Incwadi Yefoni Ye-intanethi
I-intanethi nezinethiwekhi eziningi ezizimele ze- Intanethi ye-Intanethi (IP) zithembele ekuthembekeni ku- Domain Name System (DNS) ukusiza ukuqondisa imoto. I-DNS igcina ulwazi olusatshalaliswa lwamagama wenethiwekhi namakheli, futhi linikeza izindlela zamakhompyutha ukubuza ukude kwedatha. Abanye abantu babiza i-DNS "ibhuku lefoni le-intanethi."
I-DNS ne-World Wide Web
Wonke amasayithi eWebhu asemphakathini asebenza kuma-server axhunyiwe kwi-intanethi ngamakheli e- IP omphakathi . Amaseva wewebhu ku-About.com, isibonelo, anamakheli afana no-207.241.148.80. Nakuba abantu bangakwazi ukuthayipha ulwazi lwekheli njenge-http://207.241.148.80/ kwisiphequluli sabo sewebhu ukuze bavakashele amasayithi, bakwazi ukusebenzisa amagama afana ne-http: //www.about.com/ kungcono kakhulu.
I-intanethi isebenzisa i-DNS njengesevisi yokuxazulula igama igama lomhlaba wonke kumasayithi eWebhu yomphakathi. Uma othile efaka igama lesayithi kwisiphequluli sakhe, i-DNS ibheka ikheli le-IP elihambelanayo laleyo sayithi, idatha edingekayo yokwenza uxhumano lwenethiwekhi olufunwa phakathi kweziphequluli zeWeb kanye namaseva wewebhu .
I-DNS Amaseva kanye NamaHhovisi Wokubusa
I-DNS isebenzisa isakhiwo senethiwekhi yamakhasimende / seva . Amaseva e-DNS yi-computer ekhethwe ukugcina amarekhodi egciniwe e-DNS (amagama namakheli), kanti amaklayenti e-DNS afaka ama-PC, amafoni namanye amadivaysi abasebenzisi bokugcina. Amaseva e-DNS nawo asebenzisana nomunye nomunye, enza njengamaklayenti komunye nomunye uma kudingeka.
I-DNS ihlela amaseva ayo ibe yizikhundla eziphezulu. Nge-Intanethi, okuthiwa izimpande zamagama ezimpande zihlala phezulu kwesikhundla se-DNS. Amaseva wegama le-intanethi aphatha ulwazi lwe-DNS yeseva yezindawo eziphezulu zezinga leWeb (TLD) (njenge ".com" ne ".uk"), ikakhulukazi amagama namakheli we-IP amaseva e-DNS asemthethweni (abizwa ngokugunyazwayo ) aphethwe ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana ne-TLD ngayinye ngabanye. Amaseva ezingeni eliphansi elilandelayo lezindlela zamakheli kanye namakheli wesizinda samabanga aphezulu wesizinda se-DNS (njenge "about.com"), namazinga angeziwe alawula izizinda zewebhu (njenge "compnetworking.about.com").
Ama-server we-DNS afakwe futhi agcinwe amabhizinisi angasese kanye nezinhlangano ezilawula i-intanethi emhlabeni jikelele. Ku-intanethi, amaseva wegama eliyishumi lamaminithi (amachibi amancane wemishini emhlabeni jikelele) asekela amakhulu ezindawo eziphezulu ze-intanethi, kuyilapho i-About.com inikeza ulwazi lwe-DNS olugunyaziwe lwamasayithi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yayo. Izinhlangano zingasebenzisa ngokufanayo i-DNS kumanethiwekhi abo azimele ngokwehlukana, ngesilinganiso esincane.
Okuningi - Kuyini i-DNS Server?
