Isingeniso sohlelo lwezontanga kanye namanethiwekhi
Ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ye-P2P kuye kwakha isithakazelo esikhulu emhlabeni jikelele phakathi kokungena kwe-intanethi nabachwepheshe bezokuxhumana. Amasistimu e-software e-P2P afana nekhasi le-Kazaa neNapster phakathi kwezicelo zesofthiwe ezidumile kunazo zonke. Amabhizinisi amaningi nezindawo zewebhu ziye zagqugquzela ubuchwepheshe bokuthi "ngontanga" kuya esikhathini esizayo sokuxhumana nge-intanethi.
Nakuba bekhona ngempela iminyaka eminingi, ubuchwepheshe be-P2P buyathembisa ukushintsha kakhulu ikusasa lokuxhumana.
Isofthiwe ye-P2P yokwabelana ngefayili nayo idale ukungqubuzana okukhulu ngokusemthethweni nokusetshenziswa okulungile. Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe bayavumelani ngemininingwane ehlukahlukene ye-P2P futhi ngokuqondile ukuthi kuzoshintsha kanjani esikhathini esizayo.
Inethiwekhi Yontanga Yontanga Nontanga
Isigama se-P2P ngokuyisisekelo sibhekisela oontanga . I-Webopedia ichaza i-P2P njengo:
Uhlobo lwenethiwekhi lapho indawo yokusebenza ngayinye inekhono elilinganayo nemithwalo yemfanelo. Lokhu kuhluke kumakhemikhali amaklayenti / iseva, lapho amanye amakhompyutha anikezelwe ukukhonza abanye.
Le ncazelo ithatha incazelo yendabuko yokuxhumana nontanga. Amakhompiyutha enethiwekhi yontanga-nhlobo ngokuvamile ekhona ngokomzimba eduze komunye futhi asebenzise izivumelwano ezifanayo zokuxhumana nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngaphambi kokuba inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ibe yinto ethandwayo, amabhizinisi amancane kuphela nezikole ezakhelwe amanethiwekhi amancane.
Amanethiwekhi Wontanga Yontanga
Amanethiwekhi amaningi ekhompiyutha ekhaya namuhla angamanethiwekhi angangontanga.
Abasebenzisi bezindawo zokuhlala bahlela amakhompyutha abo ezinkampanini zontanga ukuze bavumele ukwabelana kwamafayela , amaphrinta nezinye izinsiza ezilinganayo phakathi kwazo zonke amadivayisi. Nakuba ikhompyutha eyodwa ingaba iseva yefayela noma i-Fax iseva kunoma yisiphi isikhathi, amanye amakhompyutha asekhaya ngokuvamile anekhono elilinganayo lokusingatha leyo mithwalo yemfanelo.
Kokubili amanethiwekhi we-wire wired and wireless afaneleke njengezondlo kuya kwontanga. Abanye bangase bathi ukufakwa komzila wenethiwekhi noma idivaysi efanayo ephakathi nendawo kusho ukuthi inethiwekhi ayisekho kontanga. Kusuka ekubukeni kwenethiwekhi, lokhu akulungile. I- router ijoyina nje inethiwekhi yendlu eya kwi-inthanethi ; akusho ngokwayo ukushintsha ukuthi izinsiza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi zabelwe kanjani.
I-P2P Yokwabelana Ngezintambo Zamafayela
Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa igama elithi P2P, abakucabangi ngezinethiwekhi zontanga zendabuko, kodwa kunalokho ukwabelana ngefayili kuya kwe-intanethi . Izinhlelo zekwabelana ngefayela le-P2P ziye zaba yisigaba esisodwa esithandwa kakhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Inthanethi kule minyaka eyishumi.
Inethiwekhi ye-P2P isebenzisa izivumelwano zokusesha nokudluliswa kwedatha ngaphezu kwe- Inthanethi Protocol (IP) . Ukuze ufinyelele kwinethiwekhi ye-P2P, abasebenzisi bamane balayishe futhi bafake isicelo seKlayenti seP2P esifanele.
Kunezinethiwekhi eziningi ze- P2P nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze- P2P ezikhona. Ezinye izinhlelo ze-P2P zisebenza kuphela nenethiwekhi eyodwa ye-P2P, kanti abanye basebenzisana nokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi. Ngokufanayo, amanye amanethiwekhi we-P2P asekela uhlelo olulodwa kuphela, kanti amanye asekela izinhlelo eziningi.
Yiziphi izicelo zeP2P Software?
