi zokuxhumana nabantu zingabhejwa noma zigxila ezintweni ezithandwayo zokuzijabulisa ezifana nama-movie nomculo.
10 kwangu-11
Ulimi lwe-Strange kanye nama-Acronyms we-Inthanethi Imilayezo
Izwe le-inthanethi ye-intanethi kanye ne-intanethi lidideka ngempela ekuqaleni. Ngokwengxenye ethonywe yi-gamers nabaduni bokuzilibazisa, ukuziphatha okulindelekile kukhona ku-Net. Futhi: ulimi nolwazi luvame kakhulu. Ngesizo, mhlawumbe isiko nolwimi lokuphila kwedijithali ngeke lube lukhuni kakhulu ...
- Izifinyezo ze-intanethi : IMHO, ROFL, i-wibamu, i-bbiab, nokuningi ...
- Ingabe kufanele ngiqondise abanye abasebenzisi bewebhu nge isipelingi sabo ?
11 kwangu-11
Izinjini Zokusesha Ezinhle Zokuqala
Ngezinkulungwane zamakhasi wewebhu namafayela afakwe nsuku zonke, i-intanethi kanye newebhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yokusesha. Ngenkathi izinkomba ezifana ne-Google ne-Yahoo! usizo, okubaluleke nakakhulu umqondo womsebenzisi ... indlela yokufinyelela ukuhlunga ngezigidigidi zokukhetha okungenzeka ukuthola okudingayo.