Ilungiselela Amanethiwekhi we-DNS
Amakhasimende e-DNS (abizwa ngokuthi i- resolvers ) afuna ukusebenzisa i-DNS kumele ayenze ku-inethiwekhi yawo. Ukuxazulula umbuzo we-DNS usebenzisa amakheli e-fixed ( static ) e-IP wesiphakeli esisodwa noma ngaphezulu se-DNS. Enethiwekhi yekhaya, amakheli we-DNS iseva angalungiswa kanye kumgwaqo ovulekile futhi athathe ngokuzenzakalelayo amadivayisi amaklayenti , noma amakheli angalungiswa kwiklayenti ngalinye ngabanye. Abaphathi benethiwekhi yasemakhaya bangathola amakheli we-DNS iseva evumelekile kusuka kumnikezeli wesevisi wabo we-intanethi noma abahlinzeki be-DNS be-intanethi ye-third party njenge-Google Public DNS ne-OpenDNS.
Izinhlobo ze-DNS Lookups
I-DNS isetshenziselwa kakhulu iziphequluli zeWebhu ngokuguqula amagama e-domain e-intanethi kumakheli we- IP . Ngaphandle kwalezi zindlela zokuhamba phambili , i-DNS nayo isetshenziselwa:
- ukuthola amaseva afanele ukuletha i-imeyili ye-intanethi
- ukuguqula ukuhlehlisa okuguqula ikheli le-IP emuva kwegama lesizinda
Izicelo zenethiwekhi ezisekela i-DNS lookups zigijima ku- TCP no- UDP , i-port 53 ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Bheka futhi - Phambili futhi Uphendule Ikheli le-IP Lookup
I-DNS Caches
Ukuze usebenzise kangcono izicelo eziningi, i-DNS isebenzisa i-caching. Ama-caches e-DNS agcina amakhophi wendawo wamarekhodi we-DNS asanda kutholakala ngenkathi okokuqala kuqhubeka kugcinwa kumaseva akhethiwe. Ukuba namakhophi wendawo amarekhodi e-DNS akwenqabe ukuthi kufanele akhiqize inethiwekhi yomshuwalense phezulu nakubasebenzi besizinda se-DNS. Noma kunjalo, uma i-cNS i-cache ingaphelelwa yisikhathi, izinkinga zokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi zingabangela. Ama-caches e-DNS nawo ayejwayele ukuhlaselwa abaduni be-network. Abalawuli benethiwekhi bangasusa i-DNS cache uma kudingeka, besebenzisa i- ipconfig nezinsiza ezifanayo.
Okuningi - Kuyini i-DNS Cache?
Dynamic DNS
I-DNS ejwayelekile idinga lonke ulwazi lwekheli le-IP elondolozwe ku-database okufanele lilungiswe. Lokhu kusebenza kahle ukusekela izingosi ezijwayelekile zeWebhu kodwa hhayi kumadivayisi usebenzisa amakheli we-IP ashukumisayo njengezinkampanini zewebhu ze-intanethi noma amaseva wewebhu. I-DNS DNS (i-DDNS) inezela izandiso ze- protocol yenethiwekhi ku-DNS ukuvumela isevisi yokuxazulula igama ngamakhasimende ashukumisayo.
Abahlinzeki abahlukene bezithathu banikeza amaphakheji e-DNS ashukumisayo aklanyelwe kulabo abafuna ukufinyelela kude nenethiwekhi yabo yasekhaya nge-intanethi. Ukusetha imvelo ye-Inthanethi ye-DDNS kudinga ukungena ngemvume nomhlinzeki okhethiwe nokufaka isofthiwe eyengeziwe kunethiwekhi yendawo. Umhlinzeki we-DDNS ubude bebukele amadivayisi abhalisile futhi wenza izibuyekezo ze-DNS igama leseva elidingekayo.
Okuningi - Kuyini Dynamic DNS?
Ezinye izindlela eziya ku-DNS
Isevisi ye-Microsoft Windows Naming Service (WINS) isekela ukulungiswa kwegama elifana ne-DNS kodwa isebenza kuphela kuma-computer e-Windows futhi isebenzisa isikhala segama elihlukile. I-WINS isetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi angasese we-Windows PC.
I-Dot-BIT iyiprojekthi evulekile yomthombo ngokusekelwe ubuchwepheshe be- BitCoin esebenza ukwengeza ukwesekwa kwesizinda "sezinga eliphezulu" se-DNS ku-intanethi.