Incazelo enhle ye-software ye-P2P iphakanyiswe nguDave Winer we-UserLand Software eminyakeni eminingi edlule lapho i-P2P iqala ukuqala. UDave uphakamisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-P2P zifaka lezi zici eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko:
- isikhombikubona somsebenzisi siphumela ngaphandle kwesiphequluli seWebhu
- amakhompyutha ohlelweni angasebenza njengamakhasimende namaseva
- isofthiwe kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ihlanganiswe kahle
- uhlelo lokusebenza luhlanganisa amathuluzi okusekela abasebenzisi abafuna ukwakha okuqukethwe noma ukwengeza ukusebenza
- uhlelo lokusebenza lwenza uxhumano nabanye abasebenzisi
- isicelo senza okuthile okusha noma okuthakazelisayo
- isofthiwe isekela "izintambo-zenethiwekhi" izivumelwano ezifana ne-SOAP noma i- XML-RPC
Kulo mbono wanamuhla wamakhompi aphakathi kontanga, amanethiwekhi e-P2P adlula kuwo wonke ama-intanethi, hhayi nje inethiwekhi yendawo yasendaweni yekhaya (LAN) . Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ye-P2P elula ukusebenzisa ama-geek kanye nabantu abangeyona ezobuchwepheshe ukuthi bahlanganyele.
Kazaa, Napster kanye ne-More P2P Software Applications
Uhlelo lokuqala lwefayela le-MP3 yokwabelana, i- Napster yaba yi-software yesofthiwe ye-intanethi ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ebusuku. I-Napster ifanekisela uhlelo olusha lwe-"P2P" lwamanje oluchazwe ngenhla: isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esisebenza ngaphandle kwesiphequluli esisekela kokubili ifayela elikhonza nokulanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNapster yanikeza amakamelo okuxoxa ukuze axhumane nezigidi zayo zabasebenzisi futhi enze into entsha futhi ijabulise (ngomqondo "wenkani").
Igama elithi Napster libhekise kokubili kwinethiwekhi ye-P2P kanye neklayenti yokwabelana ngefayili eyayixhaswa. Ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa ekuqaleni kokusebenza komklayenti oyedwa, uNapster wasebenzisa inqubo yokuxhumana yenethiwekhi, kodwa le mininingwane yobuchwepheshe ayizange ithinte kakhulu ukuthandwa kwayo.
Lapho insizakalo yokuqala yaseNapster engalawulwa ivaliwe, izinhlelo eziningi ze-P2P zanqoba izilaleli.
Abasebenzisi abaningi baseNapster bahambela izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe yeKazaa neKazaa Lite kanye nenethiwekhi ye- FastTrack . I-FastTrack ikhule yaba mkhulu kunenethiwekhi yaseNapster yokuqala.
U-Kazaa uye wabhekana nezinkinga zakhe zomthetho, kodwa ezinye izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, njenge- eDonkey / Overnet , ziye zaqhubeka nefa le-software yamahhala ye-F2P yokwabelana ngefayili.
Izinhlelo ezidumile ze-P2P nezinethiwekhi
Ayikho uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-P2P noma inethiwekhi ejabulela ukuthandwa ngokukhethekile kuyi-Internet namuhla. Amanethiwekhi adumile we-P2P ahlanganisa:
- i-eDonkey
- I-BitTorrent
- I-Gnutella
futhi izicelo ezidumile ze-P2P zihlanganisa
- eMule
- I-BitTorrent
- Limewire
Amabhizinisi amaningi aphefumulelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-P2P futhi ahlolisisa ukucubungula isofthiwe entsha yeP2P esithakazelisayo. Kodwa-ke, abanye emphakathini wenethiwekhi bakholelwa ukuthi impumelelo yeNapster, Kazaa nezinye izinhlelo ze-P2P azihlangene nobuchwepheshe futhi zihlobene nokuphanga. Kuhlala kudingeke ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi amasistimu e-mass-market eP2P angakwazi ukuhumusha emabhizinisini ebhizinisi enenzuzo.
Isifingqo
Igama elithi "P2P" liye laba yisikhathi sendlu. Leli gama lisho ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto: izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe, ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi, kanye nokuziphatha kokuhlanganyela kwefayela.
Eminyakeni ezayo, lindele ukuthi umqondo weP2P uqhubeke uguquke.
Imboni yokuxhumanisa izokwethula uhlu olubanzi lwazo zontanga izinhlelo zokusebenza okufanele zikwazi ukuncintisana ukunakwa ngedeskithophu yendabuko kanye nezinhlelo zamaklayenti / iseva. Izindinganiso zeprothotholi ye-P2P izokwamukelwa ngendlela enkulu. Okokugcina, ukuhlanganiswa kokukwabelana ngolwazi lwe-P2P yamahhala ku-copyright kanye nomthetho wezakhiwo zomqondo kuzolungiswa kancane kancane ngenqubo yokuphikisana komphakathi.